Ett Adekvat Låneförbud
(2024) JURM02 20241Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Låneförbuden i den svenska aktiebolagslagen (ABL) utgör kapitalskydds-regler och innefattar två separata förbudsbestämmelser. Först, ett generellt låneförbud, ofta benämnt som förbudet mot närståendelån, som specificeras i 21 kap. 1§ ABL. Detta förbud hindrar aktiebolag från att låna ut pengar till exempelvis styrelsemedlemmar, aktieägare i bolaget, eller andra bolag inom samma koncern. För det andra, ett särskilt låneförbud riktat mot lån som används för att förvärva aktier i bolaget eller ett överordnat bolag i koncernen, vilket kallas för förvärslåneförbudet i 21 kap. 5 § ABL.
Trots att dessa låneförbudsregler framställs som kapitalskyddsåtgärder i lagstiftningen och vanligtvis refereras till som sådana, kan deras verkliga funktion... (More) - Låneförbuden i den svenska aktiebolagslagen (ABL) utgör kapitalskydds-regler och innefattar två separata förbudsbestämmelser. Först, ett generellt låneförbud, ofta benämnt som förbudet mot närståendelån, som specificeras i 21 kap. 1§ ABL. Detta förbud hindrar aktiebolag från att låna ut pengar till exempelvis styrelsemedlemmar, aktieägare i bolaget, eller andra bolag inom samma koncern. För det andra, ett särskilt låneförbud riktat mot lån som används för att förvärva aktier i bolaget eller ett överordnat bolag i koncernen, vilket kallas för förvärslåneförbudet i 21 kap. 5 § ABL.
Trots att dessa låneförbudsregler framställs som kapitalskyddsåtgärder i lagstiftningen och vanligtvis refereras till som sådana, kan deras verkliga funktion ifrågasättas. Den aktiebolagsutredning som fick i uppdrag att ut-forska explicita låneförbudsregler, presenterade ursprungligen förslaget som just tydliga kapitalskyddsregler, främst avsedda att skydda bolagets borgenärer. Från otillbörliga dispositioner av bolagets medel. Emellertid skedde en förändring i de bakomliggande motiven när lagstiftningen sedan implementerades. Förändringen baserades på lagstiftarens syn att lån till aktieägare främst användes som ett medel att undvika eller skjuta upp be-skattning. Denna ändrade syn resulterade i bestämmelsernas omfattning utvidgades, de undantag som föranledde viss flexibilitet avskaffades samt att bestämmelserna ackompanjerades av stränga sanktioner.
Reglerna har sedan dess varit föremål för betydande debatt i såväl i littera-turen som i offentliga utredningar. Trots omfattande kritik har lagstiftning-en bibehållit sin ursprungliga form. I uppsatsen utreds den nuvarande lag-stiftningens omfattning och motiv, vilka intressen som kan motivera lag-stiftarens stränga hållning, samt utforska möjliga alternativa lösningar framåt. (Less) - Abstract
- The loan prohibitions in the Swedish Aktiebolagslagen (ABL) constitute capital protection rules and mainly encompass two separate prohibition provisions. First, a general loan prohibition, often referred to as the prohibi-tion against loans to related parties (närståendelåneförbudet), which is specified in ABL chapter 21, section 1. This prohibition prevents Swedish limited companies (Sw. aktiebolag) from lending money to, for example, board members or shareholders in the company, or other companies within the same group. Secondly, a specific loan prohibition aimed at loans used to acquire shares in the company or a parent company in the group, referred to as the acquisition loan prohibition (Sw. förvärvslåneförbudet) in ABL chapter 21,... (More)
- The loan prohibitions in the Swedish Aktiebolagslagen (ABL) constitute capital protection rules and mainly encompass two separate prohibition provisions. First, a general loan prohibition, often referred to as the prohibi-tion against loans to related parties (närståendelåneförbudet), which is specified in ABL chapter 21, section 1. This prohibition prevents Swedish limited companies (Sw. aktiebolag) from lending money to, for example, board members or shareholders in the company, or other companies within the same group. Secondly, a specific loan prohibition aimed at loans used to acquire shares in the company or a parent company in the group, referred to as the acquisition loan prohibition (Sw. förvärvslåneförbudet) in ABL chapter 21, section 5.
Although these loan prohibition rules are presented as capital protection measures in the legislation and are usually referred to as such, their real function can be questioned. The corporate law investigation (Sw. aktiebo-lagsutredningen) tasked with explicitly researching loan prohibition rules originally presented the proposal as such, clear capital protection rules, primarily intended to protect the company's creditors from improper dispo-sitions of the company’s funds. However, a change in the underlying mo-tives occurred when the legislation was implemented. The change was based on the legislator's view that loans to shareholders were primarily used as a means to avoid or defer taxation. This altered view resulted in the expansion of the provisions' scope, the elimination of exceptions that al-lowed for some flexibility, and the accompanying of strict sanctions.
Since then, the rules have been the subject of significant debate in both literature and public inquiries. Despite extensive criticism, the legislation has maintained its original form. The essay investigates the current legisla-tion’s scope and motives, the interests that may motivate the legislator's strict stance, and explores possible alternative solutions going forward. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9151117
- author
- Schildt, Elias LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- An Adequate Prohibition of Loans from Companies
- course
- JURM02 20241
- year
- 2024
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- associationsrätt, förmögenhetsrätt
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9151117
- date added to LUP
- 2024-06-18 10:10:23
- date last changed
- 2024-06-18 10:10:23
@misc{9151117,
abstract = {{The loan prohibitions in the Swedish Aktiebolagslagen (ABL) constitute capital protection rules and mainly encompass two separate prohibition provisions. First, a general loan prohibition, often referred to as the prohibi-tion against loans to related parties (närståendelåneförbudet), which is specified in ABL chapter 21, section 1. This prohibition prevents Swedish limited companies (Sw. aktiebolag) from lending money to, for example, board members or shareholders in the company, or other companies within the same group. Secondly, a specific loan prohibition aimed at loans used to acquire shares in the company or a parent company in the group, referred to as the acquisition loan prohibition (Sw. förvärvslåneförbudet) in ABL chapter 21, section 5.
Although these loan prohibition rules are presented as capital protection measures in the legislation and are usually referred to as such, their real function can be questioned. The corporate law investigation (Sw. aktiebo-lagsutredningen) tasked with explicitly researching loan prohibition rules originally presented the proposal as such, clear capital protection rules, primarily intended to protect the company's creditors from improper dispo-sitions of the company’s funds. However, a change in the underlying mo-tives occurred when the legislation was implemented. The change was based on the legislator's view that loans to shareholders were primarily used as a means to avoid or defer taxation. This altered view resulted in the expansion of the provisions' scope, the elimination of exceptions that al-lowed for some flexibility, and the accompanying of strict sanctions.
Since then, the rules have been the subject of significant debate in both literature and public inquiries. Despite extensive criticism, the legislation has maintained its original form. The essay investigates the current legisla-tion’s scope and motives, the interests that may motivate the legislator's strict stance, and explores possible alternative solutions going forward.}},
author = {{Schildt, Elias}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Ett Adekvat Låneförbud}},
year = {{2024}},
}