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Human Rights and Democratic Resilience: An Analysis of Regional Human Rights Instruments as Safeguards for Democracy

Stern, Ella LU (2024) LAGM01 20241
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
Democracy is declining in several states in all regions of the world. To avoid and recover from democratic backsliding, it is important that states can maintain or improve their levels of democracy. This concept is commonly referred to as ‘democratic resilience’. Democratic backsliding has a negative impact on the ability of people to enjoy their human rights, and therefore, there must be a safety mechanism in place when a democratic government is unable to protect itself. This thesis examines to what extent the European Convention on Human Rights, the American Convention on Human Rights, and the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights can work as such safety mechanisms and protect democratic resilience in their Contracting States.

... (More)
Democracy is declining in several states in all regions of the world. To avoid and recover from democratic backsliding, it is important that states can maintain or improve their levels of democracy. This concept is commonly referred to as ‘democratic resilience’. Democratic backsliding has a negative impact on the ability of people to enjoy their human rights, and therefore, there must be a safety mechanism in place when a democratic government is unable to protect itself. This thesis examines to what extent the European Convention on Human Rights, the American Convention on Human Rights, and the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights can work as such safety mechanisms and protect democratic resilience in their Contracting States.

Democratic resilience in regional human rights instruments is influenced by many factors, such as the history and purpose behind their drafting, the scope of their human rights protection, and their jurisdiction and enforcement mechanisms. The first part of this thesis explores these aspects, analyzing how they contribute to the protection of democratic resilience in the Contracting States. For the purpose of this thesis, the concepts of democracy and democratic resilience are defined from a human rights perspective based on the Universal Declaration on Human Rights. This democratic framework focuses on the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary and separation of powers, the freedoms of expression, association, and assembly, and participation in elections. The second part of this thesis examines how these features of democracy are protected in the three instruments. This section analyzes and compares the specific provisions and mechanisms within the European Convention, the American Convention, and the African Charter that are designed to uphold democratic institutions. The aim is to determine how these instruments defend democratic institutions and support democratic resilience in their respective regions.

The findings reveal that all three instruments protect numerous democratic principles and contain mechanisms for protecting democratic resilience in their Contracting States. However, due to factors such as state sovereignty, influence from political fluctuations within Contracting States, and a general reluctance to take a strong stance in favor of democracy, none of the instruments fully realize their potential in promoting democratic resilience. For these instruments to function effectively as safety mechanisms for democratic resilience, both the human rights systems and their Contracting States must be willing to hold states accountable in times of democratic decline. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Demokratier nedmonteras i stater runtom i världen. För att undvika och återhämta sig från demokratisk nedmontering är det viktigt att stater kan bibehålla eller förbättra sina nivåer av demokrati. Detta koncept är känt som ’democratic resilience’ eller demokratins motståndskraft. Demokratiers nedmontering har en negativ inverkan på människors möjlighet att åtnjuta mänskliga rättigheter, varför säkerhetsmekanismer måste finnas på plats när demokratiska regeringar inte längre kan stå emot hot mot demokratin. Denna uppsats utreder i vilken utsträckning Europakonventionen om de mänskliga rättigheterna, Amerikanska konventionen om de mänskliga rättigheterna och Afrikanska stadgan om mänskliga och folkliga rättigheter kan utgöra sådana... (More)
Demokratier nedmonteras i stater runtom i världen. För att undvika och återhämta sig från demokratisk nedmontering är det viktigt att stater kan bibehålla eller förbättra sina nivåer av demokrati. Detta koncept är känt som ’democratic resilience’ eller demokratins motståndskraft. Demokratiers nedmontering har en negativ inverkan på människors möjlighet att åtnjuta mänskliga rättigheter, varför säkerhetsmekanismer måste finnas på plats när demokratiska regeringar inte längre kan stå emot hot mot demokratin. Denna uppsats utreder i vilken utsträckning Europakonventionen om de mänskliga rättigheterna, Amerikanska konventionen om de mänskliga rättigheterna och Afrikanska stadgan om mänskliga och folkliga rättigheter kan utgöra sådana säkerhetsmekanismer och skydda demokratins motståndskraft i sina medlemsstater.

Den demokratiska motståndskraften i regionala människorättsinstrument påverkas av flera faktorer, så som historian och syftet bakom deras utformning, omfattningen av deras rättighetsskydd samt deras jurisdiktion och verkställighet. Den första delen av denna uppsats undersöker dessa aspekter och analyserar hur de bidrar till att skydda den demokratiska motståndskraften i medlemsstaterna. I denna uppsats definieras begreppen demokrati och demokratins motståndskraft utifrån ett människorättsperspektiv baserat på den Allmänna förklaringen om mänskliga rättigheter. Detta demokratiska ramverk fokuserar på rättsstatsprincipen, rättsväsendets oberoende, maktdelning, yttrandefrihet, föreningsfrihet, mötesfrihet och deltagande i val. Uppsatsens andra del undersöker hur dessa områden skyddas i de regionala människorättsinstrumenten. I detta avsnitt analyseras och jämförs specifika bestämmelser och mekanismer i de tre instrumenten som är utformade för att upprätthålla demokratiska institutioner. Syftet är att fastställa hur dessa instrument försvarar demokratiska institutioner och främjar demokratisk motståndskraft i sina respektive regioner.

Resultatet visar att alla tre instrument skyddar många demokratiska principer och innehåller mekanismer för att skydda demokratins motståndskraft i medlemsstaterna. På grund av faktorer som statssuveränitet, påverkan från medlemsstaternas politiska strömningar och en allmän återhållsamhet i att ta alltför tydlig ställning för demokrati lyckas dock inget av instrumenten främja demokratins motståndskraft fullt ut. För att instrumenten ska fungera som säkerhetsmekanismer för demokratins motståndskraft måste både människorättssystemen och medlemsstaterna vara villiga att hålla stater ansvariga när deras demokratier nedmonteras. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
@misc{9162028,
  abstract     = {{Democracy is declining in several states in all regions of the world. To avoid and recover from democratic backsliding, it is important that states can maintain or improve their levels of democracy. This concept is commonly referred to as ‘democratic resilience’. Democratic backsliding has a negative impact on the ability of people to enjoy their human rights, and therefore, there must be a safety mechanism in place when a democratic government is unable to protect itself. This thesis examines to what extent the European Convention on Human Rights, the American Convention on Human Rights, and the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights can work as such safety mechanisms and protect democratic resilience in their Contracting States.

Democratic resilience in regional human rights instruments is influenced by many factors, such as the history and purpose behind their drafting, the scope of their human rights protection, and their jurisdiction and enforcement mechanisms. The first part of this thesis explores these aspects, analyzing how they contribute to the protection of democratic resilience in the Contracting States. For the purpose of this thesis, the concepts of democracy and democratic resilience are defined from a human rights perspective based on the Universal Declaration on Human Rights. This democratic framework focuses on the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary and separation of powers, the freedoms of expression, association, and assembly, and participation in elections. The second part of this thesis examines how these features of democracy are protected in the three instruments. This section analyzes and compares the specific provisions and mechanisms within the European Convention, the American Convention, and the African Charter that are designed to uphold democratic institutions. The aim is to determine how these instruments defend democratic institutions and support democratic resilience in their respective regions. 

The findings reveal that all three instruments protect numerous democratic principles and contain mechanisms for protecting democratic resilience in their Contracting States. However, due to factors such as state sovereignty, influence from political fluctuations within Contracting States, and a general reluctance to take a strong stance in favor of democracy, none of the instruments fully realize their potential in promoting democratic resilience. For these instruments to function effectively as safety mechanisms for democratic resilience, both the human rights systems and their Contracting States must be willing to hold states accountable in times of democratic decline.}},
  author       = {{Stern, Ella}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Human Rights and Democratic Resilience: An Analysis of Regional Human Rights Instruments as Safeguards for Democracy}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}