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Tolkning av mängdreglerade entreprenadavtal – särskilt om kompletthetskravet i MER

Johansson, Cajsa LU (2023) JURM02 20232
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
I mängdreglerade entreprenadavtal förtecknar beställaren arbetena som entreprenören ska utföra i en mängdförteckning. Entreprenören prissätter sedan mängdförteckningen genom att ange ett à-pris för respektive enhet arbete. I mängdförteckningen finns en preliminär uppskattad mängd för varje typ av arbete. Mängden är typiskt sett reglerbar vilket innebär att mängden arbete mäts upp när entreprenören har utfört arbetet. Entreprenören får sedan ersättning genom att à-priset i mängdförteckningen multipliceras med den uppmätta mängden utfört arbete.

I mängdreglerade entreprenadavtal avtalar parterna typiskt sett om att MER ska utgöra en kontraktshandling och att arbetena därmed ska mätas och ersättas enligt reglerna i MER. Syftet med... (More)
I mängdreglerade entreprenadavtal förtecknar beställaren arbetena som entreprenören ska utföra i en mängdförteckning. Entreprenören prissätter sedan mängdförteckningen genom att ange ett à-pris för respektive enhet arbete. I mängdförteckningen finns en preliminär uppskattad mängd för varje typ av arbete. Mängden är typiskt sett reglerbar vilket innebär att mängden arbete mäts upp när entreprenören har utfört arbetet. Entreprenören får sedan ersättning genom att à-priset i mängdförteckningen multipliceras med den uppmätta mängden utfört arbete.

I mängdreglerade entreprenadavtal avtalar parterna typiskt sett om att MER ska utgöra en kontraktshandling och att arbetena därmed ska mätas och ersättas enligt reglerna i MER. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda hur mängdförteckningar ska tolkas och tillämpas enligt reglerna i MER. Syftet är vidare att identifiera särskilda tolkningssvårigheter vid mängdreglerade entreprenadavtal. Flera tolkningssvårigheter hör samman med det så kal-lade kompletthetskravet, vilket är en regel som innebär att alla arbeten måste vara förtecknade i mängdförteckningen för att ingå i entreprenörens åtagande. Syftet är vidare att utreda om kompletthetskravet i vissa fall kan åsidosättas och att arbete kan ingå i entreprenörens åtagande även om det inte finns upptaget i en mängdförteckning. För att uppfylla syftena besvaras följande frågor i uppsatsen:

• Hur ska en mängdförteckning utformas och tolkas enligt MER?
• Vilka särskilda tolkningsfrågor – specifika för mängdreglerade entreprenadavtal – kan uppstå?
• Under vilka förutsättningar kan arbeten som inte är upptagna i en mängdförteckning ändå anses ingå i entreprenörens åtagande när kompletthetskravet gäller mellan parterna?

Metoden i uppsatsen är i grunden rättsdogmatisk. För uppsatsen har HD:s metod för tolkning av standardavtal på entreprenadrättens område varit av särskilt intresse. Metoden har använts för att ta ställning till vilken rättslig lösning som är att föredra och på vilka grunder.

För att uppnå en enhetlig hantering av mängdförteckningar i byggbranschen har Svensk Byggtjänst tagit fram standardiserade regler i MER Anläggning 23 (Mät- och ersättningsregler för anläggningsarbete med mall till mängdförteckning). I MER regleras hur arbeten ska ersättas, hur arbeten ska mätas upp samt hur parterna ska skriva i mängdförteckningen.

Reglerna i MER är på många sätt komplicerade. Det kan bland annat uppkomma tolkningssvårigheter avseende kontraktsarbetenas omfattning. Det kan exempelvis handla om vilket genomslag kompletthetskravet ska få när ett visst arbete saknas i mängdförteckningen. Det kan även uppstå tolkningssvårigheter när ett arbete förvisso är upptaget, men utan mängd. Frågan är då om arbetet ingår i entreprenörens åtagande eller inte och hur arbetet i sådana fall ska ersättas.

Tolkningssvårigheter kan även uppkomma angående krav på arbetets utförande. Så kan exempelvis vara fallet om en mängdförteckning innehåller vissa tekniska beskrivningar samtidigt som tekniska beskrivningar framkommer av andra kontraktshandlingar. Tolkningsfrågan blir då vilka krav som ställs på entreprenörens utförande. Många tolkningssvårigheter kan även uppkomma vid bedömningen av ersättning av kontraktsarbetena som mängdregleras. En sådan fråga är vad som ingår i ett à-pris.

Det kan alltså uppkomma diverse tolkningssvårigheter vid mängdreglerade entreprenadavtal. I uppsatsen ryms dock endast en fördjupad analys av tolkningssvårigheter relaterade till kompletthetskravet. Kompletthetskravet hamnar i konflikt med tolkningsinterna regler i AB 04, framför allt kompletteringsregeln i AB 04 kap. 1 § 2. Kompletteringsregeln innebär att kontraktshandlingarna ska komplettera varandra vilket kan anses motsvara att avtal enligt allmän avtalstolkning ska tolkas som en sammanhängande helhet. Enligt kommentaren till AB 04 kap. 1 § 2 förutsätts att handlingarna är lämpligt och konsekvent samordnade för att kompletteringsregeln ska tillämpas. Mot bakgrund av detta, samt av allmänna rimlighetsbedömningar, torde kompletthetskravet i vissa fall kunna medföra att ett arbete inte utgör ett kontraktsarbete om arbetet saknas i mängdförteckningen. Så kan vara fallet om ett arbete saknas i mängdförteckningen men framgår av en ritning. I vissa andra sammanhang kan dock bedömningen bli den motsatta, exempelvis om ett arbete framgår av AB 04. I dessa situationer kan det anses vara förutsebart för entreprenören att arbetet ingår i åtagandet. (Less)
Abstract
In quantity-regulated construction contracts, the work that the contractor must perform is listed in a bill of quantities. The contractor then prices the bill of quantities by specifying a price for each type of work. Within the bill of quantities, there is a preliminary estimated quantity for each type of work. This quantity is typically adjustable, meaning that the amount of work is measured when the contractor has completed the work. The contractor then receives compensation based on the prices stipulated in the bill of quantities and the measured quantities of completed work.

In quantity-regulated construction contracts, the parties typically agree that the Quantity and Measurement Rules (MER) shall constitute a contract document,... (More)
In quantity-regulated construction contracts, the work that the contractor must perform is listed in a bill of quantities. The contractor then prices the bill of quantities by specifying a price for each type of work. Within the bill of quantities, there is a preliminary estimated quantity for each type of work. This quantity is typically adjustable, meaning that the amount of work is measured when the contractor has completed the work. The contractor then receives compensation based on the prices stipulated in the bill of quantities and the measured quantities of completed work.

In quantity-regulated construction contracts, the parties typically agree that the Quantity and Measurement Rules (MER) shall constitute a contract document, and that the work shall accordingly be measured and compensated according to the rules of MER. The purpose of this essay is to investigate how bills of quantities should be understood and applied according to MER. The aim is also to identify specific difficulties in interpreting quantity-regulated construction contracts. One such difficulty involves the in-terpretation of the completeness requirement (kompletthetskravet), a rule stipulating that all work must be listed in the bill of quantities to be part of the contractor's commitment. The question of interpretation specifically concerns whether, in certain cases, the completeness requirement can be disregarded, allowing work to be included in the contractor's commitment even if it is not listed in the bill of quantities. To fulfill the purposes, the essay addresses the following questions:

• How should a bill of quantities be designed and interpreted accord-ing to MER?
• What specific interpretation difficulties – particular to quantity-regulated construction contracts – may arise?
• Under which conditions can work that is not listed in a bill of quantities still be considered part of the contractor's commitment when the completeness requirement applies between the parties?

The method in the essay is based on a legal dogmatic method. For the essay, the Supreme Court's method of interpreting construction contracts has been of particular interest. The method has been used to determine which legal solution is preferable and on what grounds.

In order to achieve uniform application of bills of quantities in the construction industry standardized rules in “MER Anläggning 23” has been developed. The rules in MER are complex in various ways. Difficulties in interpretation may arise regarding the scope of work included in the con-tractor's obligation. For example, difficulties arise when a specific type of work is not included in the bill of quantities but in another contract document. Interpretation difficulties can also arise when a type of work is included in the bill of quantities but without specified quantity. The question is whether the work is included in the contractor's commitment or not and how the work should be compensated.

Difficulties in interpretation may also arise regarding execution requirements. This could happen, for example, if a bill of quantities contains certain technical descriptions at the same time as technical descriptions appear from other documents. The question of interpretation then becomes what requirements are placed on the contractor's execution. Many difficulties in interpretation can also arise regarding compensation for the contract work. One such question is what is included in the price.

Various interpretation difficulties can arise in quantity-regulated construction contracts. However, this essay focuses specifically on a detailed analysis of the completeness requirement. The completeness requirement may come into conflict with internal interpretation rules in AB 04, particularly AB 04 chap. 1 § 2, which states that contract documents complement each other. AB 04 chap. 1 § 2 can be considered equivalent to the fact that, according to general principles of contract interpretation, contracts must be interpreted as a coherent whole. According to the commentary on AB 04 chap. 1 § 2, the documents should be appropriately and consistently coordinated. Considering this, along with general reasonableness assessments, the completeness requirement may, in some cases, imply that a type of work does not constitute contract work if the work is only evident in another contract document and not in the bill of quantities. In certain other contexts, however, the assessment can be the opposite, for example, if a type of work is specified in AB 04. In these situations, it can be considered predictable for the contractor that the work is included in the commitment. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Johansson, Cajsa LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Interpretation of Quantity-Regulated Construction Contracts – Especially Regarding the Completeness Requirement in MER
course
JURM02 20232
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Avtalsrätt, Entreprenadrätt, Mängdförteckning, MER
language
Swedish
id
9142817
date added to LUP
2024-01-18 14:31:16
date last changed
2024-01-18 14:31:16
@misc{9142817,
  abstract     = {{In quantity-regulated construction contracts, the work that the contractor must perform is listed in a bill of quantities. The contractor then prices the bill of quantities by specifying a price for each type of work. Within the bill of quantities, there is a preliminary estimated quantity for each type of work. This quantity is typically adjustable, meaning that the amount of work is measured when the contractor has completed the work. The contractor then receives compensation based on the prices stipulated in the bill of quantities and the measured quantities of completed work.

In quantity-regulated construction contracts, the parties typically agree that the Quantity and Measurement Rules (MER) shall constitute a contract document, and that the work shall accordingly be measured and compensated according to the rules of MER. The purpose of this essay is to investigate how bills of quantities should be understood and applied according to MER. The aim is also to identify specific difficulties in interpreting quantity-regulated construction contracts. One such difficulty involves the in-terpretation of the completeness requirement (kompletthetskravet), a rule stipulating that all work must be listed in the bill of quantities to be part of the contractor's commitment. The question of interpretation specifically concerns whether, in certain cases, the completeness requirement can be disregarded, allowing work to be included in the contractor's commitment even if it is not listed in the bill of quantities. To fulfill the purposes, the essay addresses the following questions:

• How should a bill of quantities be designed and interpreted accord-ing to MER?
• What specific interpretation difficulties – particular to quantity-regulated construction contracts – may arise?
• Under which conditions can work that is not listed in a bill of quantities still be considered part of the contractor's commitment when the completeness requirement applies between the parties?

The method in the essay is based on a legal dogmatic method. For the essay, the Supreme Court's method of interpreting construction contracts has been of particular interest. The method has been used to determine which legal solution is preferable and on what grounds.

In order to achieve uniform application of bills of quantities in the construction industry standardized rules in “MER Anläggning 23” has been developed. The rules in MER are complex in various ways. Difficulties in interpretation may arise regarding the scope of work included in the con-tractor's obligation. For example, difficulties arise when a specific type of work is not included in the bill of quantities but in another contract document. Interpretation difficulties can also arise when a type of work is included in the bill of quantities but without specified quantity. The question is whether the work is included in the contractor's commitment or not and how the work should be compensated.

Difficulties in interpretation may also arise regarding execution requirements. This could happen, for example, if a bill of quantities contains certain technical descriptions at the same time as technical descriptions appear from other documents. The question of interpretation then becomes what requirements are placed on the contractor's execution. Many difficulties in interpretation can also arise regarding compensation for the contract work. One such question is what is included in the price.

Various interpretation difficulties can arise in quantity-regulated construction contracts. However, this essay focuses specifically on a detailed analysis of the completeness requirement. The completeness requirement may come into conflict with internal interpretation rules in AB 04, particularly AB 04 chap. 1 § 2, which states that contract documents complement each other. AB 04 chap. 1 § 2 can be considered equivalent to the fact that, according to general principles of contract interpretation, contracts must be interpreted as a coherent whole. According to the commentary on AB 04 chap. 1 § 2, the documents should be appropriately and consistently coordinated. Considering this, along with general reasonableness assessments, the completeness requirement may, in some cases, imply that a type of work does not constitute contract work if the work is only evident in another contract document and not in the bill of quantities. In certain other contexts, however, the assessment can be the opposite, for example, if a type of work is specified in AB 04. In these situations, it can be considered predictable for the contractor that the work is included in the commitment.}},
  author       = {{Johansson, Cajsa}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Tolkning av mängdreglerade entreprenadavtal – särskilt om kompletthetskravet i MER}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}