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Synnerligen och särskilt ömmande omständigheter, barnrättsperspektivet och rättssäkerheten

Sannerud, Astrid LU (2023) JURM02 20232
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Denna uppsats berör 5 kap 6 § utlänningslag (2005:716) om ömmande om-ständigheter för barn. Bestämmelsen innebär en möjlighet att beviljas uppe-hållstillstånd när ingen annan grund finns då det skulle anses strida mot hu-maniteten att utvisa utlänningen. För barn har det sedan 2014 räckt att inneha särskilt ömmande omständigheter för att kunna beviljas uppehållstillstånd, men från 1 dec 2023 måste barn nu ha synnerligen ömmande omständigheter men ej med samma allvar och tyngd som för vuxna. Denna ändring ska enligt propositionen innebära ett förhöjt krav för barn. Vidare innebär ändringen en återgång till den lydelse som gällde innan 2014 och har därmed varit i bruk tidigare.
Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att utreda skillnaderna... (More)
Denna uppsats berör 5 kap 6 § utlänningslag (2005:716) om ömmande om-ständigheter för barn. Bestämmelsen innebär en möjlighet att beviljas uppe-hållstillstånd när ingen annan grund finns då det skulle anses strida mot hu-maniteten att utvisa utlänningen. För barn har det sedan 2014 räckt att inneha särskilt ömmande omständigheter för att kunna beviljas uppehållstillstånd, men från 1 dec 2023 måste barn nu ha synnerligen ömmande omständigheter men ej med samma allvar och tyngd som för vuxna. Denna ändring ska enligt propositionen innebära ett förhöjt krav för barn. Vidare innebär ändringen en återgång till den lydelse som gällde innan 2014 och har därmed varit i bruk tidigare.
Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att utreda skillnaderna mellan synnerligen ömmande omständigheter men ej med samma allvar och tyngd som för vuxna samt särskilt ömmande omständigheter ur ett barnrättsperspektiv och på så sätt även få en uppfattning om vad den ändringen som skedde 1 dec 2023 kan komma att innebära för barn. Utredningen har skett genom att använda rättsdogmatisk metod tillsammans med rättsanalytisk, empirisk och rättshistorisk metod. Metoderna har gett utrymme att använda material från rättskällorna, men även från underinstanser samt Migrationsverket.
För att kunna utreda vad skillnaderna mellan lydelserna har varit i praktiken har uppsatsen analyserat 16 mål från migrationsdomstolar ur ett barnrättsper-spektiv. För att kunna utröna skillnaderna har även statistik från Migrations-verket använts. De slutsatser som uppsatsen kommer fram till är att bestäm-melsen om särskilt ömmande omständigheter har medfört att principen om barnets bästa har tillämpats i större utsträckning än under lydelsen om synner-ligen ömmande omständigheter. Det har därmed funnits ett större barnrättsperspektiv vid tillämpningen. Vad som utgör skillnaden mellan de krav på omständigheter som föreligger mellan lydelserna visade sig vara mycket svårt att se. Statistik från 2013 och 2022 har dock visat att det var fler barn procentuellt som beviljades uppehållstillstånd under tiden med synnerligen ömmande omständigheter än under tiden med särskilt ömmande omständigheter. Detta pekar på en obalans mellan lagstiftningen och rättstillämparna.
Vad lagändringen 1 dec 2023 kommer innebära är svårt att uttala sig om. Ändringen innebär att äldre praxis och förarbeten åter bli tillämpliga som vägledning och där är barnrättsperspektivet mindre tydligt, vilket kan medföra en försämring för barn. Det finns även risk att ändringen kommer medföra ännu högre krav för barn än vad lydelsen medförde första gången, i och med att statistik pekar på att färre barn beviljats uppehållstillstånd, även om bestämmelsen ändrades 2014 för att medföra motsatsen. (Less)
Abstract
This essay addresses Chapter 5, Section 6, Subsection 2 of the Swedish Al-iens Act (UtlL) regarding compelling circumstances for children.
The purpose of this essay has been to investigate the differences between ex-ceptionally compelling circumstances, but not with the same severity and gravity as for adults, and particularly compelling circumstances from a child rights perspective. This has been done using legal doctrinal, legal analytical, empirical and legal historical methods. This has allowed the use of materials from legal sources, as well as from lower instances and the Swedish Migra-tion Agency.
To examine the practical differences between the formulations, the essay has analysed 16 cases from migration courts from a child... (More)
This essay addresses Chapter 5, Section 6, Subsection 2 of the Swedish Al-iens Act (UtlL) regarding compelling circumstances for children.
The purpose of this essay has been to investigate the differences between ex-ceptionally compelling circumstances, but not with the same severity and gravity as for adults, and particularly compelling circumstances from a child rights perspective. This has been done using legal doctrinal, legal analytical, empirical and legal historical methods. This has allowed the use of materials from legal sources, as well as from lower instances and the Swedish Migra-tion Agency.
To examine the practical differences between the formulations, the essay has analysed 16 cases from migration courts from a child rights perspective. The essay also presents statistics from the Migration Agency. The conclusions reached by the essay are that the regulation on particularly compelling circum-stances, in practice, has brought a broader child rights perspective, and the principle of the child's best interest has been applied more frequently than un-der the wording of exceptionally compelling circumstances. From a child rights perspective, children have, to a greater extent, had their rights consid-ered in the assessment of particularly compelling circumstances. The actual difference in the requirements for circumstances between the wordings proved to be challenging to discern, but the statistics showed that a higher percentage of children were granted residence permits during the period of exceptionally compelling circumstances than under particularly compelling circumstances. This indicates an imbalance between legislation and legal practitioners.
As for what a return to exceptionally compelling circumstances will mean for children, it is difficult to determine. It is clear that the child rights perspective has had a greater impact on the application of Chapter 5, Section 6, Subsection 2 since 2014, and this is unlikely to disappear with the change, as it is not the purpose of the change. However, previous precedents and legislative history will once again become applicable as guidance, and the child rights perspec-tive is less clear in those. There is also a risk that the change will impose even higher requirements for children than the regulation did the first time it was in use, as statistics indicate that it becomes more challenging to grant children residence permits through the regulation even if it is changed to bring the op-posite effect.
Finally, the essay discusses the legal certainty of the regulation based on the concepts of formal and material legal certainty. The essay finds that there is reason for criticism regarding both the formal and material legal certainty re-quirements of the regulation. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Sannerud, Astrid LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Compelling circumstances, the child rights perspective and legal certainty
course
JURM02 20232
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
folkrätt, förvaltningsrätt
language
Swedish
id
9142827
date added to LUP
2024-01-18 12:11:11
date last changed
2024-01-18 12:11:11
@misc{9142827,
  abstract     = {{This essay addresses Chapter 5, Section 6, Subsection 2 of the Swedish Al-iens Act (UtlL) regarding compelling circumstances for children. 
The purpose of this essay has been to investigate the differences between ex-ceptionally compelling circumstances, but not with the same severity and gravity as for adults, and particularly compelling circumstances from a child rights perspective. This has been done using legal doctrinal, legal analytical, empirical and legal historical methods. This has allowed the use of materials from legal sources, as well as from lower instances and the Swedish Migra-tion Agency.
To examine the practical differences between the formulations, the essay has analysed 16 cases from migration courts from a child rights perspective. The essay also presents statistics from the Migration Agency. The conclusions reached by the essay are that the regulation on particularly compelling circum-stances, in practice, has brought a broader child rights perspective, and the principle of the child's best interest has been applied more frequently than un-der the wording of exceptionally compelling circumstances. From a child rights perspective, children have, to a greater extent, had their rights consid-ered in the assessment of particularly compelling circumstances. The actual difference in the requirements for circumstances between the wordings proved to be challenging to discern, but the statistics showed that a higher percentage of children were granted residence permits during the period of exceptionally compelling circumstances than under particularly compelling circumstances. This indicates an imbalance between legislation and legal practitioners.
As for what a return to exceptionally compelling circumstances will mean for children, it is difficult to determine. It is clear that the child rights perspective has had a greater impact on the application of Chapter 5, Section 6, Subsection 2 since 2014, and this is unlikely to disappear with the change, as it is not the purpose of the change. However, previous precedents and legislative history will once again become applicable as guidance, and the child rights perspec-tive is less clear in those. There is also a risk that the change will impose even higher requirements for children than the regulation did the first time it was in use, as statistics indicate that it becomes more challenging to grant children residence permits through the regulation even if it is changed to bring the op-posite effect.
Finally, the essay discusses the legal certainty of the regulation based on the concepts of formal and material legal certainty. The essay finds that there is reason for criticism regarding both the formal and material legal certainty re-quirements of the regulation.}},
  author       = {{Sannerud, Astrid}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Synnerligen och särskilt ömmande omständigheter, barnrättsperspektivet och rättssäkerheten}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}