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EU-rätten och den svenska dispositionsprincipen - En utredning av Braathens-målet och dess påverkan på svensk civilprocessrätt

Preuss, Greta LU (2023) JURM02 20231
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Sedan Sverige blev medlem i EU 1995 har det svenska rättssystemet genomgått stora förändringar. EU-medlemskapet har medfört att lagstiftaren och nationella domstolar har fått ett stort antal principer och tolkningsmetoder att ta hänsyn till, även vid tillämpningen av uteslutande nationell rätt. Till och med inom den nationella processrätten, där medlemsstaterna har autonomi och alltså den huvudsakliga bestämmanderätten, har EU-rätten stort inflytande.

Syftet med förevarande uppsats är att utreda vilken påverkan EU-rätten och EU-domstolens domar har på den svenska civilprocessrätten, med fokus på när EU-rätten står i konflikt med dispositionsprincipen och rätten till medgivande i dispositiva tvistemål. I uppsatsen har såväl svensk och... (More)
Sedan Sverige blev medlem i EU 1995 har det svenska rättssystemet genomgått stora förändringar. EU-medlemskapet har medfört att lagstiftaren och nationella domstolar har fått ett stort antal principer och tolkningsmetoder att ta hänsyn till, även vid tillämpningen av uteslutande nationell rätt. Till och med inom den nationella processrätten, där medlemsstaterna har autonomi och alltså den huvudsakliga bestämmanderätten, har EU-rätten stort inflytande.

Syftet med förevarande uppsats är att utreda vilken påverkan EU-rätten och EU-domstolens domar har på den svenska civilprocessrätten, med fokus på när EU-rätten står i konflikt med dispositionsprincipen och rätten till medgivande i dispositiva tvistemål. I uppsatsen har såväl svensk och EU-rättslig lagstiftning och praxis som doktrin och förarbetsuttalanden använts för att uppnå fastställa vad som utgör gällande rätt och därmed besvara uppsatsens frågeställningar. Detta tillvägagångssätt kan beskrivas som rättsdogmatiskt.

Utredningen görs med utgångspunkt i EU-domstolens dom Braathens, där ovan nämnda frågor aktualiserades i förhållande till diskrimineringslagstiftningen. I Braathens konstaterade EU-domstolen att möjligheten för en svarande att avsluta en diskrimineringstvist genom ett medgivande som endast avser en del av kärandens talan innebär att EU:s diskrimineringsrätt inte får ett effektivt genomslag i svensk rätt.

I Braathens kom EU-domstolen fram till att svenska domstolar bör åsidosätta 42 kap. 18 § 1 st. 3 p. RB eftersom denna bestämmelse hindrar ett effektivt genomslag av EU-rätten. I uppsatsen konstateras att detta inte är en hållbar lösning. Dispositionsprincipen är en grundläggande byggsten inom civilprocessrätten och principen anses följa av allmänna civilprocessrättsliga grundsatser. Ett åsidosättande av nämnda bestämmelse i RB, och i förlängningen dispositionsprincipen, skulle innebära en grundläggande förändring av civilprocessrätten. I stället dras slutsatsen att diskrimineringsmål bör fortsätta handläggas som dispositiva tvistemål och att 42 kap. 18 § 1 st. 3 p. RB därmed ska fortsätta tillämpas, men att ett påstående om diskriminering bör ses som ett indispositivt moment som domstolen ska beakta ex officio. På så sätt garanteras ett effektivt genomslag av EU-rätten samtidigt som den svenska civilprocessrätten bibehåller sin grundstruktur.

Uppsatsen visar att principen om nationell processautonomi, som föreskriver att medlemsstaterna har autonomi på processrättens område, inte innebär att medlemsstaterna har ensam bestämmanderätt i frågor som rör civilprocessrätt. Mot bakgrund av EU-rättens företräde framför nationell rätt samt principerna om effektivitet, likvärdighet och lojalitet minimeras möjligheten för medlemsstaterna att agera fritt på processrättens område. I uppsatsen kritiseras detta och det konstateras att EU-domstolen bör vara mindre ingripande i nationell processrätt. (Less)
Abstract
Since Sweden joined the European union in 1995, the Swedish legal system has gone through major changes. The EU membership has provided the legislator with several principles and methods of interpretation to consider, even when applying exclusively domestic law. These principles and methods also apply to domestic civil procedure law, even though the member states of the EU have the main discretionary power within the area of procedural law.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the influence of EU law and case law from the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) upon Swedish civil procedural law. The focus of the examination will be the conflict between the principle that the subject matter of an action is defined by the parties... (More)
Since Sweden joined the European union in 1995, the Swedish legal system has gone through major changes. The EU membership has provided the legislator with several principles and methods of interpretation to consider, even when applying exclusively domestic law. These principles and methods also apply to domestic civil procedure law, even though the member states of the EU have the main discretionary power within the area of procedural law.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the influence of EU law and case law from the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) upon Swedish civil procedural law. The focus of the examination will be the conflict between the principle that the subject matter of an action is defined by the parties and the possibility of an acquiescence in cases amenable to out-of-court settlement. In the thesis, law and case law from Sweden and the EU, as well as preparatory work and legal literature, has been used to answer the research questions. This approach can be described as legal-dogmatic method.

The inquiry has its starting point in the Braathens judgment from the CJEU, where the above-mentioned questions arose in relation to the anti-discrimination legislation. In the judgment, the CJEU concluded that the national law which prevents a court from examining an allegation of discrimination where the defendant agrees to pay the compensation claimed without recognizing the existence of that discrimination does not ensure the right to effective judicial protection for an individual.

In the Braathens judgment, the CJEU concluded that Swedish courts ought to refuse to apply the procedural rule that prevents an effective judicial protection. In this thesis, it is concluded that this is not a sustainable solution. The principle that the subject matter of an action is defined by the parties is an essential principle within Swedish civil procedural law, and to refuse the application of this principle would implicate a fundamental change in civil procedural law. In this thesis it is instead suggested that anti-discrimination cases should continue to be dealt as cases amenable to out-of-court settlement, but that the allegation of discrimination should be seen as an element that the court should consider ex officio. In that way, a person is guaranteed an effective judicial protection, and the Swedish civil procedural law retains its fundamental structure.

The thesis illustrates that the principle of national procedural autonomy, which stipulates that the member states of the EU are autonomous within the area of civil procedural law, does not imply that the member states have sole discretion in matters regarding national procedural law. In view of the principle of the primacy of EU law, as well as the principles of effectiveness, equivalence and loyalty, the room for discretion for the national legislator to act freely in the field of procedural law is limited. This is criticized in the thesis, and it is concluded that the CJEU should be less interventionist in national procedural law. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Preuss, Greta LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The EU and national procedural law - An evaluation of the Braathens judgment and its impact on Swedish civil procedural law
course
JURM02 20231
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
EU-rätt, civilprocessrätt, processrätt
language
Swedish
id
9116375
date added to LUP
2023-06-19 10:56:06
date last changed
2023-06-19 10:56:06
@misc{9116375,
  abstract     = {{Since Sweden joined the European union in 1995, the Swedish legal system has gone through major changes. The EU membership has provided the legislator with several principles and methods of interpretation to consider, even when applying exclusively domestic law. These principles and methods also apply to domestic civil procedure law, even though the member states of the EU have the main discretionary power within the area of procedural law.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the influence of EU law and case law from the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) upon Swedish civil procedural law. The focus of the examination will be the conflict between the principle that the subject matter of an action is defined by the parties and the possibility of an acquiescence in cases amenable to out-of-court settlement. In the thesis, law and case law from Sweden and the EU, as well as preparatory work and legal literature, has been used to answer the research questions. This approach can be described as legal-dogmatic method. 

The inquiry has its starting point in the Braathens judgment from the CJEU, where the above-mentioned questions arose in relation to the anti-discrimination legislation. In the judgment, the CJEU concluded that the national law which prevents a court from examining an allegation of discrimination where the defendant agrees to pay the compensation claimed without recognizing the existence of that discrimination does not ensure the right to effective judicial protection for an individual. 

In the Braathens judgment, the CJEU concluded that Swedish courts ought to refuse to apply the procedural rule that prevents an effective judicial protection. In this thesis, it is concluded that this is not a sustainable solution. The principle that the subject matter of an action is defined by the parties is an essential principle within Swedish civil procedural law, and to refuse the application of this principle would implicate a fundamental change in civil procedural law. In this thesis it is instead suggested that anti-discrimination cases should continue to be dealt as cases amenable to out-of-court settlement, but that the allegation of discrimination should be seen as an element that the court should consider ex officio. In that way, a person is guaranteed an effective judicial protection, and the Swedish civil procedural law retains its fundamental structure.

The thesis illustrates that the principle of national procedural autonomy, which stipulates that the member states of the EU are autonomous within the area of civil procedural law, does not imply that the member states have sole discretion in matters regarding national procedural law. In view of the principle of the primacy of EU law, as well as the principles of effectiveness, equivalence and loyalty, the room for discretion for the national legislator to act freely in the field of procedural law is limited. This is criticized in the thesis, and it is concluded that the CJEU should be less interventionist in national procedural law.}},
  author       = {{Preuss, Greta}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{EU-rätten och den svenska dispositionsprincipen - En utredning av Braathens-målet och dess påverkan på svensk civilprocessrätt}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}