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Inomhusklimat för simulering av hög boendetäthet i flerbostadshus

Linderholt, Linn LU and Persson, Lovisa LU (2023) In TVBH—5000 VBFL05 20231
Division of Building Physics
Abstract
In recent years overcrowding has decreased in European countries, but in Sweden overcrowding has increased, especially in the big cities. There is an ongoing problem in Swedish society regarding overcrowding that needs to be further investigated, and how these accommodations affect the design of the buildings they live in.
Today, the indoor climate can be simulated in computer programmes such as WUFI Plus and IDA-ICE with the help of available profiles, which can be used to simulate how the indoor air affects the structure. At most, the available profiles reflect the impact of a household of four people. Since studies where existing profiles are multiplied (upscaled) to correspond to a household with more people do not consider the... (More)
In recent years overcrowding has decreased in European countries, but in Sweden overcrowding has increased, especially in the big cities. There is an ongoing problem in Swedish society regarding overcrowding that needs to be further investigated, and how these accommodations affect the design of the buildings they live in.
Today, the indoor climate can be simulated in computer programmes such as WUFI Plus and IDA-ICE with the help of available profiles, which can be used to simulate how the indoor air affects the structure. At most, the available profiles reflect the impact of a household of four people. Since studies where existing profiles are multiplied (upscaled) to correspond to a household with more people do not consider the results reasonable, a need emerged to develop profiles and production diagrams representing households larger than four.
The aim of this study is to produce realistic profiles of overcrowded households, including graphs of how much carbon dioxide, moisture and heat they generate on an hourly basis for a typical day. These can later be used in the future to simulate the impact of housing on construction.
This report is based on literature studies in different stages. Firstly, a literature study on overcrowding, the size of a typical overcrowded home and how they generally live. This was followed by an investigation into typical behaviors, assets and sources to create a schedule of their activities, including the resulting carbon dioxide, moisture and heat loads. This together creates what is called a persona. The next stage is to conduct a new literature study to produce values for the carbon dioxide, moisture and heat production that occurs through these activities in the personas. The values together with the personas can then create diagrams in Excel that show graphically what the loads look like during a day and creates what is called load profiles.
The result of this study was three personas representing different sizes of households. Each household then has four associated load profiles for carbon dioxide, moisture and heat in the form of radiation and convection. The three personas represent weekday households where the members are cohabiting parents with three, four and five children. They live in a 70m2 apartment, leaving between 08.00-16.00, cooks two meals, have a dishwasher and shower at least twice daily. The daily carbon dioxide/moisture/heat production is 1950g/13219g/12836W (summed up effect), for five people, 2293g/14841g/14042W (summed up effect) for six and 2638g/16431g/15384W (summed up effect) for seven.
From this study, the importance of using a customized persona and load profile has shown clearly. As the amplified load profiles have high peaks during short time intervals, to then have very low carbon dioxide, moisture and heat generations the rest of the time, being a household with so many members. The customized load profiles have instead a more widespread load and show that load occurs throughout the day. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Under de senaste åren har trångboddheten minskat i de europeiska länderna, men i Sverige har trångboddheten istället ökat, framförallt i storstäderna. Det finns ett stående problem i det svenska samhället gällande trångboddhet som måste undersökas vidare, och hur dessa boenden påverkar konstruktionen av byggnaderna de bor i.
Idag kan inomhusklimatet simuleras i datorprogram som WUFI Plus och IDA-ICE med hjälp av färdiga profiler, och med dessa kan det i sin tur simuleras hur luften påverkar konstruktionen. Dessa profiler finns bara upp till ett hushåll på fyra personer. Då studier där befintliga lastprofiler multipliceras (skalas upp) för att motsvara ett hushåll med fler inte anser att resultaten verkade rimliga, framkom ett behov av att... (More)
Under de senaste åren har trångboddheten minskat i de europeiska länderna, men i Sverige har trångboddheten istället ökat, framförallt i storstäderna. Det finns ett stående problem i det svenska samhället gällande trångboddhet som måste undersökas vidare, och hur dessa boenden påverkar konstruktionen av byggnaderna de bor i.
Idag kan inomhusklimatet simuleras i datorprogram som WUFI Plus och IDA-ICE med hjälp av färdiga profiler, och med dessa kan det i sin tur simuleras hur luften påverkar konstruktionen. Dessa profiler finns bara upp till ett hushåll på fyra personer. Då studier där befintliga lastprofiler multipliceras (skalas upp) för att motsvara ett hushåll med fler inte anser att resultaten verkade rimliga, framkom ett behov av att ta fram profiler och produktionsdiagram som representerar hushåll större än fyra.
Syftet med denna undersökning är att ta fram realistiska profiler för trångbodda hushåll, innehållande diagram för hur mycket koldioxid, fukt och värme de genererar på timbasis över en typisk vardag. Dessa kan senare användas i framtiden för att simulera hur boendet påverkar konstruktionen.
Denna rapport bygger på litteraturstudier i olika etapper. Först en litteraturstudie om trångboddhet, hur stort ett typiskt trångbott boende är och hur de generellt bor. Därefter undersöktes hur deras beteenden, tillgångar och källor ser ut. Detta för att kartlägga vad de gör om dagarna och kunna skapa ett tidsschema för vilka aktiviteter de utför, när de utför dem och vilka koldioxid, fukt och värmekällor som används. Detta tillsammans skapar det som kallas en persona. Nästa etapp blir att genomföra en ny litteraturstudie för att ta fram värden för koldioxid-, fukt- och värmeproduktionen som sker genom dessa aktiviteter angivna i personan. Värdena tillsammans med personan kan sedan skapa diagram i Excel som visar grafiskt hur belastningarna ser ut under ett dygn och skapar då lastprofiler.
Resultatet från denna studie blev tre personor på hushåll av olika storlekar, varje hushåll har sedan fyra tillhörande lastprofiler för koldioxid, fukt samt värme i form av strålning och konvektion. De tre personorna representerar hushåll under en vardag där hushållsmedlemmarna är sammanboende föräldrar med tre, fyra och fem barn. De bor i en lägenhet på 70m2, samtliga ute ur bostaden mellan klockan 08.00-16.00. De lagar två mål om dagen, de har en diskmaskin och duschar minst två gånger totalt under dagen. Den dagliga koldioxid-/fukt-/värmeproduktionen är på 1950g/13219g/12836W (summerad effekt) för fem personer, 2293g/14841g/14042W (summerad effekt) för sex personer och 2638g/16431g/15384W (summerad effekt) för sju personer.
Utifrån denna studie har det framkommit vikten av att nyttja en anpassad persona och lastprofil vid framtida simuleringar då de uppskalade lastprofilerna får höga toppar under korta tidsintervall. För att sedan ha väldigt låga koldioxid, fukt och värmegenereringar resterande del av tiden, för att vara ett hushåll med så många medlemmar. De anpassade lastprofilerna har istället en mer utbredd last och visar att belastning sker under hela dygnet. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Linderholt, Linn LU and Persson, Lovisa LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Indoor climate for the simulation of high residential density in apartment buildings
course
VBFL05 20231
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Trångbodd, inomhusklimat, lägenhet, koldioxidproduktion, värmeproduktion, fuktproduktion
publication/series
TVBH—5000
report number
TVBH-5126
other publication id
ISRN LUTVDG/ TVBH—23/5126—SE(79)
language
Swedish
additional info
Examinator: Dennis Johansson
id
9127410
date added to LUP
2023-06-21 14:48:21
date last changed
2023-06-21 14:48:21
@misc{9127410,
  abstract     = {{In recent years overcrowding has decreased in European countries, but in Sweden overcrowding has increased, especially in the big cities. There is an ongoing problem in Swedish society regarding overcrowding that needs to be further investigated, and how these accommodations affect the design of the buildings they live in.
Today, the indoor climate can be simulated in computer programmes such as WUFI Plus and IDA-ICE with the help of available profiles, which can be used to simulate how the indoor air affects the structure. At most, the available profiles reflect the impact of a household of four people. Since studies where existing profiles are multiplied (upscaled) to correspond to a household with more people do not consider the results reasonable, a need emerged to develop profiles and production diagrams representing households larger than four.
The aim of this study is to produce realistic profiles of overcrowded households, including graphs of how much carbon dioxide, moisture and heat they generate on an hourly basis for a typical day. These can later be used in the future to simulate the impact of housing on construction.
This report is based on literature studies in different stages. Firstly, a literature study on overcrowding, the size of a typical overcrowded home and how they generally live. This was followed by an investigation into typical behaviors, assets and sources to create a schedule of their activities, including the resulting carbon dioxide, moisture and heat loads. This together creates what is called a persona. The next stage is to conduct a new literature study to produce values for the carbon dioxide, moisture and heat production that occurs through these activities in the personas. The values together with the personas can then create diagrams in Excel that show graphically what the loads look like during a day and creates what is called load profiles.
The result of this study was three personas representing different sizes of households. Each household then has four associated load profiles for carbon dioxide, moisture and heat in the form of radiation and convection. The three personas represent weekday households where the members are cohabiting parents with three, four and five children. They live in a 70m2 apartment, leaving between 08.00-16.00, cooks two meals, have a dishwasher and shower at least twice daily. The daily carbon dioxide/moisture/heat production is 1950g/13219g/12836W (summed up effect), for five people, 2293g/14841g/14042W (summed up effect) for six and 2638g/16431g/15384W (summed up effect) for seven.
From this study, the importance of using a customized persona and load profile has shown clearly. As the amplified load profiles have high peaks during short time intervals, to then have very low carbon dioxide, moisture and heat generations the rest of the time, being a household with so many members. The customized load profiles have instead a more widespread load and show that load occurs throughout the day.}},
  author       = {{Linderholt, Linn and Persson, Lovisa}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  series       = {{TVBH—5000}},
  title        = {{Inomhusklimat för simulering av hög boendetäthet i flerbostadshus}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}