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I skottlinjen mellan säkerhet och integritet – En analys av förslaget om visitationszoner och dess förenlighet med regeringsformen och Europeiska konventionen om mänskliga rättigheter och grundläggande friheter

Al Hasseni, Noor LU (2023) LAGF03 20231
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Till följd av ökat dödligt våld vid konflikter i den kriminella miljön har regeringen i samarbete med Sverigedemokraterna presenterat Tidöavtalet, som tillsammans med andra åtgärder förespråkar hårdare tag för att bekämpa den gängrelaterade brottsligheten. I Tidöavtalet presenteras ett förslag om visitationszoner, som ger polisen utökade befogenheter att inom ett geografiskt avgränsat område, under en tidsbegränsning, vidta tvångsmedel i form av kroppsvisitation och husrannsakan i fordon. I december 2022 gav regeringen särskilda utredare i uppdrag att utreda frågan om hur en lagstiftning om visitationszoner ska utformas (Dir. Ju2022/03671).

En lagstiftning om visitationszoner aktualiserar det grundlagsstadgade skyddet mot... (More)
Till följd av ökat dödligt våld vid konflikter i den kriminella miljön har regeringen i samarbete med Sverigedemokraterna presenterat Tidöavtalet, som tillsammans med andra åtgärder förespråkar hårdare tag för att bekämpa den gängrelaterade brottsligheten. I Tidöavtalet presenteras ett förslag om visitationszoner, som ger polisen utökade befogenheter att inom ett geografiskt avgränsat område, under en tidsbegränsning, vidta tvångsmedel i form av kroppsvisitation och husrannsakan i fordon. I december 2022 gav regeringen särskilda utredare i uppdrag att utreda frågan om hur en lagstiftning om visitationszoner ska utformas (Dir. Ju2022/03671).

En lagstiftning om visitationszoner aktualiserar det grundlagsstadgade skyddet mot kroppsvisitation och husrannsakan i 2 kap. 6 § regeringsformen, samt rätten till privatliv i artikel 8(1) i Europeiska konventionen om skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna och de grundläggande friheterna. Dessa rättigheter kan emellertid begränsas, vilket följer av 2 kap. 20-21 §§ RF respektive art. 8(2) EKMR. Vidare finns i nuvarande lagstiftning vissa befogenheter för polis att vidta tvångsmedel i förebyggande syfte, vilket stadgas i polislagen.

I uppsatsen redogörs för de förutsättningar som krävs för att tillåta en rättighetsinskränkning av skyddet i 2 kap. 6 § RF och art. 8 EKMR och hur en eventuell lagstiftning om visitationszoner måste förhålla sig till dessa. Av särskild vikt är legalitetsprincipen, ändamålsprincipen, behovsprincipen och proportionalitetsprincipen.

Slutsatsen är att förslaget om visitationszoner, baserat på det underlag som presenterats, är bristfällig i samtliga aspekter och skulle således utgöra ett otillåtet intrång i skyddet mot kroppsvisitation och husrannsakan samt skyddet för privatliv. För att en lagstiftning om visitationszoner inte ska strida mot grundläggande fri- och rättigheter måste den utformas på så sätt att den uppnår ändamålet (att förebygga allvarlig brottslighet) men samtidigt värnar om den enskildes rätt till integritet.

En lagstiftning om visitationszoner aktualiserar det grundlagsstadgade skyddet mot kroppsvisitation och husrannsakan i 2 kap. 6 § regeringsformen, samt rätten till privatliv i artikel 8(1) i Europeiska konventionen om skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna och de grundläggande friheterna. Dessa rättigheter kan emellertid begränsas, vilket följer av 2 kap. 20-21 §§ RF respektive art. 8(2) EKMR. Vidare finns i nuvarande lagstiftning vissa befogenheter för polis att vidta tvångsmedel i förebyggande syfte, vilket stadgas i polislag (1984:387).

I uppsatsen redogörs för de förutsättningar som krävs för att tillåta en rättighetsinskränkning av skyddet i 2 kap. 6 § RF och art. 8 EKMR och hur en eventuell lagstiftning om visitationszoner måste förhålla sig till dessa. Av särskild vikt är legalitetsprincipen, ändamålsprincipen, behovsprincipen och proportionalitetsprincipen.

Slutsatsen är att förslaget om visitationszoner, baserat på det underlag som presenterats, är bristfällig i samtliga aspekter och skulle således utgöra ett otillåtet intrång i skyddet mot kroppsvisitation och husrannsakan samt skyddet för privatliv. För att en lagstiftning om visitationszoner inte ska strida mot grundläggande fri- och rättigheter måste den utformas på så sätt att den uppnår ändamålet (att förebygga allvarlig brottslighet) men samtidigt värnar om den enskildes rätt till integritet. (Less)
Abstract
As a response to the increase of gun violence in organised crime conflicts, the government has called for a stricter approach to combat gang violence by proposing “stop and search” zones, which gives the police authority to use coercive powers to stop and search individuals as well as vehicles without reasonable suspicion of wrongdoing. In December 2022, special investigators were given the task of researching how to implement legislation on “stop and search” zones (Dir. Ju2022/03671).

The proposed “stop and search” zones actualizes the constitutionally protected rights against body and vehicle searches found in Chapter 2, Section 6 in The Instrument of Government as well as Article 8(1) in the European Convention on Human Rights. These... (More)
As a response to the increase of gun violence in organised crime conflicts, the government has called for a stricter approach to combat gang violence by proposing “stop and search” zones, which gives the police authority to use coercive powers to stop and search individuals as well as vehicles without reasonable suspicion of wrongdoing. In December 2022, special investigators were given the task of researching how to implement legislation on “stop and search” zones (Dir. Ju2022/03671).

The proposed “stop and search” zones actualizes the constitutionally protected rights against body and vehicle searches found in Chapter 2, Section 6 in The Instrument of Government as well as Article 8(1) in the European Convention on Human Rights. These rights are, however, not absolute and can be infringed as stated in Chapter 2, Sections 20–21 in the Instrument of Government and Article 8(2) of the European Convention. Furthermore, current legislation such as the Police Act grants the police the right to execute coercive measures for preventive purposes.

The following paper outlines the conditions required to allow an infringement of the protections in Chapter 2, Section 6 of the Swedish Instrument of Government and Article 8 of the European Convention. The fundamental principles of legality, necessity and proportionality are of particular importance. The purpose is to analyse how a potential legislation on “stop and search” zones must adhere to the aforementioned conditions.

The conclusion is that the current proposal for “stop and search” zones does not fulfil the conditions and therefore constitutes an unacceptable infringement of the protection against body and vehicle searches as well as the protection of privacy. In order for a future legislation to not be in conflict with the protected rights in The Instrument of Government and the European Convention, it must be designed in a way that follows the principles of legality, necessity and proportionality. Moreover, the legislation must find a balance between achieving its purpose of combating crime while protecting the individual’s right to privacy.

The proposed “stop and search” zones actualizes the constitutionally protected rights against body and vehicle searches found in Chapter 2, Section 6 in The Instrument of Government (1974:152) as well as Article 8(1) in the European Convention on Human Rights. These rights are, however, not absolute and can be infringed as stated in Chapter 2, Sections 20–21 in the Instrument of Government and Article 8(2) of the European Convention. Furthermore, current legislation such as the Police Act (1984:387) grants the police the right to execute coercive measures for preventive purposes.

The following paper outlines the conditions required to allow an infringement of the protections in Chapter 2, Section 6 of the Swedish Instrument of Government and Article 8 of the European Convention. The fundamental principles of legality, necessity and proportionality are of particular importance. The purpose is to analyse how a potential legislation on “stop and search” zones must adhere to the aforementioned conditions.

The conclusion is that the current proposal for “stop and search” zones does not fulfil the conditions and therefore constitutes an unacceptable infringement in the protection against body and vehicle searches as well as the protection of privacy. In order for a future legislation to not be in conflict with the protected rights in The Instrument of Government and the European Convention, it must be designed in a way that follows the principles of legality, necessity and proportionality. Moreover, the legislation must find a balance between achieving its purpose of combating crime while protecting the individual’s right to privacy. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Al Hasseni, Noor LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20231
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
visitationszoner, integritet, tvångsmedel, processrätt, statsrätt, stop and search zones, criminal procedure, right to privacy
language
Swedish
id
9116111
date added to LUP
2023-06-29 09:17:47
date last changed
2023-06-29 09:17:47
@misc{9116111,
  abstract     = {{As a response to the increase of gun violence in organised crime conflicts, the government has called for a stricter approach to combat gang violence by proposing “stop and search” zones, which gives the police authority to use coercive powers to stop and search individuals as well as vehicles without reasonable suspicion of wrongdoing. In December 2022, special investigators were given the task of researching how to implement legislation on “stop and search” zones (Dir. Ju2022/03671).

The proposed “stop and search” zones actualizes the constitutionally protected rights against body and vehicle searches found in Chapter 2, Section 6 in The Instrument of Government as well as Article 8(1) in the European Convention on Human Rights. These rights are, however, not absolute and can be infringed as stated in Chapter 2, Sections 20–21 in the Instrument of Government and Article 8(2) of the European Convention. Furthermore, current legislation such as the Police Act grants the police the right to execute coercive measures for preventive purposes. 

The following paper outlines the conditions required to allow an infringement of the protections in Chapter 2, Section 6 of the Swedish Instrument of Government and Article 8 of the European Convention. The fundamental principles of legality, necessity and proportionality are of particular importance. The purpose is to analyse how a potential legislation on “stop and search” zones must adhere to the aforementioned conditions.

The conclusion is that the current proposal for “stop and search” zones does not fulfil the conditions and therefore constitutes an unacceptable infringement of the protection against body and vehicle searches as well as the protection of privacy. In order for a future legislation to not be in conflict with the protected rights in The Instrument of Government and the European Convention, it must be designed in a way that follows the principles of legality, necessity and proportionality. Moreover, the legislation must find a balance between achieving its purpose of combating crime while protecting the individual’s right to privacy.

The proposed “stop and search” zones actualizes the constitutionally protected rights against body and vehicle searches found in Chapter 2, Section 6 in The Instrument of Government (1974:152) as well as Article 8(1) in the European Convention on Human Rights. These rights are, however, not absolute and can be infringed as stated in Chapter 2, Sections 20–21 in the Instrument of Government and Article 8(2) of the European Convention. Furthermore, current legislation such as the Police Act (1984:387) grants the police the right to execute coercive measures for preventive purposes. 

The following paper outlines the conditions required to allow an infringement of the protections in Chapter 2, Section 6 of the Swedish Instrument of Government and Article 8 of the European Convention. The fundamental principles of legality, necessity and proportionality are of particular importance. The purpose is to analyse how a potential legislation on “stop and search” zones must adhere to the aforementioned conditions.

The conclusion is that the current proposal for “stop and search” zones does not fulfil the conditions and therefore constitutes an unacceptable infringement in the protection against body and vehicle searches as well as the protection of privacy. In order for a future legislation to not be in conflict with the protected rights in The Instrument of Government and the European Convention, it must be designed in a way that follows the principles of legality, necessity and proportionality. Moreover, the legislation must find a balance between achieving its purpose of combating crime while protecting the individual’s right to privacy.}},
  author       = {{Al Hasseni, Noor}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{I skottlinjen mellan säkerhet och integritet – En analys av förslaget om visitationszoner och dess förenlighet med regeringsformen och Europeiska konventionen om mänskliga rättigheter och grundläggande friheter}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}