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Att vårda och bevara - Närmare om vård- och bevarandeplikten vid hyra av lös sak i kommersiella förhållanden

Vahman, Elias LU (2023) JURM02 20232
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
Renting movable property is both practical and cheap. In many cases it serves as an alternative to buying. Renting has ancient origins and was previously referred to as “saklega”. Two aspect that distinguishes the rental relationship from other types of contracts is the renter’s duty of care1 and the owner’s duty of preservation. The duty of care entails that the renter is responsible to take care and maintain the rental property throughout the rental period. The duty of preservation is understood as the owner’s obligation to provide and ensure that the tenant can use the rental property throughout the rental period. However, the extent of these obligations and their relationship to one another under non-binding law are unclear. Unlike the... (More)
Renting movable property is both practical and cheap. In many cases it serves as an alternative to buying. Renting has ancient origins and was previously referred to as “saklega”. Two aspect that distinguishes the rental relationship from other types of contracts is the renter’s duty of care1 and the owner’s duty of preservation. The duty of care entails that the renter is responsible to take care and maintain the rental property throughout the rental period. The duty of preservation is understood as the owner’s obligation to provide and ensure that the tenant can use the rental property throughout the rental period. However, the extent of these obligations and their relationship to one another under non-binding law are unclear. Unlike the rental of immovable property, the rental of movable property is, in principle, unregulated. The purpose of this thesis has been to investigate the unregulated law, based on the uncertainties and the practical significance of the rental agreement, when renting movable property, especially the extent and relationship between the duty of care and the duty of preservation.

I have applied a legal dogmatic method for the thesis. Since there are no directly applicable legal sources, I have instead turned to applying rules analogously from related types of contracts.

After the introductory chapter, the thesis investigates and places the rental of movable property in its own legal context. The thesis has defined agreements of the rental of movable property as agreements on granting the right of use to movable property in return for compensation. This definition has subsequently been used to investigate and clarify the boundaries to related types of contracts. The thesis concludes that the renting of movable property constitutes a distinct type of contract. Guidance to determine the parties’ legal obligations has been drawn from analogous application of related types of contracts.
The thesis continues with examining the duty of care and the duty of preservation. The obligations of the rental relationship have mainly been analyzed during the rental period. It has been established that the duty of preservation means that the owner is responsible for ensuring that the rental property achieves and maintains the contractual condition for use throughout the entire rental period. Since the risk for the property never passes to the renter, the owner bears the risk of accidents or the complete destruction of the rental property. The owner’s responsibility is balanced against the renter’s duty of care. The renter may not use the rental property for a purpose other than its general use. The renter is presumed responsible for damage that occurs to the rental property. The thesis has concluded that the extent of the duty of care and duty of preservation must be determined on a case-by-case basis, considering the circumstances in the rental relationship such as rent, rental period, and rental property. The duty of preservation is negatively defined, meaning that if a deficiency in the rental property does not fall under the renter’s duty of care, it falls under the owner’s duty of preservation. In any case, the renter’s duty of care complements the owner’s duty of preservation through the common interest in ensuring that the rental property achieves and maintains a sufficient condition to be used throughout the entire rental period. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Att hyra lösa saker är både praktiskt och billigt. I många fall fungerar det som ett alternativ till köp. Hyra har anor långt tillbaka och kallades tidigare saklega. Något som skiljer hyresförhållandet från andra avtalstyper är hyrestagarens vårdplikt och uthyrarens bevarandeplikt. Vårdplikten innebär att hyrestagaren med omsorg ska ta hand om hyresobjektet under hela hyrestiden. Bevarandeplikten förstås med att uthyraren ska tillhandahålla och se till att hyrestagaren kan använda hyresobjektet under samma period. Förpliktelsernas omfattning och förhållande till varandra enligt den dispositiva rätten är däremot oklar. Till skillnad från hyra av fast egendom är hyra av lös sak i princip oreglerat. Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att... (More)
Att hyra lösa saker är både praktiskt och billigt. I många fall fungerar det som ett alternativ till köp. Hyra har anor långt tillbaka och kallades tidigare saklega. Något som skiljer hyresförhållandet från andra avtalstyper är hyrestagarens vårdplikt och uthyrarens bevarandeplikt. Vårdplikten innebär att hyrestagaren med omsorg ska ta hand om hyresobjektet under hela hyrestiden. Bevarandeplikten förstås med att uthyraren ska tillhandahålla och se till att hyrestagaren kan använda hyresobjektet under samma period. Förpliktelsernas omfattning och förhållande till varandra enligt den dispositiva rätten är däremot oklar. Till skillnad från hyra av fast egendom är hyra av lös sak i princip oreglerat. Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att utifrån dessa osäkerheter och hyrans praktiska betydelse undersöka den dispositiva rätten vid hyra av lös sak, särskilt om omfattningen och förhållandet mellan vårdplikten och bevarandeplikten.

I uppsatsen har jag använt en rättsdogmatisk metod. Eftersom det saknas direkt tillämpbara rättskällor har jag i stället analogt tillämpat regler från närliggande avtalstyper.

Efter det inledande kapitalet ökar jag förståelsen för och placerar avtal om hyra av lös sak i sin egen rättsliga kontext. Uppsatsen har definierat avtal om hyra av lös sak som ett avtal om upplåtelse av nyttjanderätt till lös sak mot ersättning. Denna definition har därefter använts för att utreda och klargöra gränsdragningarna mot närliggande avtalstyper. Uppsatsen har konstaterat att hyra av lös sak utgör en egen avtalstyp. Ledning för utfyllande rätt har hämtats från analog tillämpning av närliggande avtalstyper.

Uppsatsen fortsätter med att undersöka vård- och bevarandeplikten. Hyresförhållandets förpliktelser har främst analyserats under nyttjandeskedet. Det har konstaterats att bevarandeplikten innebär att uthyraren är ansvarig för att hyresobjektet under hela hyrestiden uppnår och bibehåller kontraktsenligt skick för att kunna användas på avtalat sätt. Eftersom risken för egendomen aldrig övergår på hyrestagaren står uthyraren risken för olyckshändelser eller att hyresobjektet totalförstörts. Uthyrarens ansvar balanseras mot hyrestagarens vårdplikt. Hyrestagaren får inte använda hyresobjektet för ett annat ändamål än vad som hyresobjektet i allmänhet används till och ansvarar enligt ett presumtionsansvar för skador som uppstår på hyresobjektet. Uppsatsen har konstaterat att omfattningen av vård- och bevarandeplikten får avgöras i det enskilda fallet med hänsyn till omständigheter vid hyresförhållandet, såsom hyran, hyrestiden och hyresobjektet. Bevarandeplikten är negativt bestämd genom att om en brist i hyresobjektet inte faller under vårdplikten faller det på uthyrarens bevarandeplikt. Under alla omständigheter kompletterar hyrestagarens vårdplikt uthyrarens bevarandeplikt genom intresset att hyresobjektet uppnår och behåller ett sådant skick att det kan användas under hela hyrestiden. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Vahman, Elias LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
To care for and preserve - A closer investigation on the duty of care and the duty of preservation when renting movable property in commercial relationships
course
JURM02 20232
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Förmögenhetsrätt, Civilrätt, Hyra av lös sak, Saklega, Bevarandeplikt, Vårdplikt, Avtalstyper
language
English
id
9142685
date added to LUP
2024-01-18 11:26:17
date last changed
2024-01-18 11:26:17
@misc{9142685,
  abstract     = {{Renting movable property is both practical and cheap. In many cases it serves as an alternative to buying. Renting has ancient origins and was previously referred to as “saklega”. Two aspect that distinguishes the rental relationship from other types of contracts is the renter’s duty of care1 and the owner’s duty of preservation. The duty of care entails that the renter is responsible to take care and maintain the rental property throughout the rental period. The duty of preservation is understood as the owner’s obligation to provide and ensure that the tenant can use the rental property throughout the rental period. However, the extent of these obligations and their relationship to one another under non-binding law are unclear. Unlike the rental of immovable property, the rental of movable property is, in principle, unregulated. The purpose of this thesis has been to investigate the unregulated law, based on the uncertainties and the practical significance of the rental agreement, when renting movable property, especially the extent and relationship between the duty of care and the duty of preservation.

I have applied a legal dogmatic method for the thesis. Since there are no directly applicable legal sources, I have instead turned to applying rules analogously from related types of contracts.

After the introductory chapter, the thesis investigates and places the rental of movable property in its own legal context. The thesis has defined agreements of the rental of movable property as agreements on granting the right of use to movable property in return for compensation. This definition has subsequently been used to investigate and clarify the boundaries to related types of contracts. The thesis concludes that the renting of movable property constitutes a distinct type of contract. Guidance to determine the parties’ legal obligations has been drawn from analogous application of related types of contracts.
The thesis continues with examining the duty of care and the duty of preservation. The obligations of the rental relationship have mainly been analyzed during the rental period. It has been established that the duty of preservation means that the owner is responsible for ensuring that the rental property achieves and maintains the contractual condition for use throughout the entire rental period. Since the risk for the property never passes to the renter, the owner bears the risk of accidents or the complete destruction of the rental property. The owner’s responsibility is balanced against the renter’s duty of care. The renter may not use the rental property for a purpose other than its general use. The renter is presumed responsible for damage that occurs to the rental property. The thesis has concluded that the extent of the duty of care and duty of preservation must be determined on a case-by-case basis, considering the circumstances in the rental relationship such as rent, rental period, and rental property. The duty of preservation is negatively defined, meaning that if a deficiency in the rental property does not fall under the renter’s duty of care, it falls under the owner’s duty of preservation. In any case, the renter’s duty of care complements the owner’s duty of preservation through the common interest in ensuring that the rental property achieves and maintains a sufficient condition to be used throughout the entire rental period.}},
  author       = {{Vahman, Elias}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Att vårda och bevara - Närmare om vård- och bevarandeplikten vid hyra av lös sak i kommersiella förhållanden}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}