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Världsarv och straff: En rättsdogmatisk studie av världsarvsklassificeringens påverkan på individuellt folkrättsligt straffansvar

Larsson, Elias LU (2023) LAGF03 20232
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Frågeställningen för denna uppsats har varit: ”hur har världsarvskonventionens klassificering av viss kulturegendom som världsarv påverkat bedömningen av individers folkrättsliga straffansvar för attacker mot sådan kulturegendom i samband med väpnade konflikter?”. Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att illustrera världsarvsklassificeringens påverkan på den internationella straffrätten. Mer specifikt har det funnits en ambition att klargöra vilken påverkan som världsarvsklassificeringen av kulturegendom har haft när det kommer till bedömningar av internationellt straffansvar för individer i fall där dessa individer står åtalade för att ha attackerat världsarvsklassificerad kulturegendom.

För att besvara uppsatsens frågeställning har tre... (More)
Frågeställningen för denna uppsats har varit: ”hur har världsarvskonventionens klassificering av viss kulturegendom som världsarv påverkat bedömningen av individers folkrättsliga straffansvar för attacker mot sådan kulturegendom i samband med väpnade konflikter?”. Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att illustrera världsarvsklassificeringens påverkan på den internationella straffrätten. Mer specifikt har det funnits en ambition att klargöra vilken påverkan som världsarvsklassificeringen av kulturegendom har haft när det kommer till bedömningar av internationellt straffansvar för individer i fall där dessa individer står åtalade för att ha attackerat världsarvsklassificerad kulturegendom.

För att besvara uppsatsens frågeställning har tre folkrättsliga rättsfall studerats där individer står åtalade för att ha attackerat världsarvsklassificerad kulturegendom. Fokus har legat på att se vilken påverkan som domstolarna har gett världsarvsklassificeringen i den straffrättsliga ansvarsbedömningen. Metoden som har använts i uppsatsen är en rättsdogmatisk metod. Alltså har innehållet i gällande rätt har utretts med hjälp av rättskälleläran. Den teori som tillämpats är en rättspositivistisk idé om gällande rätt, alltså att gällande rätt är det som lagstiftare och rättsliga auktoriteter har bestämt. Detta innebär att utgångspunkten är att de folkrättsliga instrument som har tillämpas inom de tre rättsfallen utgör, tillsammans med sedvanerätt och konventioner bland jurister, gällande rätt på folkrättens område. Domstolarnas uttalande kring världsarvsklassificeringens roll anses således ha be-tydelse för utvecklingen och förståelsen av denna gällande rätt.

Resultaten av undersökningen visar att världsarvsklassificeringen av kulturegendom påverkar den internationella straffrättsliga ansvarsbedömningen på tre sätt. Världsarvsklassificeringen påverkar bedömningen av brottets allvar, mens rea-bedömningen och bedömningen av brottets omfattning. Världsarvsklassificeringen av kulturegendom har således en straffrättslig betydelse. Vilken vikt som domstolar i framtida rättsfall på området kom-mer att lägga vid den praxis som har undersökts i denna uppsats kvarstår dock att se. (Less)
Abstract
The question for this paper has been: "how has the World Heritage Convention's classification of certain cultural property as world heritage affected the assessment of individuals' criminal liability under international law for attacks against such cultural property within armed conflicts?". The purpose of this paper has been to illustrate the impact of the World Heritage classification on international criminal law. More specifically, there has been an ambition to clarify the impact that the World Heritage classification of cultural property has had when it comes to assessing the internation-al criminal responsibility of individuals in cases where these individuals are charged with having attacked world heritage classified cultural... (More)
The question for this paper has been: "how has the World Heritage Convention's classification of certain cultural property as world heritage affected the assessment of individuals' criminal liability under international law for attacks against such cultural property within armed conflicts?". The purpose of this paper has been to illustrate the impact of the World Heritage classification on international criminal law. More specifically, there has been an ambition to clarify the impact that the World Heritage classification of cultural property has had when it comes to assessing the internation-al criminal responsibility of individuals in cases where these individuals are charged with having attacked world heritage classified cultural property.

To answer the essay's research question, three international law cases have been studied where individuals have been charged with having attacked world heritage classified cultural property. The focus has been to see what influence the courts have given the World Heritage classification in the assess-ment of criminal liability. The method used in the paper is a legal-dogmatic method. This means that the content of current law has been investigated with the help of the doctrine of legal sources. The theory applied is a legal positivist idea of current law, in other words that current law is what legislators and legal authorities have determined. This means that the instruments of international law applied in the three cases constitute, to-gether with customary law and conventions among lawyers, current law in the field of international law. The courts' views on the role of the World Heritage classification are thus considered to be important for the development and understanding of this law.

The results of the study show that the World Heritage classification of cultural property affects the assessment of international criminal liability in three ways. It affects the assessment of the seriousness of the crime, the mens rea assessment and the assessment of the scope of the crime. The World Heritage classification of cultural property thus has a significance in international criminal law. However, it remains to be seen what weight the courts in future legal cases in this area of law will attach to the practice examined in this paper. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Larsson, Elias LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20232
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
public international law, folkrätt, världsarv, Jokic, Strugar, Al Mahdi, Jugoslavientribunalen, ICC, världsarvskonventionen, Haagkonventionen, Genèvekonventionerna, straffansvar
language
Swedish
id
9142836
date added to LUP
2024-02-02 12:18:49
date last changed
2024-02-02 12:18:49
@misc{9142836,
  abstract     = {{The question for this paper has been: "how has the World Heritage Convention's classification of certain cultural property as world heritage affected the assessment of individuals' criminal liability under international law for attacks against such cultural property within armed conflicts?". The purpose of this paper has been to illustrate the impact of the World Heritage classification on international criminal law. More specifically, there has been an ambition to clarify the impact that the World Heritage classification of cultural property has had when it comes to assessing the internation-al criminal responsibility of individuals in cases where these individuals are charged with having attacked world heritage classified cultural property. 

To answer the essay's research question, three international law cases have been studied where individuals have been charged with having attacked world heritage classified cultural property. The focus has been to see what influence the courts have given the World Heritage classification in the assess-ment of criminal liability. The method used in the paper is a legal-dogmatic method. This means that the content of current law has been investigated with the help of the doctrine of legal sources. The theory applied is a legal positivist idea of current law, in other words that current law is what legislators and legal authorities have determined. This means that the instruments of international law applied in the three cases constitute, to-gether with customary law and conventions among lawyers, current law in the field of international law. The courts' views on the role of the World Heritage classification are thus considered to be important for the development and understanding of this law. 

The results of the study show that the World Heritage classification of cultural property affects the assessment of international criminal liability in three ways. It affects the assessment of the seriousness of the crime, the mens rea assessment and the assessment of the scope of the crime. The World Heritage classification of cultural property thus has a significance in international criminal law. However, it remains to be seen what weight the courts in future legal cases in this area of law will attach to the practice examined in this paper.}},
  author       = {{Larsson, Elias}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Världsarv och straff: En rättsdogmatisk studie av världsarvsklassificeringens påverkan på individuellt folkrättsligt straffansvar}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}