Åtgärder för energieffektivisering av vanliga småhus - En teoretisk fallstudie av en 70-talsvilla
(2023) In TVBH-5000 VBFL05 20231Division of Building Physics
- Abstract
- The construction and service sector currently accounts for over one-third of Sweden's total energy consumption. Energy issues are at the forefront, and society is striving for more sustainable development. At the same time, electricity prices are increasing, leaving many households with expensive bills for heating their houses.
A significant portion of Sweden's houses were built during the later period of the Million Programme, specifically the 1970s, with 436,000 small houses being built within a span of 10 years. Many of these houses do not meet today's standards or requirements regarding energy efficiency, as a significant amount of energy was lost through transmission and ventilation. Given that many of these houses are already in... (More) - The construction and service sector currently accounts for over one-third of Sweden's total energy consumption. Energy issues are at the forefront, and society is striving for more sustainable development. At the same time, electricity prices are increasing, leaving many households with expensive bills for heating their houses.
A significant portion of Sweden's houses were built during the later period of the Million Programme, specifically the 1970s, with 436,000 small houses being built within a span of 10 years. Many of these houses do not meet today's standards or requirements regarding energy efficiency, as a significant amount of energy was lost through transmission and ventilation. Given that many of these houses are already in need of renovation due to aging, it provided an opportunity to implement energy efficiency measures simultaneously. The aim of this work is to provide professionals and private individuals with knowledge on how they can invest in energy efficiency measures for their houses.
Through a literature review, a typical 1970s small house was developed for this study. Relevant energy efficiency measures were identified for the building envelope, heating and ventilation system, and the potential for self-generated energy. The developed prototype house was simulated using VIP-Energy, and each measure was studied in the cities of Malmö, Stockholm, and Sundsvall. The simulation results provided the amount of energy saved in kWh/m2 per year. To determine the most cost-effective measures based on energy savings, an approximation of the economic aspect was conducted. The analysis yielded investment costs, payback periods, and savings over 1, 10, and 50 years. To investigate whether private individuals implemented cost- and energy-efficient measures in their small houses, a quantitative survey in the form of a questionnaire was conducted.
The results showed that the measures that resulted in the most significant reduction in energy consumption were window and door replacements, installing some form of heat pump, and installing an exhaust air heat pump. These were also the measures that provided the highest long-term savings for the house. For self-generated energy, solar thermal collectors reduced the house's energy consumption the most. However, it was solar panels that provided the greatest long-term financial savings. One of the conclusions drawn was that the cost of local electricity prices greatly influenced the profitability of energy efficiency measures for households. The survey responses showed that private individuals chose the correct measures for their small houses in terms of energy efficiency and long-term economic viability. The exception was the ventilation system, where private individuals chose the measure with the lowest investment cost.
The results are beneficial for both private individuals and professionals. Providing the right conditions for individuals to make informed choices not only benefits household finances but also society as a whole. If all households reduce their energy consumption, it collectively contributes to lowering Sweden's overall energy usage, bringing us one step closer to sustainable development. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- Bygg- och servicesektorn står idag för mer än en tredjedel av Sveriges totala energianvändning. Energifrågan ligger i fokus och samhället strävar efter en mer hållbar utveckling. Samtidigt ökar elpriserna vilket lämnar många hushåll med dyra räkningar för uppvärmning av sina småhus.
En stor del av Sveriges småhus byggdes under 70-talet i samband med miljonprogrammet. Villabyggandet var som mest intensivt under miljonprogrammets senare period, och på 10 år hann 436 000 småhus uppföras. En stor del av dessa hus upfyller inte dagens normer eller krav avseende energianvändning då en stor del av energin försvinner genom transmissions- och ventilationsförluster. Många av husen är i behov av renovering på grund av åldrande, vilket... (More) - Bygg- och servicesektorn står idag för mer än en tredjedel av Sveriges totala energianvändning. Energifrågan ligger i fokus och samhället strävar efter en mer hållbar utveckling. Samtidigt ökar elpriserna vilket lämnar många hushåll med dyra räkningar för uppvärmning av sina småhus.
En stor del av Sveriges småhus byggdes under 70-talet i samband med miljonprogrammet. Villabyggandet var som mest intensivt under miljonprogrammets senare period, och på 10 år hann 436 000 småhus uppföras. En stor del av dessa hus upfyller inte dagens normer eller krav avseende energianvändning då en stor del av energin försvinner genom transmissions- och ventilationsförluster. Många av husen är i behov av renovering på grund av åldrande, vilket möjliggjorde att samtidigt utföra energieffektiviserande åtgärder. Syftet med arbetet är att låta yrkes- och privatpersoner ta del av kunskapen om hur de kan investera i energieffektiviseringsåtgärder för sina hus.
Ett tidstypiskt 1970-tals småhus togs fram genom en litteraturstudie. Relevanta åtgärder på klimatskalet, uppvärmnings- och ventilationssystemet samt möjligheten till egenproducerad energi togs fram. Det framtagna typhuset simulerades i VIP-Energy och respektive åtgärd studerades i orterna Malmö, Stockholm och Sundsvall. Resultatet från simuleringen gav svaret besparad energi i kWh/m2,år. För att besvara vilka åtgärder som var mest kostnadseffektiva utifrån sparad energi utfördes en approximation av den ekonomiska aspekten. Resultatet av analysen besvarade investeringskostnad, återbetalningstid och besparing på 1, 10 respektive 50 år. För att undersöka om privatpersonen utförde rätt kostnads- och energieffektiva åtgärder på sina småhus utfördes en kvantitativ undersökning i form av ett formulär.
Resultatet visade att åtgärden som sänkte energianvändningen mest var att byta fönster och dörrar, installera någon form av värmepump och installera en frånluftsvärmepump. Det var även de åtgärder som gav störst besparing på huset i långa loppet. För egenproducerad energi sänkte solfångare husets energianvändning mest. Däremot var det solceller som gav störst besparing ekonomiskt i det långa loppet. En av slutsatserna som kunde dras var att kostnaden av det lokala elpriset styrde till större del lönsamheten i att energieffektivisera sitt hem. Genom en enkätundersökning angående vilka åtgärder privatpersoner utför idag visade den att privatpersoner valde rätt åtgärder på sina småhus när det kom till vad som var mest energieffektiviserande och ekonomiskt lönsamt i det långa loppet. Undantaget var ventilationssystemet då privatpersoner valde den åtgärd med lägst investeringskostnad.
Resultaten är till nytta för privatpersoner såväl som yrkesverksamma. Ges rätt förutsättningar till privatpersoner att göra rätt val gynnas inte bara hushållens ekonomi utan även samhället i sig. Sänker alla hushåll sin energianvändning hjälper de tillsammans till att sänka Sveriges sammanlagda energianvändning. Vilket gör oss ett steg närmare en hållbar utveckling. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9127376
- author
- Moberg, Elin LU and Lugnegård, Oscar
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- VBFL05 20231
- year
- 2023
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- 70-tal, Renovering, VIP-Energy, Energi
- publication/series
- TVBH-5000
- report number
- TVBH-5129
- other publication id
- ISRN LUTVDG/TVBH—23/5129—SE(118)
- language
- Swedish
- additional info
- Examinator: Karin Farsäter
- id
- 9127376
- date added to LUP
- 2023-06-21 10:59:47
- date last changed
- 2023-06-21 10:59:47
@misc{9127376,
abstract = {{The construction and service sector currently accounts for over one-third of Sweden's total energy consumption. Energy issues are at the forefront, and society is striving for more sustainable development. At the same time, electricity prices are increasing, leaving many households with expensive bills for heating their houses.
A significant portion of Sweden's houses were built during the later period of the Million Programme, specifically the 1970s, with 436,000 small houses being built within a span of 10 years. Many of these houses do not meet today's standards or requirements regarding energy efficiency, as a significant amount of energy was lost through transmission and ventilation. Given that many of these houses are already in need of renovation due to aging, it provided an opportunity to implement energy efficiency measures simultaneously. The aim of this work is to provide professionals and private individuals with knowledge on how they can invest in energy efficiency measures for their houses.
Through a literature review, a typical 1970s small house was developed for this study. Relevant energy efficiency measures were identified for the building envelope, heating and ventilation system, and the potential for self-generated energy. The developed prototype house was simulated using VIP-Energy, and each measure was studied in the cities of Malmö, Stockholm, and Sundsvall. The simulation results provided the amount of energy saved in kWh/m2 per year. To determine the most cost-effective measures based on energy savings, an approximation of the economic aspect was conducted. The analysis yielded investment costs, payback periods, and savings over 1, 10, and 50 years. To investigate whether private individuals implemented cost- and energy-efficient measures in their small houses, a quantitative survey in the form of a questionnaire was conducted.
The results showed that the measures that resulted in the most significant reduction in energy consumption were window and door replacements, installing some form of heat pump, and installing an exhaust air heat pump. These were also the measures that provided the highest long-term savings for the house. For self-generated energy, solar thermal collectors reduced the house's energy consumption the most. However, it was solar panels that provided the greatest long-term financial savings. One of the conclusions drawn was that the cost of local electricity prices greatly influenced the profitability of energy efficiency measures for households. The survey responses showed that private individuals chose the correct measures for their small houses in terms of energy efficiency and long-term economic viability. The exception was the ventilation system, where private individuals chose the measure with the lowest investment cost.
The results are beneficial for both private individuals and professionals. Providing the right conditions for individuals to make informed choices not only benefits household finances but also society as a whole. If all households reduce their energy consumption, it collectively contributes to lowering Sweden's overall energy usage, bringing us one step closer to sustainable development.}},
author = {{Moberg, Elin and Lugnegård, Oscar}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
series = {{TVBH-5000}},
title = {{Åtgärder för energieffektivisering av vanliga småhus - En teoretisk fallstudie av en 70-talsvilla}},
year = {{2023}},
}