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Har jag jobbat gratis? - Om entreprenörens möjlighet att få sina forceringskostnader ersatta av beställaren

Duran, Betül LU (2023) JURM02 20231
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
There are various circumstances that can lead to a contractor is unable to perform the work within the agreed time. Some circumstances can justify the contractor to perform the work later than the agreed time. The contracting par-ties usually going with an agreement to gets the contractor to perform the work in time. That is why it is very important for the contractor and client to end the contract within time or with a very minimal variation. The enforcement provision has been introduced in AB agreement that drives both parts to stay in the time frame. The enforcement stays for every action the contractor takes to avoid any extension of agreed time frame.

First paragraph in 4:6 AB 04 contains a right for the client to impose the... (More)
There are various circumstances that can lead to a contractor is unable to perform the work within the agreed time. Some circumstances can justify the contractor to perform the work later than the agreed time. The contracting par-ties usually going with an agreement to gets the contractor to perform the work in time. That is why it is very important for the contractor and client to end the contract within time or with a very minimal variation. The enforcement provision has been introduced in AB agreement that drives both parts to stay in the time frame. The enforcement stays for every action the contractor takes to avoid any extension of agreed time frame.

First paragraph in 4:6 AB 04 contains a right for the client to impose the contractor to take coercive measures when there is a time extension basis for the contractor. However, this right is unrestricted, and the contractor can be forced to take acceleration measures unless it causes the contractor a significant inconvenience. Moreover, it appears that when the client has made his order in writing, the contractor should initiate the acceleration measures.

There is no provision in AB 04 which provides that the contractor, performed the acceleration measures without any written order loses his right to acceleration compensation. By using the interpretation developed by HD for construction contracts while interpreting the requirement in writing, speaks against the contractor losing the right to forced compensation. The main reason of writing requirements is to allow client to have a control over the price he must pay. That is why the writing requirements in first paragraph should considered as a validation requirement and thus lead to contractor losing the right to forced compensation in the event of non-delivery of a written order.

The second paragraph of 4:6 AB 04 contains a freedom for the contractor to take coercive measures at the client's expense if the client has rejected his claim for a time extension. In such cases, forced compensation is issued as a starting point when it turns out that the contractor is entitled to compensation. In the third paragraph 4:6 AB 04 there is a notification requirement for the contractor who wants to take forced compensation as a result of the client rejecting the contractor's claim for forced compensation. According to this pro-vision, it is required that before the contractor starts forcing, he must provide a notice to the client that he is to take forcing measures and specify forcing costs. If the client does not want to pay enforcement costs, he has the option to stop the contractor from forcing at the client's expense by granting the contractor a time extension. Even in this case, there is no provision stipulating that the contractor loses the right to forced compensation if he has not notified the client. When applying the various steps in HD's interpretation method, the wording and the system, among other things, speak against the notification requirement being decisive for the right to compensation, but the contractor should continue to have the right to have his enforcement costs reimbursed by the client. The purpose of this provision can be considered to be to give the client a last opportunity to decide whether he wants forcing and paying for it or he accepts that the contract is completed later. When weighing up all other interpretive factors, the notification requirement should be considered to constitute a validity requirement and thus lead to the contractor losing the right to compensation if he has not notified the client. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Det finns många olika omständigheter som kan leda till att en entreprenör inte kan utföra sitt arbete i den avtalade tiden. Vissa omständigheter berättigar entreprenören att utföra sitt arbete vid en senare tid än den avtalade tiden. Avtalsparterna ingår ofta andra avtal med tanke på att entreprenaden ska vara klar vid den avtalade tiden. Därför kan det vara särskilt viktigt för både entreprenören och beställaren att avtalet ska avvecklas vid den avtalade tiden eller med så minimal tidsförlängning som möjligt. På grund av detta har forceringsbestämmelsen införts i AB- avtalen som skapar möjlighet för parterna att hålla de avtalade tider. Begreppet forcering står för alla åtgärder som en entreprenör kan vidta för att motverka en förlängning... (More)
Det finns många olika omständigheter som kan leda till att en entreprenör inte kan utföra sitt arbete i den avtalade tiden. Vissa omständigheter berättigar entreprenören att utföra sitt arbete vid en senare tid än den avtalade tiden. Avtalsparterna ingår ofta andra avtal med tanke på att entreprenaden ska vara klar vid den avtalade tiden. Därför kan det vara särskilt viktigt för både entreprenören och beställaren att avtalet ska avvecklas vid den avtalade tiden eller med så minimal tidsförlängning som möjligt. På grund av detta har forceringsbestämmelsen införts i AB- avtalen som skapar möjlighet för parterna att hålla de avtalade tider. Begreppet forcering står för alla åtgärder som en entreprenör kan vidta för att motverka en förlängning av den avtalade tiden.

Första stycket i 4:6 AB 04 innehåller en rättighet för beställaren att ålägga entreprenören vidta forceringsåtgärder när det finns tidsförlängningsgrund för entreprenören. Denna rättighet är inte obegränsad utan entreprenören kan tvingas till att vidta forceringsåtgärder såvida det inte skapar en väsentlig olägenhet för entreprenören. Dessutom föreskriver bestämmelsen att entreprenören ska sätta i gång forceringsåtgärderna när beställaren har gjort sin beställning skriftligen. I AB 04 finns ingen bestämmelse som föreskriver att entreprenören, som har utfört forceringsåtgärder utan skriftlig beställning, förlorar sin rätt till forceringsersättning. När man tolkar skriftlighetkravet med hjälp av den tolkningsmetod HD har utvecklat för entreprenadavtal i sin praxis finns det tolkningsfaktorer, såsom ordalydelsen i bestämmelsen, som talar mot att entreprenören ska gå miste till rätten till forceringsersättning. Men syftet med skriftlighetskrav i entreprenadavtal är att beställaren ska ha en kontroll över priset han ska betala därför bör skriftlighetskravet i första stycket 4:6 AB 04 anses som ett giltighetskrav och därmed leda till att entreprenören går miste till rätt till forceringsersättning vid utebliven skriftlig beställning.

Andra stycket i 4:6 AB 04 innehåller en frihet för entreprenören att vidta forceringsåtgärder på beställarens bekostnad om beställaren har avvisat hans anspråk på tidsförlängning. I sådana fall utgår forceringsersättning som utgångspunkt när det visar sig att entreprenören faktiskt är berättigad till ersättning. I tredje stycket 4:6 AB 04 finns ett underrättelsekrav för entreprenören som vill vidta forceringsersättning till följd av att beställaren avvisad entreprenören anspråk på forceringsersättning. Enligt denna bestämmelse krävs det att innan entreprenören börjar forcera ska han ska lämna en underrättelse till beställaren om att han ska vidta forceringsåtgärder samt ange forceringskostnader. Om beställaren inte vill betala forceringskostnader har han möjlighet att stoppa entreprenören att forcera på beställarens bekostnad genom att bevilja entreprenören tidsförlängning. Även i detta fall finns ingen bestämmelse som föreskriver att entreprenören förlorar rätten till forceringsersättning om han inte har underrättat beställaren. När man tillämpar de olika stegen i HD:s tolkningsmetod talar bland annat ordalydelse och systematiken mot att underrättelsekravet ska vara avgörande för rätten till ersättning utan entreprenören ska fortsatt ha rätt att få sina forceringskostnader ersatt av beställaren. Syftet med denna bestämmelse kan anses vara att ge beställaren en sista möjlighet att avgöra om han vill forcering och betala för det eller han godtar att entreprenaden färdigställs senare. Vid en sammanvägning av alla andra tolkningsfaktorer bör underrättelsekravet anses utgöra ett giltighetskrav och därmed leda till att entreprenören förlorar rätten till ersättning om han inte har underrättat beställaren. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Duran, Betül LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Have I worked for free? - On the contractor's ability to recover its acceleration costs from the client
course
JURM02 20231
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Entreprenadrätt (Construction law), Civilrätt (private law)
language
Swedish
id
9116474
date added to LUP
2023-06-15 11:21:15
date last changed
2023-06-15 11:21:15
@misc{9116474,
  abstract     = {{There are various circumstances that can lead to a contractor is unable to perform the work within the agreed time. Some circumstances can justify the contractor to perform the work later than the agreed time. The contracting par-ties usually going with an agreement to gets the contractor to perform the work in time. That is why it is very important for the contractor and client to end the contract within time or with a very minimal variation. The enforcement provision has been introduced in AB agreement that drives both parts to stay in the time frame. The enforcement stays for every action the contractor takes to avoid any extension of agreed time frame. 

First paragraph in 4:6 AB 04 contains a right for the client to impose the contractor to take coercive measures when there is a time extension basis for the contractor. However, this right is unrestricted, and the contractor can be forced to take acceleration measures unless it causes the contractor a significant inconvenience. Moreover, it appears that when the client has made his order in writing, the contractor should initiate the acceleration measures. 

There is no provision in AB 04 which provides that the contractor, performed the acceleration measures without any written order loses his right to acceleration compensation. By using the interpretation developed by HD for construction contracts while interpreting the requirement in writing, speaks against the contractor losing the right to forced compensation. The main reason of writing requirements is to allow client to have a control over the price he must pay. That is why the writing requirements in first paragraph should considered as a validation requirement and thus lead to contractor losing the right to forced compensation in the event of non-delivery of a written order. 

The second paragraph of 4:6 AB 04 contains a freedom for the contractor to take coercive measures at the client's expense if the client has rejected his claim for a time extension. In such cases, forced compensation is issued as a starting point when it turns out that the contractor is entitled to compensation. In the third paragraph 4:6 AB 04 there is a notification requirement for the contractor who wants to take forced compensation as a result of the client rejecting the contractor's claim for forced compensation. According to this pro-vision, it is required that before the contractor starts forcing, he must provide a notice to the client that he is to take forcing measures and specify forcing costs. If the client does not want to pay enforcement costs, he has the option to stop the contractor from forcing at the client's expense by granting the contractor a time extension. Even in this case, there is no provision stipulating that the contractor loses the right to forced compensation if he has not notified the client. When applying the various steps in HD's interpretation method, the wording and the system, among other things, speak against the notification requirement being decisive for the right to compensation, but the contractor should continue to have the right to have his enforcement costs reimbursed by the client. The purpose of this provision can be considered to be to give the client a last opportunity to decide whether he wants forcing and paying for it or he accepts that the contract is completed later. When weighing up all other interpretive factors, the notification requirement should be considered to constitute a validity requirement and thus lead to the contractor losing the right to compensation if he has not notified the client.}},
  author       = {{Duran, Betül}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Har jag jobbat gratis? - Om entreprenörens möjlighet att få sina forceringskostnader ersatta av beställaren}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}