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Äktenskapets oundvikliga upplösning - betydelsen av att planera inför framtiden

Holm Stenbeck, Johanna LU (2023) JURM02 20232
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Med äktenskapet följer en ekonomisk gemenskap mellan makar i form av giftorätt. När äktenskapet upphör, genom död eller skilsmässa, ska den ekonomiska gemenskapen makarna emellan upplösas. Avtalsfriheten mellan makar är omfattande. Äktenskapsbalkens bodelningsregler, där likadelning utgör en grundläggande princip, sätter annars en yttre ram. Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka arvs- och bodelningsreglerna i nationell rätt samt makars behov och olika möjligheter att planera inför äktenskapets upplösning.

Familjerättsliga regler är av stor praktisk betydelse för många. Av denna anledning har en äktenskapslagstiftning med enkelt utformade regler varit en tydligt uttalad målsättning från lagstiftarens sida. Det har ansetts vara av stor... (More)
Med äktenskapet följer en ekonomisk gemenskap mellan makar i form av giftorätt. När äktenskapet upphör, genom död eller skilsmässa, ska den ekonomiska gemenskapen makarna emellan upplösas. Avtalsfriheten mellan makar är omfattande. Äktenskapsbalkens bodelningsregler, där likadelning utgör en grundläggande princip, sätter annars en yttre ram. Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka arvs- och bodelningsreglerna i nationell rätt samt makars behov och olika möjligheter att planera inför äktenskapets upplösning.

Familjerättsliga regler är av stor praktisk betydelse för många. Av denna anledning har en äktenskapslagstiftning med enkelt utformade regler varit en tydligt uttalad målsättning från lagstiftarens sida. Det har ansetts vara av stor vikt att gemene man ska kunna sätta sig in i och förstå reglernas innebörd. En utgångspunkt har vidare varit att makar i stor utsträckning själva ska kunna klara upp sina mellanhavanden, utan juridisk expertis eller myndigheters inblandning.

Arvs- och äktenskapslagstiftningen utgör ett omfattande regelverk. En fråga är i vilken mån det faktiskt är möjligt för gemene man att tillgodogöra sig regelverket och sätta sig in i vad som i varje enskilt fall kommer ske vid äktenskapets upplösning. Lagstiftningen utgör en god utgångspunkt men ger troligen inte ett önskvärt utfall i samtliga situationer. Anledningarna att vilja eller att vara i behov av att planera för äktenskapets upplösning kan vara många. Makar med särkullbarn som önskar skydda varandra i händelse av ena makens dödsfall utgör ett exempel.

Genom äktenskapsförord ges makar möjlighet att styra vilken egendom som ska omfattas av en framtida bodelning. De som önskar avvika från den arvsordning lagen uppställer är i behov av att upprätta ett testamente. Genom gåvor kan ägarskap omfördelas under livstid och för makar gäller då särskilda regler. Det kan konstateras att det finns en mängd regler och omständigheter att beakta för den som försöker sig på att planera inför äktenskapets upplösning. Att anlita juridisk expertis är troligen i många fall en god idé. Risken finns annars att utfallet inte blir så som det var tänkt.

Enskild egendom ingår inte i en bodelning mellan makar. Grundläggande är dels att enskild egendom anses ha uppstått och vidare att egendomen behållit denna karaktär. Om enskild egendom blandas med giftorättsgods är risken ytterst att egendomen helt tappar sin karaktär såsom enskild och träffas av giftorätten. Vart gränserna går vid olika handlanden är många gånger inte helt klart, förutsebarheten är begränsad.
Egendom som är enskild med anledning av en tredjemansföreskrift har ett starkare skydd än egendom som gjorts enskild makar emellan. Att sådan egendom existerar inom äktenskapet är vidare något som kan komma som en överraskning för den ena maken i samband med bodelning. Denna make har då inte givits en chans att tillvarata sina intressen, exempelvis genom att initiera äktenskapsförord. Lagen ger ingen självklar lösning till skydd för en svagare part i denna situation. Det finns heller ingen möjlighet för en make att förutse och skydda sig mot problemet.

En lösning vore möjligen att det för egendom som görs enskild av tredje man, likt för egendom som görs enskild mellan makar, skulle finnas krav på en skriftlig och registrerad handling. Makar skulle då ges en bättre förutsättning att fullt ut planera inför äktenskapets upplösning, något som i sig inte är en helt enkel uppgift. Uppgiften kan definitivt konstateras vara omöjlig om inte alla förutsättningar är kända. (Less)
Abstract
With marriage comes an economic community between spouses in the form of marital property. When the marriage ends, either through death or divorce, the economic community between the spouses should be dissolved. There is extensive freedom of contract between spouses. However, the rules of division of property in the Marriage Code, where equal division is a fundamental principle, provide an external framework. This essay aims to examine the inheritance and property division rules in national law as well as spouses´ needs and various possibilities to plan for the dissolution of marriage.

Family law rules are of great practical importance to many. For this reason, a marriage legislation with easily understood rules has been a clearly... (More)
With marriage comes an economic community between spouses in the form of marital property. When the marriage ends, either through death or divorce, the economic community between the spouses should be dissolved. There is extensive freedom of contract between spouses. However, the rules of division of property in the Marriage Code, where equal division is a fundamental principle, provide an external framework. This essay aims to examine the inheritance and property division rules in national law as well as spouses´ needs and various possibilities to plan for the dissolution of marriage.

Family law rules are of great practical importance to many. For this reason, a marriage legislation with easily understood rules has been a clearly stated objective from the legislator's perspective. It has been considered crucial for the common person to be able to understand the meaning of the rules. Furthermore, the starting point has been that spouses should largely be able to handle their affairs without legal expertise or intervention from authorities.

Inheritance and marriage legislation constitute a comprehensive regulatory framework. A question arises as to the extent to which it is actually possible for the average person to comprehend the regulations and understand what will happen in each individual case upon the dissolution of marriage. The legislation provides a good starting point but probably does not yield a desirable outcome in all situations. There may be many reasons to want or need to plan for the dissolution of marriage. For example, spouses with children from previous marriages who wish to protect each other in the event of one spouse's death.

Through a marriage contract, spouses are given the opportunity to determine which property will be subject to future property division. Those wishing to deviate from the succession order established by law need to make a will. Ownership can be redistributed during lifetime through gifts, and specific rules apply to spouses. It can be noted that there are numerous rules and circumstances to consider for those attempting to plan for the dissolution of marriage. Seeking legal expertise is likely a good idea in many cases. Otherwise, there is a risk that the outcome may not be as intended.

Separate property is not included in property division between spouses. It is fundamental that separate property is considered to have originated and retained this character. If separate property is mixed with marital property, there is a significant risk that the property will completely lose its character as separate and be subject to marital property rights. The boundaries in various actions are often not entirely clear, and predictability is limited.

Property that is considered separate due to a third-party provision has stronger protection than property made separate between spouses. The existence of such property within the marriage can come as a surprise to one spouse during property division. In this case, the spouse has not been given a chance to protect their interests, for example, by initiating a marriage contract. The law does not provide an obvious solution to protect the weaker party in this situation. There is also no opportunity for a spouse to foresee and protect against the problem.

A possible solution might be to have a requirement for a written and registered document for property made separate by a third party, similar to property made separate between spouses. Spouses would then have a better chance to fully plan for the dissolution of marriage, which is not a straightforward task. The task can definitely be considered impossible if all the conditions are not known. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Holm Stenbeck, Johanna LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The inevitable dissolution of marriage - the importance of planning for the future
course
JURM02 20232
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
familjerätt, ekonomisk familjerätt, bodelning, arvsrätt
language
Swedish
id
9142629
date added to LUP
2024-01-18 09:40:08
date last changed
2024-01-18 09:40:08
@misc{9142629,
  abstract     = {{With marriage comes an economic community between spouses in the form of marital property. When the marriage ends, either through death or divorce, the economic community between the spouses should be dissolved. There is extensive freedom of contract between spouses. However, the rules of division of property in the Marriage Code, where equal division is a fundamental principle, provide an external framework. This essay aims to examine the inheritance and property division rules in national law as well as spouses´ needs and various possibilities to plan for the dissolution of marriage.

Family law rules are of great practical importance to many. For this reason, a marriage legislation with easily understood rules has been a clearly stated objective from the legislator's perspective. It has been considered crucial for the common person to be able to understand the meaning of the rules. Furthermore, the starting point has been that spouses should largely be able to handle their affairs without legal expertise or intervention from authorities.

Inheritance and marriage legislation constitute a comprehensive regulatory framework. A question arises as to the extent to which it is actually possible for the average person to comprehend the regulations and understand what will happen in each individual case upon the dissolution of marriage. The legislation provides a good starting point but probably does not yield a desirable outcome in all situations. There may be many reasons to want or need to plan for the dissolution of marriage. For example, spouses with children from previous marriages who wish to protect each other in the event of one spouse's death.

Through a marriage contract, spouses are given the opportunity to determine which property will be subject to future property division. Those wishing to deviate from the succession order established by law need to make a will. Ownership can be redistributed during lifetime through gifts, and specific rules apply to spouses. It can be noted that there are numerous rules and circumstances to consider for those attempting to plan for the dissolution of marriage. Seeking legal expertise is likely a good idea in many cases. Otherwise, there is a risk that the outcome may not be as intended.

Separate property is not included in property division between spouses. It is fundamental that separate property is considered to have originated and retained this character. If separate property is mixed with marital property, there is a significant risk that the property will completely lose its character as separate and be subject to marital property rights. The boundaries in various actions are often not entirely clear, and predictability is limited.

Property that is considered separate due to a third-party provision has stronger protection than property made separate between spouses. The existence of such property within the marriage can come as a surprise to one spouse during property division. In this case, the spouse has not been given a chance to protect their interests, for example, by initiating a marriage contract. The law does not provide an obvious solution to protect the weaker party in this situation. There is also no opportunity for a spouse to foresee and protect against the problem.

A possible solution might be to have a requirement for a written and registered document for property made separate by a third party, similar to property made separate between spouses. Spouses would then have a better chance to fully plan for the dissolution of marriage, which is not a straightforward task. The task can definitely be considered impossible if all the conditions are not known.}},
  author       = {{Holm Stenbeck, Johanna}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Äktenskapets oundvikliga upplösning - betydelsen av att planera inför framtiden}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}