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Prisavdrag vid fel i fastighet – En studie av prisavdraget och dess tillämpning i tingsrätterna

Wallin, Jonathan LU (2024) JURM02 20241
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
När det föreligger ett fel i en fastighet finns det flera påföljder som står köpa-ren till buds. Den vanligaste åtgärd som en köpare vidtar i dessa fall är att begära kompensation för felet genom ett prisavdrag. Prisavdrag är en påföljd vars syfte är att återställa den avtalsbalans mellan parternas prestationer som rubbats med anledning av felet. Hur man återställer denna avtalsbalans beror på vilken avtalstyp prestationen avser.
I uppsatsen undersöker jag med hjälp av rättsdogmatisk metod hur prisavdraget vid fel i fastighet är tänkt att tillämpas. Utifrån den gällande rätt som framkommit utreds genom en empirisk undersökning av tingsrättsavgöranden även i vilken utsträckning lagstiftarens intentioner om hur prisavdraget är tänkt att... (More)
När det föreligger ett fel i en fastighet finns det flera påföljder som står köpa-ren till buds. Den vanligaste åtgärd som en köpare vidtar i dessa fall är att begära kompensation för felet genom ett prisavdrag. Prisavdrag är en påföljd vars syfte är att återställa den avtalsbalans mellan parternas prestationer som rubbats med anledning av felet. Hur man återställer denna avtalsbalans beror på vilken avtalstyp prestationen avser.
I uppsatsen undersöker jag med hjälp av rättsdogmatisk metod hur prisavdraget vid fel i fastighet är tänkt att tillämpas. Utifrån den gällande rätt som framkommit utreds genom en empirisk undersökning av tingsrättsavgöranden även i vilken utsträckning lagstiftarens intentioner om hur prisavdraget är tänkt att tillämpas efterlevs i tingsrätterna. Slutligen genomförs även en kritisk rättsdogmatisk metod i syfte att problematisera de slutsatser som kunnat dras av jämförelsen mellan gällande rätt och dess genomslag i tingsrätterna. Utredningen av gällande rätt sker med hjälp av material som lagtext, förarbeten, praxis från Högsta domstolen och rättsvetenskaplig litteratur, medan materialet till den empiriska undersökningen består av tingsrättsavgöranden.
Av utredningen av gällande rätt framgår det att prisavdraget vid fel i fastighet ska kompensera köparen för fastighetens värdeskillnad med anledning av felet. För att uppskatta fastighetens värdeskillnad och därigenom prisavdragets storlek finns det en lagstadgad beräkningsmetod i 4 kap. 19 c § JB. Denna metod kallas för den proportionella metoden och den utgår från att prisavdraget ska beräknas så att förhållandet mellan det nedsatta och avtalsenliga priset motsvarar förhållandet vid tidpunkten för tillträdet mellan fastighetens värde i avtalsenligt och felaktigt skick. Denna metod har emellertid bedömts vara svår att tillämpa, vilket har resulterat i att en andra alternativ hjälpmetod vunnit erkännande, den direkta metoden. Enligt denna metod ska prisavdragets storlek beräknas utifrån kostnaderna för att åtgärda felet.
Vid en jämförelse av prisavdraget enligt gällande rätt och enligt tingsrätterna har det av den empiriska undersökningen framgått att prisavdraget i tingsrätterna på flera betydande sätt avviker från prisavdraget enligt gällande rätt. En betydande avvikelse från gällande rätt är att tingsrätterna tenderar att avvika från den lagstadgade proportionella metoden till förmån för den direkta metoden. Denna ordning medför att prisavdraget i stället för att kompensera för fastighetens värdeskillnad blir ett verktyg för köparen att få sina åtgärdandekostnader ersatta. Därutöver har det framgått att tingsrätterna i samtliga av de undersökta avgörandena där den direkta metoden tillämpats inte beräknat prisavdraget utifrån åtgärdandekostnaderna per tillträdesdagen enligt gällande rätt, utan baserat på de faktiska åtgärdandekostnaderna.
För att harmonisera gällande rätt med rättstillämpningen i tingsrätterna konstaterar jag att det finns skäl att förändra rättsläget för att dels skapa en större överensstämmelse mellan gällande rätt och den faktiska rättstillämpningen, dels säkerställa att prisavdragets syfte i större utsträckning efterlevs. För att genomföra denna förändring föreslår jag att man bör införa ett andra stycke i 4 kap. 19 c § JB. Det andra stycke bör enligt mig föreskriva att om det föreligger svårigheter att tillämpa den proportionella metoden i första stycket bör prisavdraget fastställas till kostnaderna för att åtgärda felet. (Less)
Abstract
When there is a defect in a property, there are several remedies available to the buyer. The most common action a buyer takes in these cases is to request compensation for the defect through a price reduction. Price reduction is a remedy aimed at restoring the contractual balance between the parties’ performances that has been disturbed due to the defect. Depending on the type of agreement the performance relates to the method of achieving this contractual balance differs.
In this essay using legal dogmatic method I examine how the price reduction in case of defects in property is intended to be applied. Based on these results I also investigate the extent to which the legislator’s intention regarding the application of the price... (More)
When there is a defect in a property, there are several remedies available to the buyer. The most common action a buyer takes in these cases is to request compensation for the defect through a price reduction. Price reduction is a remedy aimed at restoring the contractual balance between the parties’ performances that has been disturbed due to the defect. Depending on the type of agreement the performance relates to the method of achieving this contractual balance differs.
In this essay using legal dogmatic method I examine how the price reduction in case of defects in property is intended to be applied. Based on these results I also investigate the extent to which the legislator’s intention regarding the application of the price reduction are adhered to in the district courts. This comparison is made through an empirical study of district court rulings. Additionally, a critical legal dogmatic method is used to problematize the conclusions drawn from the comparison between applicable law and its impact in the district courts. The investigation of applicable law is conducted using materials such as wording of the law, legislative history, precedents from the Swedish Supreme Court, and legal literature, while the material for the empirical study consists of district court rulings.
The study of applicable law reveals that the price reduction in case of defect in property is supposed to compensate the buyer for the difference in value of the property due to the defect. To estimate the difference in value of the property and thus the size of the price reduction, there is a legislated calculation method in chapter 4, section 19 c of the Land Code. This described method is called the proportional method and it is based on the principle that the price reduction should be calculated so that the ratio between the reduced price and the contractual price corresponds to the ratio between the value of the property in accordance with the contract and its defective condition at the time when the buyer got access to the property. However, this method has been deemed as difficult to apply, resulting in the recognition of a second alternative method, which is called the direct method. According to this method, the size of the price reduction is calculated based on the costs of restoring the property to its contractual condition.
In the comparison of the price reduction according to applicable law and according to the district courts, the empirical study has revealed that the price reduction in the district courts deviates from the price reduction according to applicable law in several ways. A significant deviation from applicable law is that the district courts tend to deviate from the legislated proportional method in favor of the direct method. This practice means that instead of compensating for the difference in value of the property, the price reduction becomes a tool for the buyer to have his costs of restoring the property to contractual condition reimbursed. Furthermore, it has emerged that in all the examined rulings where the direct method has been used, the district courts have not calculated the price reduction based on the costs as of the date when the buyer got access to the property according to applicable law, but rather based on the actual remedial costs.
To harmonize the applicable law with the application of the law in the district courts, I believe there are reasons to change the legal situation to create greater consistency between applicable law and actual legal practice, and to ensure that the purpose of the price reduction is more fully complied with. To implement this change, I propose that a second paragraph should be introduced in chapter 4, section 19 c of the Land Code. The second paragraph, in my opinion, should prescribe that if there are difficulties in applying the proportional method in the first paragraph, the price reduction should be determined based on the costs of restoring the property to its contractual condition. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Wallin, Jonathan LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Price reduction for property defects – a study of price reduction and its application in disctrict courts
course
JURM02 20241
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Förmögenhetsrätt, Fastighetsrätt, Köprätt, Prisavdrag, Påföljder
language
Swedish
id
9152676
date added to LUP
2024-06-03 09:28:25
date last changed
2024-06-03 09:28:25
@misc{9152676,
  abstract     = {{When there is a defect in a property, there are several remedies available to the buyer. The most common action a buyer takes in these cases is to request compensation for the defect through a price reduction. Price reduction is a remedy aimed at restoring the contractual balance between the parties’ performances that has been disturbed due to the defect. Depending on the type of agreement the performance relates to the method of achieving this contractual balance differs.
In this essay using legal dogmatic method I examine how the price reduction in case of defects in property is intended to be applied. Based on these results I also investigate the extent to which the legislator’s intention regarding the application of the price reduction are adhered to in the district courts. This comparison is made through an empirical study of district court rulings. Additionally, a critical legal dogmatic method is used to problematize the conclusions drawn from the comparison between applicable law and its impact in the district courts. The investigation of applicable law is conducted using materials such as wording of the law, legislative history, precedents from the Swedish Supreme Court, and legal literature, while the material for the empirical study consists of district court rulings.
The study of applicable law reveals that the price reduction in case of defect in property is supposed to compensate the buyer for the difference in value of the property due to the defect. To estimate the difference in value of the property and thus the size of the price reduction, there is a legislated calculation method in chapter 4, section 19 c of the Land Code. This described method is called the proportional method and it is based on the principle that the price reduction should be calculated so that the ratio between the reduced price and the contractual price corresponds to the ratio between the value of the property in accordance with the contract and its defective condition at the time when the buyer got access to the property. However, this method has been deemed as difficult to apply, resulting in the recognition of a second alternative method, which is called the direct method. According to this method, the size of the price reduction is calculated based on the costs of restoring the property to its contractual condition.
In the comparison of the price reduction according to applicable law and according to the district courts, the empirical study has revealed that the price reduction in the district courts deviates from the price reduction according to applicable law in several ways. A significant deviation from applicable law is that the district courts tend to deviate from the legislated proportional method in favor of the direct method. This practice means that instead of compensating for the difference in value of the property, the price reduction becomes a tool for the buyer to have his costs of restoring the property to contractual condition reimbursed. Furthermore, it has emerged that in all the examined rulings where the direct method has been used, the district courts have not calculated the price reduction based on the costs as of the date when the buyer got access to the property according to applicable law, but rather based on the actual remedial costs.
To harmonize the applicable law with the application of the law in the district courts, I believe there are reasons to change the legal situation to create greater consistency between applicable law and actual legal practice, and to ensure that the purpose of the price reduction is more fully complied with. To implement this change, I propose that a second paragraph should be introduced in chapter 4, section 19 c of the Land Code. The second paragraph, in my opinion, should prescribe that if there are difficulties in applying the proportional method in the first paragraph, the price reduction should be determined based on the costs of restoring the property to its contractual condition.}},
  author       = {{Wallin, Jonathan}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Prisavdrag vid fel i fastighet – En studie av prisavdraget och dess tillämpning i tingsrätterna}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}