Study of the immunological response from an OMV-based vaccine using ELISA
(2023) KIMM05 20231Department of Immunotechnology
- Abstract
- Escherichia coli (E. coli) can cause disease in both humans and animals. For poultry, avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is a common problem. Even birds living in apparently healthy flocks die from infections caused by E. coli. To help increase the health of poultry a new aerosol vaccine formulation based on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from E. coli was evaluated using ELISA to compare the amount of specific antibodies before and after vaccination. Two different trials, with different test animals, were conducted, before and after vaccination, with blood samples collected twice for each bird. Serum, containing antibodies from the blood, was then tested in an indirect ELISA with the OMVs from the vaccine formulation acting as the antigen.... (More)
- Escherichia coli (E. coli) can cause disease in both humans and animals. For poultry, avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is a common problem. Even birds living in apparently healthy flocks die from infections caused by E. coli. To help increase the health of poultry a new aerosol vaccine formulation based on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from E. coli was evaluated using ELISA to compare the amount of specific antibodies before and after vaccination. Two different trials, with different test animals, were conducted, before and after vaccination, with blood samples collected twice for each bird. Serum, containing antibodies from the blood, was then tested in an indirect ELISA with the OMVs from the vaccine formulation acting as the antigen. Three different aerosol doses as well as one intramuscular injection based on the same antigen were in total tested in the two separate trials. Different dilution factors of the serum were also tested to optimize the ELISA protocol. For the fall trial a dilution factor of 1:100 gave the highest signals, with the birds vaccinated through intramuscular injection showing the highest amount of specific antibodies. In the winter trial a dilution factor of 1:50 gave the highest signal. There was no clear conclusion regarding which aerosol dose gave the highest amount of specific antibodies. (Less)
- Popular Abstract
- Investigating antibodies from blood serum after vaccinating hens
Effective vaccines could be a solution to the global problem with antimicrobial resistance. Innovative ideas and new methods are important factors when creating vaccines for the future.
Antibiotics were a ground-breaking scientific achievement when they entered the medical field during the 20th century. Since then however, antimicrobial resistance, abbreviated AMR, has become a serious global problem. This is partly due to that the same type of antibiotics are used for both humans and animals and partly due to the vast use of antibiotics. They should of course be used when necessary but today antibiotics are often used in excess. One way of stopping this is to further... (More) - Investigating antibodies from blood serum after vaccinating hens
Effective vaccines could be a solution to the global problem with antimicrobial resistance. Innovative ideas and new methods are important factors when creating vaccines for the future.
Antibiotics were a ground-breaking scientific achievement when they entered the medical field during the 20th century. Since then however, antimicrobial resistance, abbreviated AMR, has become a serious global problem. This is partly due to that the same type of antibiotics are used for both humans and animals and partly due to the vast use of antibiotics. They should of course be used when necessary but today antibiotics are often used in excess. One way of stopping this is to further utilize another of the medical field’s great achievements, namely vaccination. Through vaccination the body’s own immune system can help fight bacterial infections very efficiently and antibiotics are no longer needed in as large amounts.
One of the most common bacteria is Escherichia coli, or short E. coli, and these bacteria can cause disease in both humans and animals. In this report, the focus has been on hens and a particular type of E. coli that greatly affects them, called avian pathogenic E. coli, or APEC for short. A new vaccine formulation based on this type of E. coli was used to vaccinate birds. Unlike most vaccines used for humans this vaccine was administered as an aerosol. Another interesting thing with the vaccine formulation is that it is based on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). OMVs are small, round particles that can simply be described as tiny versions of the bacteria. The big difference between OMVs and the bacteria is that the bacteria is alive while the OMVs are not. Thus, the OMVs cannot replicate, and mainly mimics the outside of the bacteria.
The goal of vaccination is to teach the immune system how to defeat the invading bacteria or virus. One of the most important ways the immune system does that is through antibodies. One important job for the antibodies is to bind to the invading pathogen and act as a sort of signal to other cells in the immune system. To test if a vaccine is effective one can investigate if antibodies have been created as a result of vaccination. In this report, blood samples were taken from birds which had been vaccinated as well as from birds who had not been vaccinated. These blood samples were then tested to see if they contained any antibodies as a response to the vaccination. When comparing the birds that had been vaccinated with those who had not been, it could be seen that the birds who had been vaccinated had a higher level of specific antibodies.
The next step would be to see if birds who are vaccinated gets as sick as those who are not vaccinated. Through the experiments in this report, we know that antibodies develop after vaccination but we don’t know if they are functional. If the antibodies are good at their job, the vaccinated birds would not get sick while the unvaccinated birds would. It would also be interesting to see if the protection from the vaccination can be transferred to the offspring of the hens. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9131168
- author
- Lindberg, Matilda LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- KIMM05 20231
- year
- 2023
- type
- H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
- subject
- keywords
- Immunology, antibodies, vaccine, ELISA
- language
- English
- id
- 9131168
- date added to LUP
- 2023-06-30 09:26:31
- date last changed
- 2023-06-30 09:26:44
@misc{9131168,
abstract = {{Escherichia coli (E. coli) can cause disease in both humans and animals. For poultry, avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is a common problem. Even birds living in apparently healthy flocks die from infections caused by E. coli. To help increase the health of poultry a new aerosol vaccine formulation based on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from E. coli was evaluated using ELISA to compare the amount of specific antibodies before and after vaccination. Two different trials, with different test animals, were conducted, before and after vaccination, with blood samples collected twice for each bird. Serum, containing antibodies from the blood, was then tested in an indirect ELISA with the OMVs from the vaccine formulation acting as the antigen. Three different aerosol doses as well as one intramuscular injection based on the same antigen were in total tested in the two separate trials. Different dilution factors of the serum were also tested to optimize the ELISA protocol. For the fall trial a dilution factor of 1:100 gave the highest signals, with the birds vaccinated through intramuscular injection showing the highest amount of specific antibodies. In the winter trial a dilution factor of 1:50 gave the highest signal. There was no clear conclusion regarding which aerosol dose gave the highest amount of specific antibodies.}},
author = {{Lindberg, Matilda}},
language = {{eng}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Study of the immunological response from an OMV-based vaccine using ELISA}},
year = {{2023}},
}