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The Right to Accessibility - A comparison of the accessibility regulations in the CRPD and ECtHR case law on accessibility under the right to private life

Markusson, Karolina LU (2024) JURM02 20241
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Tillgänglighet till byggnader och anläggningar för personer med funktionsnedsättning är tätt sammanbundet med flera andra rättigheter, så som rätten till politiskt deltagande och rätten till deltagande i det kulturella livet. Tillgänglighet kan till och med vara en förutsättning för att dessa rättigheter ska
uppfyllas. Med detta i åtanke har förslag till ändringar i svenska byggregler fått motta kritik om att ändringarna riskerar att minska tillgängligheten för personer med funktionsnedsättning. Sverige har ratificerat CRPD, men konventionen har inte implementerats i svensk lag. Därför är det relevant att undersöka andra möjligheter att genomdriva CRPD i praktiken. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka precis detta genom att jämföra... (More)
Tillgänglighet till byggnader och anläggningar för personer med funktionsnedsättning är tätt sammanbundet med flera andra rättigheter, så som rätten till politiskt deltagande och rätten till deltagande i det kulturella livet. Tillgänglighet kan till och med vara en förutsättning för att dessa rättigheter ska
uppfyllas. Med detta i åtanke har förslag till ändringar i svenska byggregler fått motta kritik om att ändringarna riskerar att minska tillgängligheten för personer med funktionsnedsättning. Sverige har ratificerat CRPD, men konventionen har inte implementerats i svensk lag. Därför är det relevant att undersöka andra möjligheter att genomdriva CRPD i praktiken. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka precis detta genom att jämföra bestämmelserna i CRPD med EKMR och dess praxis.

Denna studie har dragit slutsatsen att det finns diskrepanser mellan CRPD och praxis från Europadomstolen, och att CRPD innehåller ett starkare skydd för rättigheter för personer med funktionsnedsättning. Europadomstolen har
gradvis börjat använda sig av CRPD som källa i sina tolkningar, men det finns exempel på att domstolen tolkar CRPDs begrepp felaktigt. För fall som rör personer med funktionsnedsättning resulterar detta i brist på förutsägbarhet.

CRPD och EKMR har olika bakgrund, syfte och omfattning, vilket till viss del kan förklara diskrepansen dem emellan. EKMR är en allmän rättighetsstadga vars syfte är att skydda rättigheter på en miniminivå. CRPD, å andra
sidan, är en rättighetskonvention specifikt inriktad på personer med funktionsnedsättnings rättigheter och som går längre än EKMR i vilka rättigheter den skyddar, och vilka skyldigheter den ålägger staten. Givet olikheterna mellan dessa två rättighetsinstrument är diskrepansen dem emellan förståelig, men kan likväl kritiseras.

Det är problematiskt att det finns diskrepanser mellan CRPD och Europadomstolens praxis eftersom detta kan leda till begränsad effekt av CRPDs bestämmelser för personer med funktionsnedsättning i praktiken. Eftersom Europadomstolens auktoritet är större än CRPD kommitténs är det mer sannolikt att stater följer Europadomstolens snarare än CRPD kommitténs prövningar. För personer med funktionsnedsättning som lever i Sverige, där CRPD inte har blivit implementerat i nationell lagstiftning, kan andra juridiska auktoriteter
bli viktiga för att genomföra konventionen i praktiken. Genom att öka sin användning av CRPD som tolkningsinstrument skulle Europadomstolen kunna öka CPRDs inflytande i medlemsstaterna i fall som rör rättigheter för personer med funktionsnedsättning. Detta skulle kunna hjälpa personer med funktionsnedsättning att få igenom sina rättigheter i praktiken. (Less)
Abstract
Accessibility to buildings and facilities for persons with disabilities is closely connected with several other human rights, such as the right to political participation and the right to participation in cultural life. Accessibility may even be a precondition for the fulfilment of those rights. On that note, suggestions of changes to existing Swedish building regulations have been criticised for possibly reducing accessibility for persons with disabili-ties. Although Sweden has ratified the CRPD, the legal implementation of the Convention into Swedish legislation is still inadequate. Thus, it is timely to investigate other ways of enforcing the CRPD. This thesis aims to do just that, by comparing the CRPD regulations with the ECHR and its... (More)
Accessibility to buildings and facilities for persons with disabilities is closely connected with several other human rights, such as the right to political participation and the right to participation in cultural life. Accessibility may even be a precondition for the fulfilment of those rights. On that note, suggestions of changes to existing Swedish building regulations have been criticised for possibly reducing accessibility for persons with disabili-ties. Although Sweden has ratified the CRPD, the legal implementation of the Convention into Swedish legislation is still inadequate. Thus, it is timely to investigate other ways of enforcing the CRPD. This thesis aims to do just that, by comparing the CRPD regulations with the ECHR and its case law.

This thesis has found that there is a lack of overlap between the CRPD and the case law and provisions of the ECHR, and that the CRPD goes further in providing rights for persons with disabilities. Additionally, even when the ECtHR does use the CRPD as a source of interpretation it does so inaccurately, confusing CRPD concepts. Consequently, this results in a lack of predictability in cases concerning persons with disabilities.

The lack of overlap between the CRPD and the ECtHR case law can to some extent be explained by the different backgrounds, aims and scopes of the two instruments. The ECHR is a general rights document, which aims to guarantee minimum rights standards. Meanwhile, the CRPD is a specific disability rights instrument which aims to ensure the full participation in society for persons with disabilities by imposing widespread obligations on states. Given the differences between these two instruments, the lack of overlap between them is understandable, but still allows for critique.

This thesis argues that the lack of overlap between the two instruments constitutes a problem since the ECtHR’s inability to accurately use the CRPD provisions as a means of interpretation might lead to limited enforcement of the rights of persons with disabilities. As the ECtHR has a stronger judicial authority than the complaints mechanism of the CRPD, it is more likely that States will follow the rulings of the former, rather than the latter. For persons with disabilities residing in a state like Sweden, which has not implemented the CRPD provisions into its legislation, other judicial authorities will then be important in order to ensure their rights. If the ECtHR would increase its use of the CRPD as a source of interpretation it could play an important role in increasing the impact of the CRPD in its Member States. In the end, this could improve the possibilities for persons with disabilities to have their rights ensured. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Markusson, Karolina LU
supervisor
organization
course
JURM02 20241
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
human rights, international human rights law, disability, accessibility, CRPD, ECHR
language
English
id
9153381
date added to LUP
2024-06-17 17:51:09
date last changed
2024-06-17 17:51:09
@misc{9153381,
  abstract     = {{Accessibility to buildings and facilities for persons with disabilities is closely connected with several other human rights, such as the right to political participation and the right to participation in cultural life. Accessibility may even be a precondition for the fulfilment of those rights. On that note, suggestions of changes to existing Swedish building regulations have been criticised for possibly reducing accessibility for persons with disabili-ties. Although Sweden has ratified the CRPD, the legal implementation of the Convention into Swedish legislation is still inadequate. Thus, it is timely to investigate other ways of enforcing the CRPD. This thesis aims to do just that, by comparing the CRPD regulations with the ECHR and its case law.

This thesis has found that there is a lack of overlap between the CRPD and the case law and provisions of the ECHR, and that the CRPD goes further in providing rights for persons with disabilities. Additionally, even when the ECtHR does use the CRPD as a source of interpretation it does so inaccurately, confusing CRPD concepts. Consequently, this results in a lack of predictability in cases concerning persons with disabilities.

The lack of overlap between the CRPD and the ECtHR case law can to some extent be explained by the different backgrounds, aims and scopes of the two instruments. The ECHR is a general rights document, which aims to guarantee minimum rights standards. Meanwhile, the CRPD is a specific disability rights instrument which aims to ensure the full participation in society for persons with disabilities by imposing widespread obligations on states. Given the differences between these two instruments, the lack of overlap between them is understandable, but still allows for critique. 

This thesis argues that the lack of overlap between the two instruments constitutes a problem since the ECtHR’s inability to accurately use the CRPD provisions as a means of interpretation might lead to limited enforcement of the rights of persons with disabilities. As the ECtHR has a stronger judicial authority than the complaints mechanism of the CRPD, it is more likely that States will follow the rulings of the former, rather than the latter. For persons with disabilities residing in a state like Sweden, which has not implemented the CRPD provisions into its legislation, other judicial authorities will then be important in order to ensure their rights. If the ECtHR would increase its use of the CRPD as a source of interpretation it could play an important role in increasing the impact of the CRPD in its Member States. In the end, this could improve the possibilities for persons with disabilities to have their rights ensured.}},
  author       = {{Markusson, Karolina}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{The Right to Accessibility - A comparison of the accessibility regulations in the CRPD and ECtHR case law on accessibility under the right to private life}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}