Go Back to Where You Came From (the Closet) - En studie av diskretionskrav i den svenska asylprocessen och dess förhållande till gällande rätt samt mänskliga rättigheter
(2024) LAGF03 20241Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Uppsatsen ämnar undersöka den svenska asylrättsprocessens förhållande till förbjudna diskretionskrav, förbud som återfinns i svensk och internat-ionell rätt. Detta görs genom ett fokus på rättsfall med förekomst av diskretionsfall samt gällande rätt, utifrån en rättsdogmatisk och rättsanalytisk metod.
I Sverige har migration reglerats i egen separat lagstiftning sedan 1914. Som asylsökande har man i Sverige sedan 2006 kunnat ange sexuell läggning som skyddsgrund i sin ansökan. Det mottogs till största del positivt av de påver-kade organisationer och myndigheter som på något sätt var en del av asylprocessen vid lagstiftningstillfället. Främst höjdes röster som var kritiska till att lagstiftningen eventuellt var för otydlig, eller att... (More) - Uppsatsen ämnar undersöka den svenska asylrättsprocessens förhållande till förbjudna diskretionskrav, förbud som återfinns i svensk och internat-ionell rätt. Detta görs genom ett fokus på rättsfall med förekomst av diskretionsfall samt gällande rätt, utifrån en rättsdogmatisk och rättsanalytisk metod.
I Sverige har migration reglerats i egen separat lagstiftning sedan 1914. Som asylsökande har man i Sverige sedan 2006 kunnat ange sexuell läggning som skyddsgrund i sin ansökan. Det mottogs till största del positivt av de påver-kade organisationer och myndigheter som på något sätt var en del av asylprocessen vid lagstiftningstillfället. Främst höjdes röster som var kritiska till att lagstiftningen eventuellt var för otydlig, eller att otillräckliga utbildnings-insatser skulle genomföras. Idag återfinns regleringen om sexuell läggning som asylskäl och skyddsgrund i 4 kapitlet 1 § utlänningslagen.
Förbuden mot diskretionskrav återfinns idag i proposition 2005/06:6, som är en del av förarbetet till utlänningslagen. Det finns även i EU-domstolens praxis, De förenade målen C199/12-C201/12 och UNHCR:s riktlinjer för hur FN:s flyktingkonvention ska tillämpas. Det är förbjudet att på något sätt kräva att en asylsökande ska leva diskret för att därmed minska risken för förföljelse på grund av sin sexuella läggning. Det är även förbjudet att använda en sådan riskminskning som motivering för ett avslag på en asylansökan.
Migrationsverket och RFSL, två parter med stort intresse i frågan om hur asylprocessen för HBTQ+-personer går till, har båda uttalat sig i frågan om diskretionskrav. Deras syn på frågan ställs i kontrast till sex rättsfall från Migrationsdomstolar runt om i Sverige där diskretionskrav förekommer i avslagsmotiveringarna.
En konsekvens av förekomsten av diskretionskrav i asylrättsprocessen är att de sökandes mänskliga rättigheter kränks under processen. Ett antal artiklar ur FN:s allmänna deklaration om de mänskliga rättigheterna är av intresse för diskussionen om diskretionskrav. (Less) - Abstract
- This essay aims to examine the relationship between the Swedish asylum process and the absolute prohibition of discretion requirements, prohibitions that are found in Swedish and international law. This is done by focusing on case law where discretion requirements are present and applicable law, using a legal dogmatic and legal analytical method. In Sweden, migration has been regulated by separate legislation since 1914. Since 2006, asylum seekers in Sweden have been able to cite sexual orientation as a ground for protection in their applications. This was largely positively received by the affected organizations and authorities that were part of the asylum process at the time. Mainly, there were critical voices concerned that the... (More)
- This essay aims to examine the relationship between the Swedish asylum process and the absolute prohibition of discretion requirements, prohibitions that are found in Swedish and international law. This is done by focusing on case law where discretion requirements are present and applicable law, using a legal dogmatic and legal analytical method. In Sweden, migration has been regulated by separate legislation since 1914. Since 2006, asylum seekers in Sweden have been able to cite sexual orientation as a ground for protection in their applications. This was largely positively received by the affected organizations and authorities that were part of the asylum process at the time. Mainly, there were critical voices concerned that the legislation might be too vague or that insufficient training efforts would be undertaken. To-day, the regulation regarding sexual orientation as an asylum ground and basis for protection is found in Chapter 4, Paragraph 1 of the Aliens Act. The prohibitions against discretion requirements are found today in the gov-ernment bill 2005/06:6, which is part of the preparatory work for the Aliens Act. It is also present in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, in the joined cases C199/12-C201/12, and the UNHCR guidelines on the application of the UN Refugee Convention. It is prohibited in any way to require an asylum seeker to live discreetly to thereby reduce the risk of persecution due to their sexual orientation. It is also prohibited to use such risk reduction as a justification for rejecting an asylum application. The Swedish Migration Agency and RFSL, two parties with a significant inter-est in how the asylum process for LGBTQ+ individuals is conducted, have both expressed their views on the issue of discretion requirements. Their views are contrasted with six cases from Migration Courts across Sweden where discretion requirements are included in the rejection justifications. A consequence of the presence of discretion requirements in the asylum pro-cess is that the applicants' human rights are violated during the process. Sev-eral articles from the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights are of in-terest in the discussion of discretion requirements. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9162168
- author
- Henriksson, Lovisa LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20241
- year
- 2024
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- rättsvetenskap, migrationsrätt, asylrätt, sexuell läggning, diskretionskrav
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9162168
- date added to LUP
- 2024-09-27 14:42:31
- date last changed
- 2024-09-27 14:42:31
@misc{9162168,
abstract = {{This essay aims to examine the relationship between the Swedish asylum process and the absolute prohibition of discretion requirements, prohibitions that are found in Swedish and international law. This is done by focusing on case law where discretion requirements are present and applicable law, using a legal dogmatic and legal analytical method. In Sweden, migration has been regulated by separate legislation since 1914. Since 2006, asylum seekers in Sweden have been able to cite sexual orientation as a ground for protection in their applications. This was largely positively received by the affected organizations and authorities that were part of the asylum process at the time. Mainly, there were critical voices concerned that the legislation might be too vague or that insufficient training efforts would be undertaken. To-day, the regulation regarding sexual orientation as an asylum ground and basis for protection is found in Chapter 4, Paragraph 1 of the Aliens Act. The prohibitions against discretion requirements are found today in the gov-ernment bill 2005/06:6, which is part of the preparatory work for the Aliens Act. It is also present in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, in the joined cases C199/12-C201/12, and the UNHCR guidelines on the application of the UN Refugee Convention. It is prohibited in any way to require an asylum seeker to live discreetly to thereby reduce the risk of persecution due to their sexual orientation. It is also prohibited to use such risk reduction as a justification for rejecting an asylum application. The Swedish Migration Agency and RFSL, two parties with a significant inter-est in how the asylum process for LGBTQ+ individuals is conducted, have both expressed their views on the issue of discretion requirements. Their views are contrasted with six cases from Migration Courts across Sweden where discretion requirements are included in the rejection justifications. A consequence of the presence of discretion requirements in the asylum pro-cess is that the applicants' human rights are violated during the process. Sev-eral articles from the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights are of in-terest in the discussion of discretion requirements.}},
author = {{Henriksson, Lovisa}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Go Back to Where You Came From (the Closet) - En studie av diskretionskrav i den svenska asylprocessen och dess förhållande till gällande rätt samt mänskliga rättigheter}},
year = {{2024}},
}