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Eftergift trots laga kraft? - En studie av "sakens" betydelse vid tillämpning av 113 kap. 7 § 2 st. SFB

Hultman, Hannes LU (2023) LAGF03 20231
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
The Swedish Social Insurance Agency in Sweden is responsible for paying out social security insurance to individuals. There are times when these payments need to be corrected, and the agency then needs to reclaim the paid-out amounts. Before a repayment claim can be initiated, the Swedish Social Insurance Agency must answer two key questions: Is there a repayment obligation? Is it possible to grant a remission for the amount? If the agency decides not to grant a remission, the repayment obligation is determined by a repayment claim decision, which becomes legally binding within two months. An interesting question that arises when the decision becomes legally binding is the following: Can the individual apply for remission again after the... (More)
The Swedish Social Insurance Agency in Sweden is responsible for paying out social security insurance to individuals. There are times when these payments need to be corrected, and the agency then needs to reclaim the paid-out amounts. Before a repayment claim can be initiated, the Swedish Social Insurance Agency must answer two key questions: Is there a repayment obligation? Is it possible to grant a remission for the amount? If the agency decides not to grant a remission, the repayment obligation is determined by a repayment claim decision, which becomes legally binding within two months. An interesting question that arises when the decision becomes legally binding is the following: Can the individual apply for remission again after the repayment claim decision has become legally binding? The question is interesting because it concerns negative legal force.

When a repayment claim decision becomes legally binding, a specific rule of negative legal force in Chapter 113, article 7, paragraph 2 of the Social Insurance Code (2010:110) is triggered. This provision is unique because it differs from administrative law's general handling of negative legal force issues. The requirement is more similar to the rules of negative legal force in the Code of Judicial Procedure (1942:740) in that it becomes important to determine what constitutes "the matter” at issue. According to Chapter 113, article 7, paragraph 2 of the Social Insurance Code, negative legal force means that the Swedish Social Insurance Agency is prevented from re-examining "the same matter" that has already been examined before. To assess what may be re-examined and what may not be re-examined, the agency thus has to determine what constitutes "the same matter." The question of whether the individual can apply for remission again depends on whether the application concerns the same "matter" or not.

There is no legislation or practice for how "the matter" is determined within administrative law. However, principles have been developed in court practice to determine "the matter." These principles are similar to the theories developed within procedural law, where Olivecrona determines "the matter" based on the course of events, and Ekelöf defines "the matter" based on the legal consequence.

From the Supreme Administrative Court's practice in the field of social security insurance, the majority of cases suggest that "the matter" is determined based on the course of events, which is in line with Olivecrona's theory. Furthermore, there is only one case that specifically dealt with the question of "the matter" in a repayment claim situation, namely RÅ 2010 ref. 1. In this case, the term "course of events" is explicitly used as guidance to determine "the matter." This case is also the most recent in which the Supreme Administrative Court has assessed the question of "the matter" in the field of social security insurance. Given this, I draw the conclusion that the course of events most likely determines "the matter" in a repayment claim situation when applying Chapter 113, article 7, paragraph 2 of the Social Insurance Code. This conclusion implies that it is possible for an individual to apply for and be granted remission, even after the repayment claim decision has become legally binding. This requires, however, that there (i) exist circumstances that can be qualified as special reasons and (ii) that these circumstances were either not known when the matter was first examined or did not occur at the time. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Försäkringskassan i Sverige har som uppdrag att betala ut socialförsäkringar till privatpersoner. Vid tillfällen när dessa utbetalningar blir felaktiga, faller det på Försäkringskassan att kräva tillbaka de utbetalade beloppen. Innan ett återkrav kan aktualiseras måste Försäkringskassan ställa sig två centrala frågor: Finns det en återbetalningsskyldighet? Är det möjligt att bevilja eftergift för beloppet? Om Försäkringskassan beslutar att inte bevilja eftergift, fastställs återbetalningsskyldigheten genom ett återkravsbeslut, vilket vinner laga kraft inom två månader. En intressant fråga som uppstår i samband med att beslutet vinner laga kraft är följande: Kan den enskilde ansöka om eftergift på nytt efter det att återkravsbeslutet vunnit... (More)
Försäkringskassan i Sverige har som uppdrag att betala ut socialförsäkringar till privatpersoner. Vid tillfällen när dessa utbetalningar blir felaktiga, faller det på Försäkringskassan att kräva tillbaka de utbetalade beloppen. Innan ett återkrav kan aktualiseras måste Försäkringskassan ställa sig två centrala frågor: Finns det en återbetalningsskyldighet? Är det möjligt att bevilja eftergift för beloppet? Om Försäkringskassan beslutar att inte bevilja eftergift, fastställs återbetalningsskyldigheten genom ett återkravsbeslut, vilket vinner laga kraft inom två månader. En intressant fråga som uppstår i samband med att beslutet vinner laga kraft är följande: Kan den enskilde ansöka om eftergift på nytt efter det att återkravsbeslutet vunnit laga kraft? Frågan är intressant eftersom den handlar om rättskraft.

När ett återkravsbeslut vinner laga kraft aktualiseras en specifik rättskraftsregel i 113 kap. 7 § 2 st. socialförsäkringsbalken (2010:110) (SFB). Bestämmelsen är speciell eftersom den skiljer sig från den generella hanteringen av rättskraftsfrågor inom förvaltningsrätten. Bestämmelsen liknar istället reglerna om rättskraft i rättegångsbalken (1942:740) (RB) i den meningen att det blir viktigt att avgöra vad som utgör ”saken”. Enligt 113 kap. 7 § 2 st. SFB innebär rättskraften att Försäkringskassan är förhindrad att pröva ”samma sak” som tidigare har prövats. För att bedöma vad som får prövas, och vad som inte får prövas, måste myndigheten således ta ställning till vad som utgör ”samma sak”. Frågan om huruvida den enskilde kan ansöka eftergift på nytt beror på om ansökan angår samma ”sak” eller inte.

Det finns ingen lagstiftning eller praxis för hur "saken" bestäms inom förvaltningsrätten. Däremot har principer utvecklats i domstolspraxis för att bestämma ”saken”. Principerna liknar teorierna som har utvecklats inom allmän processrätt, där Olivecrona bestämmer "saken" baserat på händelseförloppet, och där Ekelöf definierar "saken" utifrån rättsföljden.

Från Högsta förvaltningsdomstolens (HFD) praxis på socialförsäkringsområdet tyder majoriteten av rättsfallen på att "saken" bestäms baserat på händelseförloppet, vilket överensstämmer med Olivecronas teori. Vidare är det endast ett rättsfall som specifikt behandlat frågan om ”saken” i en återkravssituation, nämligen RÅ 2010 ref. 1. I detta rättsfall används termen ”händelseförloppet” uttryckligen som ledning för att bestämma ”saken”. Detta rättsfall är dessutom det senaste då HFD bedömt frågan om ”saken” på socialförsäkringsområdet. Mot bakgrund härav, drar jag slutsatsen, att mest lutar mot att händelseförloppet bestämmer ”saken” i en återkravssituation när 113 kap. 7 § 2 st. SFB. Denna slutsats innebär i sin tur att det är möjligt för en person att ansöka om och få beviljad eftergift, även efter att återkravsbeslutet vunnit laga kraft. Detta kräver dock att det (i) finns omständigheter som kan kvalificeras som särskilda skäl och (ii) att dessa omständigheter antingen inte var kända när saken först prövades, eller inte hade inträffat då. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Hultman, Hannes LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20231
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Förvaltningsrätt, Negativ rättskraft, 113 kap. 7 § 2 st. SFB, Socialrätt, Allmän processrätt, Rättsvetenskap
language
Swedish
id
9116417
date added to LUP
2023-06-29 09:48:52
date last changed
2023-06-29 09:48:52
@misc{9116417,
  abstract     = {{The Swedish Social Insurance Agency in Sweden is responsible for paying out social security insurance to individuals. There are times when these payments need to be corrected, and the agency then needs to reclaim the paid-out amounts. Before a repayment claim can be initiated, the Swedish Social Insurance Agency must answer two key questions: Is there a repayment obligation? Is it possible to grant a remission for the amount? If the agency decides not to grant a remission, the repayment obligation is determined by a repayment claim decision, which becomes legally binding within two months. An interesting question that arises when the decision becomes legally binding is the following: Can the individual apply for remission again after the repayment claim decision has become legally binding? The question is interesting because it concerns negative legal force.

When a repayment claim decision becomes legally binding, a specific rule of negative legal force in Chapter 113, article 7, paragraph 2 of the Social Insurance Code (2010:110) is triggered. This provision is unique because it differs from administrative law's general handling of negative legal force issues. The requirement is more similar to the rules of negative legal force in the Code of Judicial Procedure (1942:740) in that it becomes important to determine what constitutes "the matter” at issue. According to Chapter 113, article 7, paragraph 2 of the Social Insurance Code, negative legal force means that the Swedish Social Insurance Agency is prevented from re-examining "the same matter" that has already been examined before. To assess what may be re-examined and what may not be re-examined, the agency thus has to determine what constitutes "the same matter." The question of whether the individual can apply for remission again depends on whether the application concerns the same "matter" or not.

There is no legislation or practice for how "the matter" is determined within administrative law. However, principles have been developed in court practice to determine "the matter." These principles are similar to the theories developed within procedural law, where Olivecrona determines "the matter" based on the course of events, and Ekelöf defines "the matter" based on the legal consequence.

From the Supreme Administrative Court's practice in the field of social security insurance, the majority of cases suggest that "the matter" is determined based on the course of events, which is in line with Olivecrona's theory. Furthermore, there is only one case that specifically dealt with the question of "the matter" in a repayment claim situation, namely RÅ 2010 ref. 1. In this case, the term "course of events" is explicitly used as guidance to determine "the matter." This case is also the most recent in which the Supreme Administrative Court has assessed the question of "the matter" in the field of social security insurance. Given this, I draw the conclusion that the course of events most likely determines "the matter" in a repayment claim situation when applying Chapter 113, article 7, paragraph 2 of the Social Insurance Code. This conclusion implies that it is possible for an individual to apply for and be granted remission, even after the repayment claim decision has become legally binding. This requires, however, that there (i) exist circumstances that can be qualified as special reasons and (ii) that these circumstances were either not known when the matter was first examined or did not occur at the time.}},
  author       = {{Hultman, Hannes}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Eftergift trots laga kraft? - En studie av "sakens" betydelse vid tillämpning av 113 kap. 7 § 2 st. SFB}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}