Fara för brottets fullbordan - En analys av försöksbrott med utgångspunkt i NJA 2023 s. 393
(2024) JURM02 20241Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract
- Swedish society has in recent years been severely affected by organized crime. Gang-related conflicts have been escalating and the recruitment to criminal environments goes further and further down the ages. As a result, this has led to an increasing amount of gang violence, including shootings and bombings, which has created a growing concern among the public and authorities.
The police, who play a central role fighting this crime, have applied various strategies and methods to prevent and counteract criminal activity. An important method used has been to replace real weapons and drugs with replicas, preventing the real items from being used in crimes and allowing the police to intervene at an earlier stage.
However, the Supreme... (More) - Swedish society has in recent years been severely affected by organized crime. Gang-related conflicts have been escalating and the recruitment to criminal environments goes further and further down the ages. As a result, this has led to an increasing amount of gang violence, including shootings and bombings, which has created a growing concern among the public and authorities.
The police, who play a central role fighting this crime, have applied various strategies and methods to prevent and counteract criminal activity. An important method used has been to replace real weapons and drugs with replicas, preventing the real items from being used in crimes and allowing the police to intervene at an earlier stage.
However, the Supreme Court’s ruling NJA 2023 p. 393, also known as the “Weapon replica” case, has changed the legal landscape and made it more difficult to sentence criminals for inadequate attempts. The Supreme Court’s decision to acquit two men charged with attempted aggravated weapons offenses due to the weapons having been replaced with replicas has sparked debate and concern that this opens loopholes for gang criminality as well as complicates police work.
The ruling requires that the perpetrator’s intent can be demonstrated before the police intervene, which has made the evidentiary situation very difficult. The criticism of the Supreme Court’s ruling is extensive, but the judgment followed a correct linguistic interpretation of the law according to practice and preparatory work. The problem lies in the outdated legislation that needs to be reformed.
To improve the evidentiary situation and enable effective crime-fighting methods, a legislative amendment is proposed that introduces an exception clause for situations where authorities intervene for law enforcement purposes. This would allow the police to continue using replicas and ensure that criminal intent can be punished even if the completion of the crime was prevented by such interventions.
Overall, it is clear that the attempted crime legislation needs to be modernized to clarify the applicable law and improve the efficiency of crime-fighting without jeopardizing legal certainty. Such a legislative amendment must undergo a thorough legislative process and take into account both legal certainty and public legal awareness. Until then, the police and other law enforcement agencies must adapt to the new circumstances. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- Svenska samhället har på senare år drabbats hårt av organiserad brottslighet, med gängrelaterade konflikter som eskalerat och allt yngre individer som rekryteras till kriminella miljöer. Detta har lett till ett ökande gängvåld, inklusive skjutningar och sprängningar, vilket skapat oro bland allmänheten och myndigheterna. Polisen, som spelar en central roll i bekämpningen av denna brottslighet, har tillämpat olika strategier och metoder för att förebygga och motverka kriminalitet. En viktig metod har varit att byta ut verkliga vapen och narkotika mot attrapper, vilket förhindrar att dessa föremål används i brott och tillåter polisen att ingripa tidigt och åtala för försök till brott.
Högsta domstolens dom NJA 2023 s. 393, även känd som... (More) - Svenska samhället har på senare år drabbats hårt av organiserad brottslighet, med gängrelaterade konflikter som eskalerat och allt yngre individer som rekryteras till kriminella miljöer. Detta har lett till ett ökande gängvåld, inklusive skjutningar och sprängningar, vilket skapat oro bland allmänheten och myndigheterna. Polisen, som spelar en central roll i bekämpningen av denna brottslighet, har tillämpat olika strategier och metoder för att förebygga och motverka kriminalitet. En viktig metod har varit att byta ut verkliga vapen och narkotika mot attrapper, vilket förhindrar att dessa föremål används i brott och tillåter polisen att ingripa tidigt och åtala för försök till brott.
Högsta domstolens dom NJA 2023 s. 393, även känd som “Vapenattrappen”, har dock förändrat rättsläget och försvårat möjligheten att straffa personer för otjänliga försök. HD:s beslut att frikänna två män åtalade för försök till synnerligen grovt vapenbrott på grund av att vapnen bytts ut mot attrapper har skapat debatt och oro över att detta öppnar kryphål för gängkriminalitet och försvårar polisens arbete. Domslutet kräver att gärningspersonens uppsåt kan påvisas innan polisen ingriper, vilket har gjort bevisläget mycket svårt.
Kritiken mot HD:s dom är omfattande, men bedömningen har följt en korrekt språklig tolkning av lagen enligt praxis och förarbeten. Problemet ligger i att lagstiftningen är otidsenlig och behöver reformeras. För att förbättra bevisläget och möjliggöra effektiva brottsbekämpningsmetoder föreslås en lagändring som inför en undantagsklausul för situationer där myndigheter ingriper i brottsbekämpande syfte. Detta skulle tillåta polisen att fortsätta använda attrapper och säkerställa att brottsligt uppsåt kan straffas även om brottets fullbordan förhindrats genom sådana ingripanden.
Sammantaget är det tydligt att försökslagstiftningen behöver moderniseras för att klargöra gällande rätt och förbättra brottsbekämpningens effektivitet utan att äventyra rättssäkerheten. En sådan lagändring måste genomgå en noggrann lagstiftningsprocess och ta hänsyn till både rättssäkerhet och det allmänna rättsmedvetandet. Fram till dess måste polisen och andra brottsbekämpande myndigheter anpassa sig till de nya omständigheterna. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9153114
- author
- Ekholm, Viktoria LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- Risk of Completion of Crime - An Analysis of Attempted Crimes Based on NJA 2023 p. 393
- course
- JURM02 20241
- year
- 2024
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- Straffrätt, Försöksbrott, Vapenattrapp, NJA 2023 s. 393
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9153114
- date added to LUP
- 2024-06-12 08:17:29
- date last changed
- 2024-06-12 08:17:29
@misc{9153114,
abstract = {{Swedish society has in recent years been severely affected by organized crime. Gang-related conflicts have been escalating and the recruitment to criminal environments goes further and further down the ages. As a result, this has led to an increasing amount of gang violence, including shootings and bombings, which has created a growing concern among the public and authorities.
The police, who play a central role fighting this crime, have applied various strategies and methods to prevent and counteract criminal activity. An important method used has been to replace real weapons and drugs with replicas, preventing the real items from being used in crimes and allowing the police to intervene at an earlier stage.
However, the Supreme Court’s ruling NJA 2023 p. 393, also known as the “Weapon replica” case, has changed the legal landscape and made it more difficult to sentence criminals for inadequate attempts. The Supreme Court’s decision to acquit two men charged with attempted aggravated weapons offenses due to the weapons having been replaced with replicas has sparked debate and concern that this opens loopholes for gang criminality as well as complicates police work.
The ruling requires that the perpetrator’s intent can be demonstrated before the police intervene, which has made the evidentiary situation very difficult. The criticism of the Supreme Court’s ruling is extensive, but the judgment followed a correct linguistic interpretation of the law according to practice and preparatory work. The problem lies in the outdated legislation that needs to be reformed.
To improve the evidentiary situation and enable effective crime-fighting methods, a legislative amendment is proposed that introduces an exception clause for situations where authorities intervene for law enforcement purposes. This would allow the police to continue using replicas and ensure that criminal intent can be punished even if the completion of the crime was prevented by such interventions.
Overall, it is clear that the attempted crime legislation needs to be modernized to clarify the applicable law and improve the efficiency of crime-fighting without jeopardizing legal certainty. Such a legislative amendment must undergo a thorough legislative process and take into account both legal certainty and public legal awareness. Until then, the police and other law enforcement agencies must adapt to the new circumstances.}},
author = {{Ekholm, Viktoria}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Fara för brottets fullbordan - En analys av försöksbrott med utgångspunkt i NJA 2023 s. 393}},
year = {{2024}},
}