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Stopp, inte min kropp: Om kriminaliseringen av pornografiska deepfakes i Sverige

Backman, Oliver LU (2024) LAGF03 20241
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
With technological advancements come new possibilities for the digital age, but also the risk of a new kind of violations of personal and sexual integrity. A recent development that constitutes an especially pressing threat to the integrity of individual persons is the ability to create pornographic deepfakes, AI-generated pornographic material of an individual person. This essay examines to what extent an individual person in Sweden is protected against the generation and spread of pornographic deepfakes. The work employs a legal dogmatic method and attempts to discern which actions concerning the creation and spread of pornographic deepfakes are prohibited under Swedish law, in order to determine the legal response to such violations.... (More)
With technological advancements come new possibilities for the digital age, but also the risk of a new kind of violations of personal and sexual integrity. A recent development that constitutes an especially pressing threat to the integrity of individual persons is the ability to create pornographic deepfakes, AI-generated pornographic material of an individual person. This essay examines to what extent an individual person in Sweden is protected against the generation and spread of pornographic deepfakes. The work employs a legal dogmatic method and attempts to discern which actions concerning the creation and spread of pornographic deepfakes are prohibited under Swedish law, in order to determine the legal response to such violations. The essay explores in what way the protection of personal integrity in the Swedish Penal Code (Brottsbalken (1962:700)) is applicable in addressing the violations caused by pornographic deepfakes, and finds that Swedish law holds some ambiguities concerning the applicability of such protections on material of that kind. Concerning the spread of pornographic deepfakes it is found that further clarifications are needed regarding the legal impact of the body depicted in deepfake material not actually being the body of the depicted person. As for the generation of pornographic deepfakes for private use it is found that due to the protection of freedom of expression and information, there is currently no real protection against being depicted in such material, but that the criminalization of such actions would have some support in current Swedish law and that a coherent and effective protection of personal integrity demands that the generation of pornographic deepfakes for personal use is limited. The essay suggests that Swedish law be updated in order to expand upon the protection of personal integrity, in order for such protection to properly address advancements in technology. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Den tekniska utvecklingen innebär nya möjligheter för informationssamhället, men möjliggör även nya kränkningar av den personliga och sexuella integriteten. En samtida utveckling som är ett särskilt tryckande hot mot integriteten är möjligheten att skapa pornografiska deepfakes, AI-genererat pornografiskt material som avbildar en enskild person. Detta arbete utreder i vilken utsträckning den enskilde i Sverige är skyddad mot att pornografiska deepfakes som avbildar dem framställs och sprids. Utredningen utgår ifrån en rättsdogmatisk metod och undersöker vilka handlingar avseende framställandet och spridandet av deepfakes som är kriminaliserade för att fastställa hur svensk lag bemöter sådana kränkningar. Arbetet utforskar hur... (More)
Den tekniska utvecklingen innebär nya möjligheter för informationssamhället, men möjliggör även nya kränkningar av den personliga och sexuella integriteten. En samtida utveckling som är ett särskilt tryckande hot mot integriteten är möjligheten att skapa pornografiska deepfakes, AI-genererat pornografiskt material som avbildar en enskild person. Detta arbete utreder i vilken utsträckning den enskilde i Sverige är skyddad mot att pornografiska deepfakes som avbildar dem framställs och sprids. Utredningen utgår ifrån en rättsdogmatisk metod och undersöker vilka handlingar avseende framställandet och spridandet av deepfakes som är kriminaliserade för att fastställa hur svensk lag bemöter sådana kränkningar. Arbetet utforskar hur integritetsskyddande bestämmelser i Brottsbalken (1962:700) lämpar sig för att hantera de avsedda kränkningarna, och finner att det i svensk lag finns vissa tvetydigheter rörande hur tillämpligt skyddet för den personliga integriteten är på pornografiska deepfakes. Avseende spridning görs den bedömningen att det krävs vidare specificering av vilken innebörd det har för tillämpligheten av integritetsskyddande lagar att den avbildade kroppen inte är den avbildade personens faktiska kropp. Avseende framställandet av pornografiska deepfakes för privat bruk görs den bedömningen att det med hänsyn till yttrande- och informationsfriheten inte finns något egentligt skydd mot att avbildas i sådana AI-genererade bilder, men att kriminalisering av sådant agerande har vissa grunder i gällande svensk rätt och att det för ett enhetligt och effektivt skydd av den personliga integriteten bör införas hinder för att framställa pornografiska deepfakes av enskild person för privat bruk. Arbetet föreslår att lagstiftningen moderniseras för att utöka skyddet för den personliga integriteten så att det återspeglar den tekniska utvecklingen. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Backman, Oliver LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20241
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
straffrätt, artificiell intelligens, deepfakes, personlig integritet
language
Swedish
id
9153260
date added to LUP
2024-06-26 11:36:52
date last changed
2024-06-26 11:36:52
@misc{9153260,
  abstract     = {{With technological advancements come new possibilities for the digital age, but also the risk of a new kind of violations of personal and sexual integrity. A recent development that constitutes an especially pressing threat to the integrity of individual persons is the ability to create pornographic deepfakes, AI-generated pornographic material of an individual person. This essay examines to what extent an individual person in Sweden is protected against the generation and spread of pornographic deepfakes. The work employs a legal dogmatic method and attempts to discern which actions concerning the creation and spread of pornographic deepfakes are prohibited under Swedish law, in order to determine the legal response to such violations. The essay explores in what way the protection of personal integrity in the Swedish Penal Code (Brottsbalken (1962:700)) is applicable in addressing the violations caused by pornographic deepfakes, and finds that Swedish law holds some ambiguities concerning the applicability of such protections on material of that kind. Concerning the spread of pornographic deepfakes it is found that further clarifications are needed regarding the legal impact of the body depicted in deepfake material not actually being the body of the depicted person. As for the generation of pornographic deepfakes for private use it is found that due to the protection of freedom of expression and information, there is currently no real protection against being depicted in such material, but that the criminalization of such actions would have some support in current Swedish law and that a coherent and effective protection of personal integrity demands that the generation of pornographic deepfakes for personal use is limited. The essay suggests that Swedish law be updated in order to expand upon the protection of personal integrity, in order for such protection to properly address advancements in technology.}},
  author       = {{Backman, Oliver}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Stopp, inte min kropp: Om kriminaliseringen av pornografiska deepfakes i Sverige}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}