Polisers rätt till ersättning för kränkning
(2023) JURM02 20231Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- I december 2022 blev en polis allvarligt skadad i samband med ett ingripande. Den kvinnliga polisen blev biten och fick motstå upprepande slag mot huvudet. 27 februari 2023 blev en polis i Norrköping överfallen med kniv utanför polishuset. Detta är bara två av flera incidenter där poliser blir offer för våld och hot om våld i deras yrkesutövning.
Poliser tillhör en yrkesgrupp som till vardags får bemöta våldsamma och hotfulla situationer. Polisens egen rapport från 2021 visar att nästan hälften av alla poliser som deltog i undersökningen någon gång har upplevt våld eller hot om våld när de befunnit sig i tjänst. Vidare visar undersökningen att våldet mot poliser blivit allt grövre i jämförelse med bara några år tillbaka. Detta kan ses... (More) - I december 2022 blev en polis allvarligt skadad i samband med ett ingripande. Den kvinnliga polisen blev biten och fick motstå upprepande slag mot huvudet. 27 februari 2023 blev en polis i Norrköping överfallen med kniv utanför polishuset. Detta är bara två av flera incidenter där poliser blir offer för våld och hot om våld i deras yrkesutövning.
Poliser tillhör en yrkesgrupp som till vardags får bemöta våldsamma och hotfulla situationer. Polisens egen rapport från 2021 visar att nästan hälften av alla poliser som deltog i undersökningen någon gång har upplevt våld eller hot om våld när de befunnit sig i tjänst. Vidare visar undersökningen att våldet mot poliser blivit allt grövre i jämförelse med bara några år tillbaka. Detta kan ses som ett led i att kriminaliteten i olika områden i Sverige ökat vilket i sin tur lett till allt fler våldsamma ingripanden för polisen.
I svensk rättspraxis har det konstaterats att vissa yrkeskategorier på grund av deras yrkesroll ska behöva tåla mer än gemeneman. Detta har inom er-sättningsrätten varit uttalat att omfatta poliser, ordningsvakter och kriminalvårdspersonal. Denna begränsade möjlighet motiveras av det faktum att eftersom dessa yrkesinnehavare lider en större risk att utsättas för kränkande angrepp får de därmed antas ha en större mental beredskap inför detta än allmänheten. Detta gör så att kränkningsersättning inte kan utgå vid varje angrepp som de utsätts för. Innan 2018 års tillägg i 2:3 skade-ståndslagen, fanns ingen uttalad rätt till kränkningsersättning för poliser men genom praxis bedömdes deras rätt till ersättning på samma sätt som tillägget idag görs.
Orsaken till att personer med en särskilt riskfylld yrkesroll har en begränsad rätt till kränkningsersättning är att de i och med deras särskilda yrkesroll måste anses ha en annan mental beredskap än gemene man. Denna begränsade rätt utgörs av en högre tröskel för när kränkningsersättning ska utdelas men innebär ingen nedsättning i beloppet när en rätt till kränkningsersättning faktiskt har fastställts för brottsoffret.
Vid bedömningen om polisers rätt till kränkningsersättning fokuserar man på omständigheterna vid angreppet och mycket vikt läggs på hur polisen har agerat, vilken information de har fått i förväg samt om polisen har provocerat fram ett visst beteende. Vidare görs en bedömning i varje enskilt fall och extra mycket vikt har lagts på båda kränkningens karaktär samt hur allvarlig kränkningen kan anses ha varit. En kränkning som rör polisens personliga sfär är att ses som ett angrepp mot individen i sig och anses all-tid vara av den allvarliga karaktären. I de fall som det finns omständigheter som gör att angreppet inte kan ses som så pass allvarlig så att det utgör vad som är över det som normalt en polis bör tåla utges inte kränkningsersättning. (Less) - Abstract
- In December 2022, a police officer was seriously injured in connection with an intervention. The female police officer was bitten and had to with-stand repeated blows to the head. On February 27, 2023, a police officer in Norrköping was attacked with a knife outside the police station. These are just two of several incidents where police officers are victims of violence and threats of violence in the course of their work.
Police officers belong to a professional group that has to deal with violent and threatening situations on a daily basis. The police's own report from 2021 shows that almost half of all police officers who took part in the sur-vey have at some point experienced violence or the threat of violence while on duty.... (More) - In December 2022, a police officer was seriously injured in connection with an intervention. The female police officer was bitten and had to with-stand repeated blows to the head. On February 27, 2023, a police officer in Norrköping was attacked with a knife outside the police station. These are just two of several incidents where police officers are victims of violence and threats of violence in the course of their work.
Police officers belong to a professional group that has to deal with violent and threatening situations on a daily basis. The police's own report from 2021 shows that almost half of all police officers who took part in the sur-vey have at some point experienced violence or the threat of violence while on duty. Furthermore, the survey shows that violence against police officers has become increasingly severe compared to just a few years ago. This can be seen as part of the increase in crime in various areas of Sweden, which in turn has led to more and more violent interventions by the police.
In Swedish jurisprudence, it has been established that certain professional categories must, due to their professional role, have to endure more than ordinary people. In compensation law, this has been stated to include police officers, security guards and criminal justice personnel. This limited oppor-tunity is justified by the fact that since these professionals suffer a greater risk of being exposed to abusive attacks, they can therefore be assumed to have a greater mental preparedness for this than the general public. This means that compensation for infringement cannot be paid out for every attack that they are subjected to. Before the 2018 amendment to the 2:3 Damages Act, there was no stated right to compensation for violations for police officers, but through practice, their right to compensation was as-sessed in the same way as the amendment is made today.
People with a particularly risky professional role have a limited right to injury compensation because, with their special professional role, they must be considered to have a different mental readiness than the average person. This limited right constitutes a higher threshold for when compensation for infringement must be awarded but does not mean a reduction in the amount when a right to compensation for infringement has actually been estab-lished for the victim of crime.
In the assessment of the police's right to injury compensation, the focus is on the circumstances of the attack and much emphasis is placed on how the police have acted, what information they have received in advance and whether the police have provoked certain behaviour. Furthermore, an as-sessment is made in each case and extra weight has been placed on the na-ture of the violation and how serious the violation can be considered to have been. A violation that concerns the police's personal sphere is seen as an attack on the individual itself and is always considered to be of a serious nature. In cases where there are circumstances that mean that the attack cannot be seen as so serious that it constitutes what is beyond what a police officer should normally endure, compensation for injury is not issued. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9116027
- author
- Bredinge, Viktoria LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- Policemen's right to compensation for violation
- course
- JURM02 20231
- year
- 2023
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- skadeståndsrätt, straffrätt, kränkningsersättning
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9116027
- date added to LUP
- 2023-06-12 11:48:41
- date last changed
- 2023-06-12 11:48:41
@misc{9116027,
abstract = {{In December 2022, a police officer was seriously injured in connection with an intervention. The female police officer was bitten and had to with-stand repeated blows to the head. On February 27, 2023, a police officer in Norrköping was attacked with a knife outside the police station. These are just two of several incidents where police officers are victims of violence and threats of violence in the course of their work.
Police officers belong to a professional group that has to deal with violent and threatening situations on a daily basis. The police's own report from 2021 shows that almost half of all police officers who took part in the sur-vey have at some point experienced violence or the threat of violence while on duty. Furthermore, the survey shows that violence against police officers has become increasingly severe compared to just a few years ago. This can be seen as part of the increase in crime in various areas of Sweden, which in turn has led to more and more violent interventions by the police.
In Swedish jurisprudence, it has been established that certain professional categories must, due to their professional role, have to endure more than ordinary people. In compensation law, this has been stated to include police officers, security guards and criminal justice personnel. This limited oppor-tunity is justified by the fact that since these professionals suffer a greater risk of being exposed to abusive attacks, they can therefore be assumed to have a greater mental preparedness for this than the general public. This means that compensation for infringement cannot be paid out for every attack that they are subjected to. Before the 2018 amendment to the 2:3 Damages Act, there was no stated right to compensation for violations for police officers, but through practice, their right to compensation was as-sessed in the same way as the amendment is made today.
People with a particularly risky professional role have a limited right to injury compensation because, with their special professional role, they must be considered to have a different mental readiness than the average person. This limited right constitutes a higher threshold for when compensation for infringement must be awarded but does not mean a reduction in the amount when a right to compensation for infringement has actually been estab-lished for the victim of crime.
In the assessment of the police's right to injury compensation, the focus is on the circumstances of the attack and much emphasis is placed on how the police have acted, what information they have received in advance and whether the police have provoked certain behaviour. Furthermore, an as-sessment is made in each case and extra weight has been placed on the na-ture of the violation and how serious the violation can be considered to have been. A violation that concerns the police's personal sphere is seen as an attack on the individual itself and is always considered to be of a serious nature. In cases where there are circumstances that mean that the attack cannot be seen as so serious that it constitutes what is beyond what a police officer should normally endure, compensation for injury is not issued.}},
author = {{Bredinge, Viktoria}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Polisers rätt till ersättning för kränkning}},
year = {{2023}},
}