Heligt bokbål - yttrandefrihet, hets mot folkgrupp, eller hate speech? En analys av huruvida koranbränningar kan förbjudas genom 16 kap. 8 § eller EKMR
(2023) LAGF03 20232Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- I demokratiska länder anses yttrandefriheten vara ett av de viktigaste verkty-gen för att garantera och säkerställa ett demokratiskt styrelseskick, och i Sve-rige finns en tradition av en långtgående yttrandefrihet. Yttrandefriheten ham-nar dock ofta i konflikt med andra skyddsvärda intressen. Med de senaste årets offentliga koranbränningar har en sådan konflikt fått mycket uppmärk-samhet, nämligen var gränsen går mellan yttrandefriheten och brottet hets mot folkgrupp. Den svenska regleringen påverkas av Sveriges åtaganden enligt den Europeiska konventionen om skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna och de grundläggande friheterna (Europakonventionen, EKMR), däribland Europa-domstolens praxis. I ett flertal av Europadomstolens fall diskuteras... (More)
- I demokratiska länder anses yttrandefriheten vara ett av de viktigaste verkty-gen för att garantera och säkerställa ett demokratiskt styrelseskick, och i Sve-rige finns en tradition av en långtgående yttrandefrihet. Yttrandefriheten ham-nar dock ofta i konflikt med andra skyddsvärda intressen. Med de senaste årets offentliga koranbränningar har en sådan konflikt fått mycket uppmärk-samhet, nämligen var gränsen går mellan yttrandefriheten och brottet hets mot folkgrupp. Den svenska regleringen påverkas av Sveriges åtaganden enligt den Europeiska konventionen om skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna och de grundläggande friheterna (Europakonventionen, EKMR), däribland Europa-domstolens praxis. I ett flertal av Europadomstolens fall diskuteras hate speech, d.v.s. yttranden som inte skyddas av Europakonventionens artikel om yttrandefrihet. Uppsatsens syfte är därför att undersöka om offentliga koran-bränningar kan förbjudas inom ramen för antingen brottet hets mot folkgrupp eller brottet hate speech, och även då synliggöra hur de två samarbetar i den svenska rättstillämpningen. I uppsatsen används den rättsdogmatiska metoden med fokus på lagstiftning, förarbeten, rättspraxis och doktrin. Resultatet tyder på att hate speech, som det utvecklats i Europadomstolens praxis, har ett bre-dare tillämpningsområde än vad hets mot folkgrupp har, och därav sannolikt även omfattar offentliga koranbränningar. Vid ett samspel av nationella rätts-källor och Europadomstolens praxis möjliggörs även en konventionsenlig uttolkning av bestämmelsen om hets mot folkgrupp, vilket i sin tur tillåter fäl-lande domar gentemot gärningsmän som utfört koranbränningar. Rättsläget är dock ännu oklart i förhållande till vilka särskilda omständigheter som enligt en domstol är avgörande för att offentliga koranbränningar ska nå över tröskeln för straffbarhet, och olika ställningstaganden har framförts i debatten. Avsak-naden av vägledning från domstol i frågan har fått avsevärda konsekvenser både inrikes och utrikes, varför det är angeläget att frågan prövas rättsligt av domstol. (Less)
- Abstract
- In democratic countries, freedom of speech is considered an indispensable tool to guarantee and ensure democratic governance, and in Sweden, that free-dom is particularly far reaching. However, this freedom often conflicts with other interests worthy of protection. With the past years’ burning of Qurans, such a conflict has come to the surface, in which freedom of speech stands against the crime of agitation against an ethnic or national group. The Swe-dish regulation is affected by Sweden’s commitments under the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR), including the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (EC-tHR). Hate speech, i.e. statements that are not protected by the Convention’s... (More)
- In democratic countries, freedom of speech is considered an indispensable tool to guarantee and ensure democratic governance, and in Sweden, that free-dom is particularly far reaching. However, this freedom often conflicts with other interests worthy of protection. With the past years’ burning of Qurans, such a conflict has come to the surface, in which freedom of speech stands against the crime of agitation against an ethnic or national group. The Swe-dish regulation is affected by Sweden’s commitments under the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR), including the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (EC-tHR). Hate speech, i.e. statements that are not protected by the Convention’s article on freedom of expression, is discussed in a number of cases from the ECtHR. Hence, the purpose of this essay is to examine whether public burn-ings of the Quran can be prohibited within the framework of either the crime of agitation against an ethnic or national group, or the crime of hate speech, and demonstrate how the two rules complement each other. In this essay, the legal dogmatic method is applied with a focus on legislation, legislative histo-ry and preparatory works, case law, and doctrine. The result of the study indi-cates that hate speech, as developed in the European Court’s case law, has a wider scope of application than the crime of agitation against an ethnic or na-tional group. As such, public Quran burnings are most likely considered hate speech. An interplay of Swedish law and case law from the ECtHR further enables a convention-compliant interpretation of the crime of agitation against an ethnic or national group, which in turn allows a conviction against the per-petrators who carried out the public Quran burnings. On the other hand, the legal situation remains unclear as to which circumstances would be deemed necessary by a court for public burnings of the Quran to exceed the threshold for criminality, and different perspectives have been presented in the public debate. The lack of court jurisprudence on the issue has had considerable con-sequences both domestically and abroad, and therefore it is pertinent that the matter be settled by a court of law. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9143127
- author
- Juhlin-Dannfelt, Roya LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20232
- year
- 2023
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- Statsrätt, Straffrätt
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9143127
- date added to LUP
- 2024-02-02 12:15:50
- date last changed
- 2024-02-02 12:15:50
@misc{9143127,
abstract = {{In democratic countries, freedom of speech is considered an indispensable tool to guarantee and ensure democratic governance, and in Sweden, that free-dom is particularly far reaching. However, this freedom often conflicts with other interests worthy of protection. With the past years’ burning of Qurans, such a conflict has come to the surface, in which freedom of speech stands against the crime of agitation against an ethnic or national group. The Swe-dish regulation is affected by Sweden’s commitments under the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR), including the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (EC-tHR). Hate speech, i.e. statements that are not protected by the Convention’s article on freedom of expression, is discussed in a number of cases from the ECtHR. Hence, the purpose of this essay is to examine whether public burn-ings of the Quran can be prohibited within the framework of either the crime of agitation against an ethnic or national group, or the crime of hate speech, and demonstrate how the two rules complement each other. In this essay, the legal dogmatic method is applied with a focus on legislation, legislative histo-ry and preparatory works, case law, and doctrine. The result of the study indi-cates that hate speech, as developed in the European Court’s case law, has a wider scope of application than the crime of agitation against an ethnic or na-tional group. As such, public Quran burnings are most likely considered hate speech. An interplay of Swedish law and case law from the ECtHR further enables a convention-compliant interpretation of the crime of agitation against an ethnic or national group, which in turn allows a conviction against the per-petrators who carried out the public Quran burnings. On the other hand, the legal situation remains unclear as to which circumstances would be deemed necessary by a court for public burnings of the Quran to exceed the threshold for criminality, and different perspectives have been presented in the public debate. The lack of court jurisprudence on the issue has had considerable con-sequences both domestically and abroad, and therefore it is pertinent that the matter be settled by a court of law.}},
author = {{Juhlin-Dannfelt, Roya}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Heligt bokbål - yttrandefrihet, hets mot folkgrupp, eller hate speech? En analys av huruvida koranbränningar kan förbjudas genom 16 kap. 8 § eller EKMR}},
year = {{2023}},
}