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Faderskapspresumtionen - En föråldrad huvudregel

Möllebäck, Seth LU (2024) LAGF03 20241
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
The project audits the presumption of fatherhood in the Swedish legal system and related legal areas. This is done to evaluate if the presumption is fulfilling its purpose. To achieve this a thorough analysis of the subject is conducted. The history of the legal area is explored, and the applicable law is reviewed. The interests in of the different involved parties such as the parents and the public have been defined. This also relates to the principle of the best interest of the child.
Historically children have been defined by if they were conceived within or outside of wedlock. Today this is not the case and is almost completely out of the legal system. As time progressed, the rights of children have come to be regarded as the most... (More)
The project audits the presumption of fatherhood in the Swedish legal system and related legal areas. This is done to evaluate if the presumption is fulfilling its purpose. To achieve this a thorough analysis of the subject is conducted. The history of the legal area is explored, and the applicable law is reviewed. The interests in of the different involved parties such as the parents and the public have been defined. This also relates to the principle of the best interest of the child.
Historically children have been defined by if they were conceived within or outside of wedlock. Today this is not the case and is almost completely out of the legal system. As time progressed, the rights of children have come to be regarded as the most important part of family law. How parenthood is estab-lished has also changed over the years.
The main rule of determining fatherhood has been through the presumption of fatherhood. This presumption establishes that the husband of a woman who gives birth to a child, is to be assumed to be the father of said child. When the presumption is not applicable, fatherhood is declared through a confirmation or a verdict. The woman who gives birth to a child is regarded as the mother of the child. The best interest of the child regarding the subject is to ensure two parents for the child as far as possible.
The interests to regard in the legislative process is that of the public, the par-ents as well as the child. It is in the interest of the public to legislate in an equal manor, and to live up to the international codes it has promised to up-hold. The interest of the parents is to ensure that the right parents are declared parents to the right child, as it is of great importance if the parents want to care for their children. The code of conduct is that parents are to care for their chil-dren. If this is not done properly, the social services steps in to make sure the children are ensured their rights.
In the legislative process, it has been discussed both to remove and expand the fatherhood presumption. To remove the presumption has historically been associated with an additional and unnecessary workload for the public. To expand the presumption has been problematic, as domestic partners are not registered and would presumably lead to unclear and faulty results.
In recent years a new presumption of parenthood has been introduced which include same-sex couples who are married or registered partners. A new and simpler form of fatherhood confirmation has also been introduced.
To conclude, the presumption of fatherhood is outdated and in need of revi-sion. A new main rule for establishing parenthood should be considered. In my opinion the simpler form of confirmation is one of the better options that would be more in line with the best interests of the child according to me. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Arbetet utreder faderskapspresumtionen och närliggande rättsområden. Syftet med detta är att granska presumtionen och utvärdera om denna är att anse fyll-ler sitt syfte. Detta görs genom att analysera såväl hur det sett ut historiskt som att konstatera hur den gällande rätten ser ut. Detta har även ställts emot de intressen som finns i samhället, hos föräldrarna samt principen om barnets bästa.
Historiskt har barn huvudsakligen delats in i äkta respektive oäkta barn. Detta har med tiden luckrats upp och har idag nästan helt slussats ut ur rätten. Idag är det vanligare att födas utanför äktenskap. I takt med tiden har även barnens rätt stärkts och är nu kanske det viktigaste hänseendet inom familjerätten. Hur föräldraskap konstateras har... (More)
Arbetet utreder faderskapspresumtionen och närliggande rättsområden. Syftet med detta är att granska presumtionen och utvärdera om denna är att anse fyll-ler sitt syfte. Detta görs genom att analysera såväl hur det sett ut historiskt som att konstatera hur den gällande rätten ser ut. Detta har även ställts emot de intressen som finns i samhället, hos föräldrarna samt principen om barnets bästa.
Historiskt har barn huvudsakligen delats in i äkta respektive oäkta barn. Detta har med tiden luckrats upp och har idag nästan helt slussats ut ur rätten. Idag är det vanligare att födas utanför äktenskap. I takt med tiden har även barnens rätt stärkts och är nu kanske det viktigaste hänseendet inom familjerätten. Hur föräldraskap konstateras har också förändrats med tiden.
Huvudregeln, alltså faderskapspresumtionen, i den gällande rätten innebär att mannen i ett gift par antas vara förälder till barnet. När denna presumtion inte gäller fastställs faderskap via bekräftelse eller dom. Den som föder barnet är att anse som mamma till barnet. Barnets bästa i frågor rörande fastställande av faderskap är huvudsakligen att se till att detta utreds så att barnet får två för-äldrar i möjligaste mån.
De intressen som huvudsakligen övervägs vid lagstiftningen inom området är samhällets, föräldrarnas och barnets. De allmänna har ett intresse av att stifta jämlika lagar, samt att förhålla sig till de internationella förbindelser som de bundit sig till. Föräldrars intresse är att rätt föräldrar fastställs för att dessa ska kunna ta hand om barnen. Som huvudregel ska barn tas hand om av sina för-äldrar. När detta inte är fallet ingriper det allmänna för att tillförsäkra barn sina rättigheter.
I lagstiftningssammanhang har det diskuterats att både ta bort samt att utvidga faderskapspresumtionen. Att ta bort den har historiskt ansetts innebära merar-bete för det allmänna. Att utvidga den så att samboende inkluderas har också diskuterats. Detta har varit problematiskt då samboende ej registreras och så-ledes hade kunnat leda till oklarheter.
En föräldraskapspresumtion har införts så att samkönade ska inkluderas i för-äldraskapsregleringen. Även ett förenklat förfarande för bekräftelse av fader-skap har införts.
Sammantaget landar arbetet i att faderskapspresumtionen är att anse som för-legad och att denna borde ses över. En ny huvudregel för föräldraskap bör övervägas. I min mening är ett alternativ att överväga att nyttja det förenklade förfarandet vid faderskapsbekräftelse som huvudregel. Detta alternativ är i min mening mer i linje med barnets bästa. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Möllebäck, Seth LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20241
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Familjerätt
language
Swedish
id
9153192
date added to LUP
2024-06-26 12:08:58
date last changed
2024-06-26 12:08:58
@misc{9153192,
  abstract     = {{The project audits the presumption of fatherhood in the Swedish legal system and related legal areas. This is done to evaluate if the presumption is fulfilling its purpose. To achieve this a thorough analysis of the subject is conducted. The history of the legal area is explored, and the applicable law is reviewed. The interests in of the different involved parties such as the parents and the public have been defined. This also relates to the principle of the best interest of the child.
Historically children have been defined by if they were conceived within or outside of wedlock. Today this is not the case and is almost completely out of the legal system. As time progressed, the rights of children have come to be regarded as the most important part of family law. How parenthood is estab-lished has also changed over the years.
The main rule of determining fatherhood has been through the presumption of fatherhood. This presumption establishes that the husband of a woman who gives birth to a child, is to be assumed to be the father of said child. When the presumption is not applicable, fatherhood is declared through a confirmation or a verdict. The woman who gives birth to a child is regarded as the mother of the child. The best interest of the child regarding the subject is to ensure two parents for the child as far as possible.
The interests to regard in the legislative process is that of the public, the par-ents as well as the child. It is in the interest of the public to legislate in an equal manor, and to live up to the international codes it has promised to up-hold. The interest of the parents is to ensure that the right parents are declared parents to the right child, as it is of great importance if the parents want to care for their children. The code of conduct is that parents are to care for their chil-dren. If this is not done properly, the social services steps in to make sure the children are ensured their rights.
In the legislative process, it has been discussed both to remove and expand the fatherhood presumption. To remove the presumption has historically been associated with an additional and unnecessary workload for the public. To expand the presumption has been problematic, as domestic partners are not registered and would presumably lead to unclear and faulty results. 
In recent years a new presumption of parenthood has been introduced which include same-sex couples who are married or registered partners. A new and simpler form of fatherhood confirmation has also been introduced.
To conclude, the presumption of fatherhood is outdated and in need of revi-sion. A new main rule for establishing parenthood should be considered. In my opinion the simpler form of confirmation is one of the better options that would be more in line with the best interests of the child according to me.}},
  author       = {{Möllebäck, Seth}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Faderskapspresumtionen - En föråldrad huvudregel}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}