Traces of industrialization in a Baltic Sea sediment core with particular emphasis on marine traffic in Bornholmsgattet
(2024) In Dissertations in Geology at Lund University GEOL02 20241Department of Geology
- Abstract
- Multiple stressors affect the Baltic Sea, such as eutrophication, deoxygenated water and pollution. Almost all stres-
sors are heightened or caused by anthropogenic impact. The stressors effect has increased since the beginning of the
industrialisation and increased many of the stressors. The area of interest for this thesis is Bornholmsgattet, an area
located between Sweden and the Island of Bornholm. The particular interest this area has is that one of the largest
sea lanes in the Baltic Sea passes through Bornholmsgattet. This entails that the area should show traces of marine
traffic or other anthropogenic indications. The aim for this thesis is therefore to see if it is possible to use marine
sediment and marine traffic data... (More) - Multiple stressors affect the Baltic Sea, such as eutrophication, deoxygenated water and pollution. Almost all stres-
sors are heightened or caused by anthropogenic impact. The stressors effect has increased since the beginning of the
industrialisation and increased many of the stressors. The area of interest for this thesis is Bornholmsgattet, an area
located between Sweden and the Island of Bornholm. The particular interest this area has is that one of the largest
sea lanes in the Baltic Sea passes through Bornholmsgattet. This entails that the area should show traces of marine
traffic or other anthropogenic indications. The aim for this thesis is therefore to see if it is possible to use marine
sediment and marine traffic data in order to trace the industrialisation. The methods include: 1) sediment analysis
specifically looking at total carbon, total organic carbon, nitrogen and black carbon, 2) compiling marine traffic
data dating back to the 1870 until today. The marine data consists of arriving and departing domestic and internat-
ional ships in four harbors in Skåne: Helsingborg, Malmö, Ystad and Simrishamn. 3) attempt to trace historical
events and tie them to sedimentary variations in the marine data and black carbon. 4) Using hydrographic data col-
lected by SMHI from 1957 to 2024 to provide an overview on some of the stressors water related such as tempera-
ture and oxygen.
Using a sedimentary accumulation rate of 1.4 mm/year made it possible to estimate the age of the bottom of the
core to 1760. This made it possible later to correlate sediment depth with years and opened the possibility to corre-
late historical events such as the first and second world war in the marine data as well as the opening of the
Öresund bridge in the year 2000. It was noted that there was a general globalization beginning in the 1950 which
resulted in a large increase in the number of ships and their net tonnage. We could discern that during the world
wars when the marine traffic was low, so were the black carbon levels. Another observation that was made was the
C/N ratios decreasing around 1970-1990 and abruptly changing into an increasing quota. Finally we could also see
that in the past 67 years the bottom water temperature in Bornholmsgattet has increased and resulted in less oxygen
being able to be dissolved, causing the already existing hypoxic and anoxic areas to worsen. (Less) - Popular Abstract (Swedish)
- Östersjön har många stressfaktorer som påverkar den, såsom övergödning, syrebrist i vattnet och föroreningar.
Stressfaktorerna skapas av eller förstärkas av antropogen påverkan. Sedan industrialiseringen har den antropogena
påverkan påskyndats och ökat många av stressfaktorerna. Intresseområdet för detta arbete är Bornholmsgattet, det
är vattenområdet mellan Sverige och ön Bornholm. Anledningen till detta är att en av Östersjöns största farleder
passerar genom gattet. Detta betyder att det med stor säkerhet finns spår av den marina trafiken samt andra antropo-
gena indikationer i bottensedimentet. Syftet med denna uppsats är att se om det är möjligt att använda bottensedi-
ment samt marin trafikdata för att kunna spåra... (More) - Östersjön har många stressfaktorer som påverkar den, såsom övergödning, syrebrist i vattnet och föroreningar.
Stressfaktorerna skapas av eller förstärkas av antropogen påverkan. Sedan industrialiseringen har den antropogena
påverkan påskyndats och ökat många av stressfaktorerna. Intresseområdet för detta arbete är Bornholmsgattet, det
är vattenområdet mellan Sverige och ön Bornholm. Anledningen till detta är att en av Östersjöns största farleder
passerar genom gattet. Detta betyder att det med stor säkerhet finns spår av den marina trafiken samt andra antropo-
gena indikationer i bottensedimentet. Syftet med denna uppsats är att se om det är möjligt att använda bottensedi-
ment samt marin trafikdata för att kunna spåra industrialiseringens påverkan. Metoderna innefattar: 1) sedimentana-
lys och med fokus på totalt kol, totalt organiskt kol, totalt kväve och black carbon, 2) sammanställa marin trafikdata
från 1870 talet fram till idag. Den marina data består av inhemska och internationella fartyg som anlöpt och utlöpt
från fyra skånska hamnar: Helsingborg, Malmö, Ystad och Simrishamn. 3) Spåra historiska händelser med hjälp av
variationerna i sedimentet och marina trafikdata. 4)Använda hydrografisk data från SMHI mellan 1957 och 2024
för att få en överblick på de vattenrelaterade stressorerna såsom temperatur och syrehalt.
Genom att använda en ackumulationshastighet på 1,4 mm/år har man kunnat åldersbestämma sedimentborrkär-
nans botten till att vara från 1760. Detta har gjort att man kan jämföra och binda samman händelser så som första
och andra världskriget med variationer i den marina datan. Man har även kunnat se mer lokala företeelser som öpp-
nandet av Öresundsbron under år 2000. Man har kunnat observera en generell trend ökning som en respons på glo-
baliseringen som började under 1950 vilket resulterade i en stor ökning av antalet fartyg samt deras nettodräktighet.
Som en följd av minskningen av den marina trafiken under världskrigen har man även kunnat se en minskning av
black carbon under samma tid. En annan observation som gjordes var att C/N förhållandet minskade mellan 1970-
1990 och efter detta så kom en abrupt ökning. Slutligen kan man även säga att under de senaste 67 åren har botten-
vattentemperaturen i Bornholmsgattet ökat och lett till att mindre syre har kunnat lösas i vattnet vilket negativt på-
verkar redan hypoxiska och anoxiska områden. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9170498
- author
- Kowal Johnson, Gloria LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- GEOL02 20241
- year
- 2024
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- Baltic Sea, Bornholmsgattet, sediment analysis, eutrophication, oxygen deficiency, black carbon, Bornholm basin, organic carbon, total carbon, marine traffic, harbor data, sediment accumulation, Öresund bridge
- publication/series
- Dissertations in Geology at Lund University
- report number
- 695
- language
- English
- id
- 9170498
- date added to LUP
- 2024-07-11 14:35:00
- date last changed
- 2024-07-11 14:35:00
@misc{9170498,
abstract = {{Multiple stressors affect the Baltic Sea, such as eutrophication, deoxygenated water and pollution. Almost all stres-
sors are heightened or caused by anthropogenic impact. The stressors effect has increased since the beginning of the
industrialisation and increased many of the stressors. The area of interest for this thesis is Bornholmsgattet, an area
located between Sweden and the Island of Bornholm. The particular interest this area has is that one of the largest
sea lanes in the Baltic Sea passes through Bornholmsgattet. This entails that the area should show traces of marine
traffic or other anthropogenic indications. The aim for this thesis is therefore to see if it is possible to use marine
sediment and marine traffic data in order to trace the industrialisation. The methods include: 1) sediment analysis
specifically looking at total carbon, total organic carbon, nitrogen and black carbon, 2) compiling marine traffic
data dating back to the 1870 until today. The marine data consists of arriving and departing domestic and internat-
ional ships in four harbors in Skåne: Helsingborg, Malmö, Ystad and Simrishamn. 3) attempt to trace historical
events and tie them to sedimentary variations in the marine data and black carbon. 4) Using hydrographic data col-
lected by SMHI from 1957 to 2024 to provide an overview on some of the stressors water related such as tempera-
ture and oxygen.
Using a sedimentary accumulation rate of 1.4 mm/year made it possible to estimate the age of the bottom of the
core to 1760. This made it possible later to correlate sediment depth with years and opened the possibility to corre-
late historical events such as the first and second world war in the marine data as well as the opening of the
Öresund bridge in the year 2000. It was noted that there was a general globalization beginning in the 1950 which
resulted in a large increase in the number of ships and their net tonnage. We could discern that during the world
wars when the marine traffic was low, so were the black carbon levels. Another observation that was made was the
C/N ratios decreasing around 1970-1990 and abruptly changing into an increasing quota. Finally we could also see
that in the past 67 years the bottom water temperature in Bornholmsgattet has increased and resulted in less oxygen
being able to be dissolved, causing the already existing hypoxic and anoxic areas to worsen.}},
author = {{Kowal Johnson, Gloria}},
language = {{eng}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
series = {{Dissertations in Geology at Lund University}},
title = {{Traces of industrialization in a Baltic Sea sediment core with particular emphasis on marine traffic in Bornholmsgattet}},
year = {{2024}},
}