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LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Socialt nedbrytande beteende – eller ett dubbelt normsystem? En kritisk diskursanalys av könsroller och hur självdestruktivt sex framställs vid tillämpning av 3 § LVU på förvaltningsrättsnivå

Skahlman, Ida LU (2023) LAGF03 20232
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Självskadebeteende är ett alltmer vanligt förekommande fenomen bland unga
och vård är i många fall essentiellt för att lindra problemet.
Självskadebeteende kan uttrycka sig på olika vis, bland annat genom att den
unge medvetet utsätter sig för riskfyllda sexuella situationer. Syftet med
uppsatsen är att med rättsdogmatisk metod undersöka när självdestruktivt sex
utgör en grund för vård enligt 3 § LVU enligt gällande rätt, samt att med en
empirisk undersökning utreda hur det tillämpas i underrätterna.
Det framgår av 3 § LVU att vård kan ges om den unge har ett missbruk, deltar
i brottslig verksamhet samt om denne uppvisar ett annat socialt nedbrytande
beteende. Om det riskfyllda beteendet som den unga uppvisar är sådant att... (More)
Självskadebeteende är ett alltmer vanligt förekommande fenomen bland unga
och vård är i många fall essentiellt för att lindra problemet.
Självskadebeteende kan uttrycka sig på olika vis, bland annat genom att den
unge medvetet utsätter sig för riskfyllda sexuella situationer. Syftet med
uppsatsen är att med rättsdogmatisk metod undersöka när självdestruktivt sex
utgör en grund för vård enligt 3 § LVU enligt gällande rätt, samt att med en
empirisk undersökning utreda hur det tillämpas i underrätterna.
Det framgår av 3 § LVU att vård kan ges om den unge har ett missbruk, deltar
i brottslig verksamhet samt om denne uppvisar ett annat socialt nedbrytande
beteende. Om det riskfyllda beteendet som den unga uppvisar är sådant att
det bryter mot samhällets grundläggande normer, kan det anses vara socialt
nedbrytande i enlighet med 3 § LVU. Självskadebeteende kan enligt SOU
2015:71 utgöra ett socialt nedbrytande beteende. Det finns inga exakta svar
angående när sex kan anses vara normbrytande och därav ge upphov till
tvångsvård. Det omfattas dock inte om det kan anses vara ett symptom på
psykisk ohälsa. Om beteendet utgör ett symptom kan eventuellt LPT i stället
tillämpas, dock inte LVU.
Medan den gällande rätten inte ger några definitiva svar angående
självskadebeteende i form av självdestruktivt sex, tydliggör underrätterna det
en viss utsträckning. Den empiriska undersökningen klargör att underrätterna
utgår från att sex kan utgöra ett socialt nedbrytande beteende.
Förvaltningsrätten ger dock inte någon närmre motivering till varför det bör
omfattas. Självdestruktivt sex anses återkommande vara socialt nedbrytande
när det förekommer maktskillnader så som markanta åldersskillnader samt
om den unge har ett högt antal sexpartners. Prostitution framställs som socialt
nedbrytande och det förekommer även domar där det har det räckt att det finns
misstankar om att den unge säljer sexuella tjänster.
LVU har en könsneutral karaktär. Varken förarbeten eller lagstiftning
uttrycker att 3 § LVU har olika innebörd för pojkar och flickor. Dock innebär
den gällande rättens relativt generella formulering att förvaltningsrätten har
utrymme för att tolka vad som bör anses socialt nedbrytande. Det möjliggör
en klyfta mellan könsneutrala formuleringar och en mer könsbetingad
tillämpning. Flickors beteenden anses vara socialt nedbrytande i en betydligt
större utsträckning. Vidare porträtteras flickorna som mer sårbara och sex
anses därför utgöra en större risk för dem än det gör pojkarna. Det görs även
en närmre koppling till psykisk ohälsa i underrätternas bedömning när det
gäller flickors sexuella vanor. Ett sådant samband förekommer inte i samma
utsträckning när rättssubjektet är en pojke. (Less)
Abstract
Self-harm is a growing problem in our society, especially among adolescents.
The purpose of this essay is to investigate under which circumstances selfdestructive sex can be considered a reason for compulsory care according to
3 § Care of Young Persons Act, LVU. The current legal conditions will be
explored as well as case law.
Compulsory care is intended to provide help to young people whose safety is
at risk. Such aid can be given in accordance with 3 § LVU if the young person
has an addiction, takes part in criminal activities or some other form of
socially destructive behaviour. For it to be considered destructive, it needs to
divert from basic societal norms. Self-harm can, under certain circumstances,
be considered... (More)
Self-harm is a growing problem in our society, especially among adolescents.
The purpose of this essay is to investigate under which circumstances selfdestructive sex can be considered a reason for compulsory care according to
3 § Care of Young Persons Act, LVU. The current legal conditions will be
explored as well as case law.
Compulsory care is intended to provide help to young people whose safety is
at risk. Such aid can be given in accordance with 3 § LVU if the young person
has an addiction, takes part in criminal activities or some other form of
socially destructive behaviour. For it to be considered destructive, it needs to
divert from basic societal norms. Self-harm can, under certain circumstances,
be considered such a behaviour according to Swedish Government Official
Reports (SOU). Self-destructive behaviour can express itself in many ways,
one of which is participating in potentially harmful sexual activities. There
are no clear answers as to when sex diverts from societal norms, and it is
therefore unclear when it provides a basis for compulsory care. There is
however a legal distinction between self-destructive sex in accordance with 3
§ LVU and behaviours that can be considered as symptoms of mental illness.
If the behaviour is due to a diagnosis, LVU is not applicable.
There is no precedent that provides guidance for when self-destructive sex
can be considered socially destructive behaviour, the investigation is
therefore based on the lower administrative courts. While the legal framework
lacks a definitive answer, it is made clear by the courts that sex can be
considered a socially destructive behaviour. However, it should be noted that
they do not specify why it is a reason for compulsory care. There are
similarities between the cases, which does provide some guidance. For instance, when adolescents have a high number of sexual partners or an unequal
power dynamic such as a significant age difference. It is also made clear that
prostitution should be considered a socially destructive behaviour. This includes instances when there is a reason to suspect that the adolescent
provides such services, even if it isn’t something that can be proven.
LVU is phrased in a gender-neutral manner and is intended to be applicable
to girls and boys equally. However, it does not provide the courts with much
guidance as to when compulsory care is suitable. The way the law is applied
by the administrative courts does not appear to reflect gender neutrality. Girls
seem to be considered in need of care to a greater extent than boys. While
there are cases regarding boys as well as girls, the girls are portrayed as more
vulnerable, and sex is therefore considered to be a greater risk to their health
and safety. Furthermore, the courts seem to consider girls’ mental health
problems to have a closer connection to psychological issues than they do
regarding the boys’. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Skahlman, Ida LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20232
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Socialrätt, 3 § LVU, tvångsvård, social and welfare law, Diskursanalys, Självdestruktivt sex
language
Swedish
id
9142918
date added to LUP
2024-02-02 12:36:01
date last changed
2024-02-02 12:36:01
@misc{9142918,
  abstract     = {{Self-harm is a growing problem in our society, especially among adolescents. 
The purpose of this essay is to investigate under which circumstances selfdestructive sex can be considered a reason for compulsory care according to 
3 § Care of Young Persons Act, LVU. The current legal conditions will be 
explored as well as case law. 
Compulsory care is intended to provide help to young people whose safety is 
at risk. Such aid can be given in accordance with 3 § LVU if the young person 
has an addiction, takes part in criminal activities or some other form of 
socially destructive behaviour. For it to be considered destructive, it needs to 
divert from basic societal norms. Self-harm can, under certain circumstances, 
be considered such a behaviour according to Swedish Government Official 
Reports (SOU). Self-destructive behaviour can express itself in many ways, 
one of which is participating in potentially harmful sexual activities. There 
are no clear answers as to when sex diverts from societal norms, and it is 
therefore unclear when it provides a basis for compulsory care. There is 
however a legal distinction between self-destructive sex in accordance with 3 
§ LVU and behaviours that can be considered as symptoms of mental illness.
If the behaviour is due to a diagnosis, LVU is not applicable.
There is no precedent that provides guidance for when self-destructive sex 
can be considered socially destructive behaviour, the investigation is 
therefore based on the lower administrative courts. While the legal framework
lacks a definitive answer, it is made clear by the courts that sex can be 
considered a socially destructive behaviour. However, it should be noted that 
they do not specify why it is a reason for compulsory care. There are 
similarities between the cases, which does provide some guidance. For instance, when adolescents have a high number of sexual partners or an unequal
power dynamic such as a significant age difference. It is also made clear that 
prostitution should be considered a socially destructive behaviour. This includes instances when there is a reason to suspect that the adolescent 
provides such services, even if it isn’t something that can be proven. 
LVU is phrased in a gender-neutral manner and is intended to be applicable 
to girls and boys equally. However, it does not provide the courts with much 
guidance as to when compulsory care is suitable. The way the law is applied
by the administrative courts does not appear to reflect gender neutrality. Girls 
seem to be considered in need of care to a greater extent than boys. While 
there are cases regarding boys as well as girls, the girls are portrayed as more 
vulnerable, and sex is therefore considered to be a greater risk to their health 
and safety. Furthermore, the courts seem to consider girls’ mental health 
problems to have a closer connection to psychological issues than they do 
regarding the boys’.}},
  author       = {{Skahlman, Ida}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Socialt nedbrytande beteende – eller ett dubbelt normsystem? En kritisk diskursanalys av könsroller och hur självdestruktivt sex framställs vid tillämpning av 3 § LVU på förvaltningsrättsnivå}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}