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Vill du eller inte? - En analys av vad som utgör grov oaktsamhet vid oaktsam våldtäkt

Ask, Emma LU (2023) LAGF03 20231
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Den 1 juli 2018 ändrades svensk sexualbrottslagstiftning i grunden då
bedömningen för vad som utgör ett sexuellt övergrepp förändrades till att
definieras utifrån huruvida deltagandet i sexuell kontakt sker frivilligt.
Ändringarna som infördes i brottsbalken brukar gemensamt kallas
samtyckeslagen. Förändringen innebar även att ett nytt brott, oaktsam
våldtäkt som regleras i 6 kap. 1 a § brottsbalken, infördes. Härigenom
kriminaliserades vissa sexuella handlingar som utförts mot den utsattas vilja
men utan uppsåt, utan istället med grov oaktsamhet. Uppsatsen syftar till att
klargöra rättsläget för hur grov oaktsamhet ska uppfattas i detta
sammanhang och analysera huruvida den nuvarande tolkningen är förenlig
med de... (More)
Den 1 juli 2018 ändrades svensk sexualbrottslagstiftning i grunden då
bedömningen för vad som utgör ett sexuellt övergrepp förändrades till att
definieras utifrån huruvida deltagandet i sexuell kontakt sker frivilligt.
Ändringarna som infördes i brottsbalken brukar gemensamt kallas
samtyckeslagen. Förändringen innebar även att ett nytt brott, oaktsam
våldtäkt som regleras i 6 kap. 1 a § brottsbalken, infördes. Härigenom
kriminaliserades vissa sexuella handlingar som utförts mot den utsattas vilja
men utan uppsåt, utan istället med grov oaktsamhet. Uppsatsen syftar till att
klargöra rättsläget för hur grov oaktsamhet ska uppfattas i detta
sammanhang och analysera huruvida den nuvarande tolkningen är förenlig
med de rättssäkerhetsprinciper som aktualiseras. För att besvara
frågeställningarna har vägledning ur förarbeten och juridisk litteratur
använts, men framför allt har avgöranden från Högsta domstolen och
hovrätterna analyserats för att beskriva hur grov oaktsamhet uppfattats i
praktiken.
Uppsatsen inleds med en beskrivning av vad som utgör gällande rätt vid
oaktsam våldtäkt och i vilken kontext den nuvarande lagstiftningen
tillkommit. Vidare redogörs för vad som utgör oaktsamhet samt hur
bedömningen ska gå till både i allmänhet och specifikt vid oaktsam våldtäkt.
I avsnitten som följer återfinns en redogörelse för hur grov oaktsamhet
uppfattats i Högsta domstolens respektive hovrätternas praxis där de
omständigheter som tillmätts stor betydelse vid bedömningen presenteras.
Dessa avsnitt innehåller även allmän information om avgörandena
gemensamt för att ge läsaren en tydligare bild av vilken typ av frågor som
blir aktuella vid bedömningen av oaktsamheten.
Avslutningsvis diskuteras det presenterade underlaget i uppsatsen utifrån ett
rättssäkerhetsperspektiv. Bedömningen av vad som utgör grov oaktsamhet
vid oaktsam våldtäkt sker generellt på ett liknande sätt vid domstolarna och
några faktorer såsom parternas tidigare relation har kunnat påvisas vara
7
särskilt betydelsefulla vid bedömningen av om den tilltalade varit grovt
oaktsam. När förarbetena jämförs med utfallet i domstolarna förefaller
utrymmet för vad som utgör oaktsamhet något större i förarbetena. Det
förekommer även vissa skillnader mellan de olika avgörandena i
bedömningen av vad som utgör grov oaktsamhet. Sammanfattningsvis finns
ett behov av ytterligare vägledning, särskilt från Högsta domstolen, för att
tillämpningen av regleringen i praktiken och bedömningen av vad som utgör
grov oaktsamhet ska ske på ett förutsägbart sätt. (Less)
Abstract
In July 2018, the Swedish legislation regarding sexual assault fundamentally
changed in terms of which criminal acts are considered to be a violation of
the law. Among these changes was the implementation of the new criminal
offence of negligent rape, found in the sixth chapter of the Swedish penal
code, which opposedly to the previous ruling that only included intentional
acts, now criminalizes acts of negligence. This essay aims to determine how
gross negligence should be interpreted in regards to the criminal offence of
negligent rape. It will also investigate whether the current interpretation
complies with the rule of law. As for the method and material, this paper
primarily uses precedents set by the Supreme Court.... (More)
In July 2018, the Swedish legislation regarding sexual assault fundamentally
changed in terms of which criminal acts are considered to be a violation of
the law. Among these changes was the implementation of the new criminal
offence of negligent rape, found in the sixth chapter of the Swedish penal
code, which opposedly to the previous ruling that only included intentional
acts, now criminalizes acts of negligence. This essay aims to determine how
gross negligence should be interpreted in regards to the criminal offence of
negligent rape. It will also investigate whether the current interpretation
complies with the rule of law. As for the method and material, this paper
primarily uses precedents set by the Supreme Court. In addition to the
precedents, rulings by the courts of appeal have been analyzed to examine
how gross negligence has been interpreted in several cases of negligent
rape. The research is also based on legislative history and literature of
jurisprudence relevant to the subject.
First, this essay will describe how negligent rape is defined and in what
context the legislation was created. The following chapter presents the legal
term negligence, both explained as a legal definition in general, but also
specifically in regards to negligent rape. Furthermore, the presedents from
the Supreme Court and the rulings of the courts of appeal are examined in
depth so that the significant aspects of whether a person has acted with
negligence can be determined. This part of the essay also presents other
aspects which aims to guide the reader in gaining more understanding to
which questions are truly relevant whilst determining negligence in the act
of negligent rape.
Lastly, this paper contains a discussion aiming to answer whether or not the
uncertainty followed by the criminalization of negligence in relation to
negligent rape, is in compliance with the rule of law. It is found that gross
negligence, in general, is determined in a similar manner across the courts
and it is safe to say that certain elements can be identified as having greater
5
importance. However, in comparison between the rulings from the courts
and the literal interpretation of the legislation along its legislative history, it
seems that there are significant differences to what is considered to be gross
negligence. It appears that the legislation along its legislative history allows
for a wider interpretation. In conclusion, there is a need of more guidance
regarding how gross negligence should be determined in relation to the
legislation of negligent rape, as it will allow for greater predictability,
subsequently leading to a more uniform application of the law. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Ask, Emma LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20231
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, Oaktsam våldtäkt, Samtyckeslagen
language
Swedish
id
9116050
date added to LUP
2023-06-29 09:19:58
date last changed
2023-06-29 09:19:58
@misc{9116050,
  abstract     = {{In July 2018, the Swedish legislation regarding sexual assault fundamentally 
changed in terms of which criminal acts are considered to be a violation of 
the law. Among these changes was the implementation of the new criminal 
offence of negligent rape, found in the sixth chapter of the Swedish penal 
code, which opposedly to the previous ruling that only included intentional 
acts, now criminalizes acts of negligence. This essay aims to determine how 
gross negligence should be interpreted in regards to the criminal offence of 
negligent rape. It will also investigate whether the current interpretation 
complies with the rule of law. As for the method and material, this paper 
primarily uses precedents set by the Supreme Court. In addition to the 
precedents, rulings by the courts of appeal have been analyzed to examine 
how gross negligence has been interpreted in several cases of negligent 
rape. The research is also based on legislative history and literature of 
jurisprudence relevant to the subject. 
First, this essay will describe how negligent rape is defined and in what 
context the legislation was created. The following chapter presents the legal 
term negligence, both explained as a legal definition in general, but also 
specifically in regards to negligent rape. Furthermore, the presedents from 
the Supreme Court and the rulings of the courts of appeal are examined in 
depth so that the significant aspects of whether a person has acted with 
negligence can be determined. This part of the essay also presents other 
aspects which aims to guide the reader in gaining more understanding to 
which questions are truly relevant whilst determining negligence in the act 
of negligent rape.
Lastly, this paper contains a discussion aiming to answer whether or not the 
uncertainty followed by the criminalization of negligence in relation to 
negligent rape, is in compliance with the rule of law. It is found that gross 
negligence, in general, is determined in a similar manner across the courts 
and it is safe to say that certain elements can be identified as having greater 
5
importance. However, in comparison between the rulings from the courts 
and the literal interpretation of the legislation along its legislative history, it 
seems that there are significant differences to what is considered to be gross 
negligence. It appears that the legislation along its legislative history allows 
for a wider interpretation. In conclusion, there is a need of more guidance 
regarding how gross negligence should be determined in relation to the 
legislation of negligent rape, as it will allow for greater predictability, 
subsequently leading to a more uniform application of the law.}},
  author       = {{Ask, Emma}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Vill du eller inte? - En analys av vad som utgör grov oaktsamhet vid oaktsam våldtäkt}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}