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Aktiekapitalkravet i ABL – Ett otillräckligt borgenärsskydd?

Wihlstrand, Oskar LU (2023) LAGF03 20231
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
I detta arbete granskas och analyseras den utveckling av aktiekapitalet som skett under de senaste decennierna. Framställningen inleds således med en kort bakgrundsbeskrivning av aktiekapitalets historiska utveckling där ett lagstadgat aktiekapital för första gången år 1895 reglerades i den svenska aktiebolagslagen. Ursprungligen syftade reglerna om aktiekapital till att fungera som ett stabilt borgenärsskydd, men under åren har skyddet börjat förlora sin tilltänkta funktion och ersatts av andra samhälleliga intressen, vilka löpande framgår av framställningen.

I uppsatsen undersöks dagens betydelse av aktiekapitalet i förhållande till bolagsborgenärerna. Vidare utreds huruvida det lagstadgade kravet på aktiekapital bör avskaffas helt,... (More)
I detta arbete granskas och analyseras den utveckling av aktiekapitalet som skett under de senaste decennierna. Framställningen inleds således med en kort bakgrundsbeskrivning av aktiekapitalets historiska utveckling där ett lagstadgat aktiekapital för första gången år 1895 reglerades i den svenska aktiebolagslagen. Ursprungligen syftade reglerna om aktiekapital till att fungera som ett stabilt borgenärsskydd, men under åren har skyddet börjat förlora sin tilltänkta funktion och ersatts av andra samhälleliga intressen, vilka löpande framgår av framställningen.

I uppsatsen undersöks dagens betydelse av aktiekapitalet i förhållande till bolagsborgenärerna. Vidare utreds huruvida det lagstadgade kravet på aktiekapital bör avskaffas helt, vilket ett övervägande antal EU-länder redan valt att göra. Anledningen till avskaffandet beror på att dessa länder förlorat tilltron till aktiekapitalets funktion som borgenärsskydd. Även i svensk doktrin betraktas minimikravets storlek som arbiträrt och tämligen obehövligt. Uppsatsens komparativa jämförelse görs med utgångspunkt i det så kallade Centros-målet från EU-domstolen (C-212/97) vari unionens etableringsfrihet konkretiserades och där EU-domstolen även lyfte fram att inskränkningar i etableringsrätten var och är förbjudna för samtliga EU-medlemsstater. Utfallet i Centros-målet har indirekt påverkat lagstiftare i flera EU-länder att sänka aktiekapitalkraven och anpassa sig till andra medlemsstater med ett redan sänkt aktiekapitalkrav.

Av framställningen framgår likaledes den svenska lagstiftarens olika avvägningar som har gjorts där syftet har varit att dels ge borgenären sitt rättmätiga skydd mot bland annat likviditetsbrist, dels ge företagaren enkla verktyg för att starta ett aktiebolag med lägre aktiekapitalkrav. Vad som kan konstateras är att det som en tid var ett gediget borgenärsskydd har fått ge vika för andra samhällsekonomiska intressen och förhoppningen om ekonomisk tillväxt i Sverige. Detta till trots har den svenska lagstiftaren valt att inte fullt ut anpassa sig till majoriteten av EU-medlemsländerna, där aktiebolagslagstiftningen nu inte längre kräver att bolaget har ett aktiekapital.

Med anledning av ovan nämnd problematik framställs i detta arbete såväl för- som nackdelar med ett sänkt eller avskaffat aktiekapital, allt i syfte att försöka utröna huruvida lagstiftarens borgenärsskydd med hjälp av regler om aktiekapitalet inte uppfyller sitt syfte och därmed kan och bör avskaffas i sin helhet. (Less)
Abstract
In this work, the development of share capital over the past decades is examined and analyzed. The presentation begins with a brief historical description of the development of share capital, where a statutory share capital was first regulated in the Swedish Companies Act in 1895. Originally, the rules regarding share capital aimed to provide stable creditor protection, but over the years, this protection has started to lose its intended function and has been replaced by other societal interests, which are continuously outlined in the essay.

Furthermore, the essay investigates the current significance of share capital in relation to the company's creditors. Moreover, it examines whether the statutory requirement for share capital should... (More)
In this work, the development of share capital over the past decades is examined and analyzed. The presentation begins with a brief historical description of the development of share capital, where a statutory share capital was first regulated in the Swedish Companies Act in 1895. Originally, the rules regarding share capital aimed to provide stable creditor protection, but over the years, this protection has started to lose its intended function and has been replaced by other societal interests, which are continuously outlined in the essay.

Furthermore, the essay investigates the current significance of share capital in relation to the company's creditors. Moreover, it examines whether the statutory requirement for share capital should be completely abolished, as a considerable number of EU countries have already chosen to do. The reason for this abolition is that these countries have lost confidence in the function of share capital as creditor protection. Even in Swedish doctrine, the size of the minimum requirement is considered arbitrary and largely unnecessary. The comparative analysis in the essay is based on the so-called Centros case from the EU Court of Justice (C-212/97), in which the freedom of establishment within the Union was concretized, and where the Court of Justice also highlighted that restrictions on the right of establishment were and are prohibited for all EU Member States. The outcome of the Centros case has indirectly influenced lawmakers in several EU countries to lower share capital requirements and align themselves with other Member States that already have reduced share capital requirements.

The essay also reveals the different considerations made by Swedish legislators, where the aim has been to provide creditors with their rightful protection against, among other things, liquidity problems, while also providing entrepreneurs with simple tools to start a limited liability company with lower share capital requirements. What can be concluded is that what was once a solid creditor protection has given way to other socio-economic interests and the hope for economic growth in Sweden. Nevertheless, the Swedish legislature has chosen not to fully align itself with the majority of EU Member States, where company law no longer requires a share capital.

In light of the aforementioned issues, this essay presents both the advantages and disadvantages of reduced or abolished share capital, with the aim of trying to determine whether the creditor protection provided by the legislator through share capital rules fails to fulfil its purpose and thus can and should be abolished entirely. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Wihlstrand, Oskar LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20231
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Associationsrätt, Aktiekapital, Aktiekapitalkrav, Borgenärsskydd
language
Swedish
id
9116404
date added to LUP
2023-06-29 13:42:43
date last changed
2023-06-29 13:42:43
@misc{9116404,
  abstract     = {{In this work, the development of share capital over the past decades is examined and analyzed. The presentation begins with a brief historical description of the development of share capital, where a statutory share capital was first regulated in the Swedish Companies Act in 1895. Originally, the rules regarding share capital aimed to provide stable creditor protection, but over the years, this protection has started to lose its intended function and has been replaced by other societal interests, which are continuously outlined in the essay.

Furthermore, the essay investigates the current significance of share capital in relation to the company's creditors. Moreover, it examines whether the statutory requirement for share capital should be completely abolished, as a considerable number of EU countries have already chosen to do. The reason for this abolition is that these countries have lost confidence in the function of share capital as creditor protection. Even in Swedish doctrine, the size of the minimum requirement is considered arbitrary and largely unnecessary. The comparative analysis in the essay is based on the so-called Centros case from the EU Court of Justice (C-212/97), in which the freedom of establishment within the Union was concretized, and where the Court of Justice also highlighted that restrictions on the right of establishment were and are prohibited for all EU Member States. The outcome of the Centros case has indirectly influenced lawmakers in several EU countries to lower share capital requirements and align themselves with other Member States that already have reduced share capital requirements.

The essay also reveals the different considerations made by Swedish legislators, where the aim has been to provide creditors with their rightful protection against, among other things, liquidity problems, while also providing entrepreneurs with simple tools to start a limited liability company with lower share capital requirements. What can be concluded is that what was once a solid creditor protection has given way to other socio-economic interests and the hope for economic growth in Sweden. Nevertheless, the Swedish legislature has chosen not to fully align itself with the majority of EU Member States, where company law no longer requires a share capital.

In light of the aforementioned issues, this essay presents both the advantages and disadvantages of reduced or abolished share capital, with the aim of trying to determine whether the creditor protection provided by the legislator through share capital rules fails to fulfil its purpose and thus can and should be abolished entirely.}},
  author       = {{Wihlstrand, Oskar}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Aktiekapitalkravet i ABL – Ett otillräckligt borgenärsskydd?}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}