Diplomatins dolda dimension - En rättshistorisk analys av hur sambandet mellan diplomati och underrättelseverksamhet har påverkat utvecklingen av diplomatisk immunitet
(2023) JURM02 20232Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract
- Countries being accused of conducting clandestine intelligence activities under diplomatic cover is a recurring phenomenon throughout history. Diplomacy and intelligence have a long and intertwined history. Over time, diplomacy and intelligence services have had a mutual need for each other's activities, complementing each other but also acting as rivals in the professional field. The parallels are considered to be most evident when the activities are combined in the case of intelligence work carried out under diplomatic cover.
A fundamental reason for intelligence agencies occasionally utilizing diplomatic cover is the access it provides to diplomatic immunity. Diplomatic immunity offers extensive protection from criminal jurisdiction... (More) - Countries being accused of conducting clandestine intelligence activities under diplomatic cover is a recurring phenomenon throughout history. Diplomacy and intelligence have a long and intertwined history. Over time, diplomacy and intelligence services have had a mutual need for each other's activities, complementing each other but also acting as rivals in the professional field. The parallels are considered to be most evident when the activities are combined in the case of intelligence work carried out under diplomatic cover.
A fundamental reason for intelligence agencies occasionally utilizing diplomatic cover is the access it provides to diplomatic immunity. Diplomatic immunity offers extensive protection from criminal jurisdiction in foreign states, which is of great importance since intelligence activities against the state are often criminalized under national law. Working under diplomatic cover offers enhanced conditions for conducting intelligence activities, especially those that are considered incompatible under national law, without criminal consequences.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which the relationship between diplomacy and intelligence has been expressed in law, by using a legal history method. In particular, the development will be analyzed with a focus on diplomatic immunity. The aim is to determine the extent to which intelligence activities carried out under diplomatic cover have influenced the development of the legal principles of diplomatic immunity.
The study identified several interesting parallels in the shared history of diplomacy and intelligence activities that have had a legal impact. However, it is recognized that the principles underlying diplomatic immunity are deeply rooted in customary international law. The importance of preserving diplomatic immunity has historically been greater than the need to curb intelligence activities. However, the paper shows that the system of rules surrounding diploma-tic immunity has been largely influenced by the relationship between diplomacy and intelligence work. In this regard, the existence of unauthorized intelligence activities carried out under diplomatic cover has acted as a driving force. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- Att länder anklagas för att bedriva otillåten underrättelseverksamhet under diplomatisk täckmantel är ett återkommande fenomen genom historien. Diplomati och underrättelseverksamhet har en lång och sammanflätad historia. Över tid har diplomatin och underrättelsetjänsterna haft ett ömsesidigt behov av varandras verksamheter. Institutionerna har samspelat, men också agerat som konkurrenter. Parallellerna kan anses komma till tydligast uttryck när verksamheterna kombineras när det gäller underrättelseverksamhet som bedrivs under diplomatisk täckmantel.
En grundläggande orsak till att underrättelseverksamheter stundtals utnyttjar diplomatiska täckbefattningar är den tillgång det ger till diplomatisk immunitet. Den diplomatiska immuniteten... (More) - Att länder anklagas för att bedriva otillåten underrättelseverksamhet under diplomatisk täckmantel är ett återkommande fenomen genom historien. Diplomati och underrättelseverksamhet har en lång och sammanflätad historia. Över tid har diplomatin och underrättelsetjänsterna haft ett ömsesidigt behov av varandras verksamheter. Institutionerna har samspelat, men också agerat som konkurrenter. Parallellerna kan anses komma till tydligast uttryck när verksamheterna kombineras när det gäller underrättelseverksamhet som bedrivs under diplomatisk täckmantel.
En grundläggande orsak till att underrättelseverksamheter stundtals utnyttjar diplomatiska täckbefattningar är den tillgång det ger till diplomatisk immunitet. Den diplomatiska immuniteten innebär ett omfattande skydd mot straffrättsliga åtgärder i främmande stater, vilket är av stor vikt eftersom underrättelseverksamhet riktat mot staten oftast är straffbelagd enligt nationell lagstiftning. Att arbeta under diplomatisk täckmantel erbjuder därför ökade förutsättningar för att bedriva underrättelseverksamhet, särskilt sådan som är otillåten enligt nationell lagstiftning, utan straffrättsliga konsekvenser.
Syftet med denna uppsats är att med rättshistorisk metod utreda i vilken utsträckning sambandet mellan diplomati och underrättelseverksamhet har kommit till uttryck på det rättsliga planet. I synnerhet ska utvecklingen utredas med fokus på den diplomatiska immuniteten. Målet är att fastslå i vilken grad underrättelseverksamhet som utförs under diplomatisk täckmantel har influerat utformningen av de juridiska principerna om diplomatisk immunitet.
Utredningen har påvisat en rad intressanta paralleller i diplomatins och underrättelseverksamheternas gemensamma historia med rättsligt genomslag. Det konstateras att de principer som ligger till grund för den diplomatiska immuniteten är djupt förankrade i internationell sedvanerätt. Vikten av att bevara diplomatisk immunitet har historiskt sett varit större än behovet av att stävja underrättelseverksamhet. Emellertid visar uppsatsen att det större system av bestämmelser som omgärdar den diplomatiska immuniteten i högre grad har påverkats av förhållandet mellan diplomati och underrättelseverksamhet. I detta avseende har förekomsten av otillåten underrättelseverksamhet som bedrivs under diplomatisk täckmantel fungerat som en drivkraft. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9143558
- author
- Tillman, Caroline LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- The hidden dimension of diplomacy - A legal historical analysis of how the link between diplomacy and intelligence has influenced the development of diplomatic immunity
- course
- JURM02 20232
- year
- 2023
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- rättshistoria
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9143558
- date added to LUP
- 2024-01-25 12:22:39
- date last changed
- 2024-01-25 12:22:39
@misc{9143558,
abstract = {{Countries being accused of conducting clandestine intelligence activities under diplomatic cover is a recurring phenomenon throughout history. Diplomacy and intelligence have a long and intertwined history. Over time, diplomacy and intelligence services have had a mutual need for each other's activities, complementing each other but also acting as rivals in the professional field. The parallels are considered to be most evident when the activities are combined in the case of intelligence work carried out under diplomatic cover.
A fundamental reason for intelligence agencies occasionally utilizing diplomatic cover is the access it provides to diplomatic immunity. Diplomatic immunity offers extensive protection from criminal jurisdiction in foreign states, which is of great importance since intelligence activities against the state are often criminalized under national law. Working under diplomatic cover offers enhanced conditions for conducting intelligence activities, especially those that are considered incompatible under national law, without criminal consequences.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which the relationship between diplomacy and intelligence has been expressed in law, by using a legal history method. In particular, the development will be analyzed with a focus on diplomatic immunity. The aim is to determine the extent to which intelligence activities carried out under diplomatic cover have influenced the development of the legal principles of diplomatic immunity.
The study identified several interesting parallels in the shared history of diplomacy and intelligence activities that have had a legal impact. However, it is recognized that the principles underlying diplomatic immunity are deeply rooted in customary international law. The importance of preserving diplomatic immunity has historically been greater than the need to curb intelligence activities. However, the paper shows that the system of rules surrounding diploma-tic immunity has been largely influenced by the relationship between diplomacy and intelligence work. In this regard, the existence of unauthorized intelligence activities carried out under diplomatic cover has acted as a driving force.}},
author = {{Tillman, Caroline}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Diplomatins dolda dimension - En rättshistorisk analys av hur sambandet mellan diplomati och underrättelseverksamhet har påverkat utvecklingen av diplomatisk immunitet}},
year = {{2023}},
}