Domstolarna i Jämtland och jordfrågor efter freden i Brömsebro
(2024) JURM02 20241Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract
- In the 17th century, land was very important. This essay deals with legal issues connected to land, and inheritance of land, in Jämtland after the Peace of Brömsebro in 1645. The reason for this is that Jämtland became Swedish through the Peace of Brömsebro from having previously been Danish-Norwegian. The vast majority of Jämtland’s inhabitants had also been deprived of their land by the Danish king through an investigation known as “räfsten i Jämtland”. After the change of power, the Swedish government gave the inhabitants the opportunity to regain the land they had lost. This is of importance to the questions of this essay. The first question is how the Swedish courts dealt with language, evidence, judgements, royal letters and... (More)
- In the 17th century, land was very important. This essay deals with legal issues connected to land, and inheritance of land, in Jämtland after the Peace of Brömsebro in 1645. The reason for this is that Jämtland became Swedish through the Peace of Brömsebro from having previously been Danish-Norwegian. The vast majority of Jämtland’s inhabitants had also been deprived of their land by the Danish king through an investigation known as “räfsten i Jämtland”. After the change of power, the Swedish government gave the inhabitants the opportunity to regain the land they had lost. This is of importance to the questions of this essay. The first question is how the Swedish courts dealt with language, evidence, judgements, royal letters and legislation from the Danish-Norwegian period in matters concerning land and inheritance in the period after the change of power. The second question is whether the Swedish courts went beyond the law, or deviated from it, in matters concerning land and inheritance. The third question is how the importance of land is reflected in court, as well as city council, protocols from the period around the change of power. These questions are then used to discuss whether the court's function was to resolve conflicts, protect legal rights or guide behavior when it came to land. The cases analyzed are from the years 1645–1658.
The questions have been answered by categorizing and analyzing the legal cases. When the Swedish courts overturned decisions from the Danish-Norwegian period, it was usually related to ”räfsten i Jämtland”. This demonstrates the court's function of guiding behavior. Otherwise, the Swedish courts do not seem to have been particularly hostile to the use of language, evidence, judgements and royal letters and legislation from the Danish-Norwegian period. This shows the court's conflict-resolving function. This function can also be seen in the court's reasoning when it comes to land disputes in general. The courts often went beyond the law by including other aspects in the assessment and looking at the circumstances of the individual case. Sometimes the courts even reasoned in ways that conflicted with the law. The courts were also careful to ensure that everyone's substantive rights were respected. For example, they were careful to ensure that the parties were compensated for unreasonable expenses they had incurred. The same can be seen in the Swedish courts' handling of the aftermath of “räfsten i Jämtland”. This demonstrates the protective function of the courts. Through analysis and statistics that have been made as part of the thesis, it is also clear that land had a central and important role for the population, the rulers and society as a whole. The importance of land enables the different functions. If land is important, so is conflict resolution and protection of legal rights. Furthermore, the importance of land also enables it to be used as a means of guiding behavior. The court can thus be considered to have had all three of these functions. However, since the majority of the court protocols that concern land are about resolving conflicts, or ensuring that they never arise, the court's function can be considered to have been mainly conflict resolution. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- På 1600-talet var jorden mycket viktig. Den här uppsatsen handlar om juridiska frågor kopplade till jord, samt arv av jord, i Jämtland efter freden i Brömsebro år 1645. Anledningen till detta är att Jämtland genom freden i Brömsebro blev svenskt från att tidigare ha varit dansk-norskt. Den stora majoriteten av alla jämtar hade även fråntagits sin jord av den danska kungen genom en rannsakning som kallas för räfsten i Jämtland. Det svenska styret gav efter maktskiftet invånarna möjlighet att återfå den jord som de hade förlorat. Detta är viktigt för uppsatsens frågeställningar. Den första är hur de svenska domstolarna ställde sig till språkbruk, bevisning, domar samt kungliga brev och lagstiftning från den dansk-norska tiden i frågor... (More)
- På 1600-talet var jorden mycket viktig. Den här uppsatsen handlar om juridiska frågor kopplade till jord, samt arv av jord, i Jämtland efter freden i Brömsebro år 1645. Anledningen till detta är att Jämtland genom freden i Brömsebro blev svenskt från att tidigare ha varit dansk-norskt. Den stora majoriteten av alla jämtar hade även fråntagits sin jord av den danska kungen genom en rannsakning som kallas för räfsten i Jämtland. Det svenska styret gav efter maktskiftet invånarna möjlighet att återfå den jord som de hade förlorat. Detta är viktigt för uppsatsens frågeställningar. Den första är hur de svenska domstolarna ställde sig till språkbruk, bevisning, domar samt kungliga brev och lagstiftning från den dansk-norska tiden i frågor rörande jord och arv under tiden efter maktskiftet. Den andra frågan är ifall de svenska domstolarna gick bortom lagen, alternativt avvek från den, i frågor rörande jord och arv. Den tredje frågan är på vilka sätt vikten av jorden syns i domstols- och landstingsprotokollen från tiden runt maktskiftet. Dessa frågeställningar används sedan för att diskutera ifall domstolens funktion var konfliktlösning, rättsskydd eller handlingsdirigering när det kom till jord. De rättsfall som analyseras är från åren 1645–1658.
Frågeställningarna har besvarats genom att kategorisera och analysera rättsfallen. De gånger som de svenska domstolarna upphävde beslut från den dansk-norska tiden så är rättsfallen oftast ett resultat av räfsten i Jämtland. Den typen av beslut visar på domstolens handlingsdirigerande funktion. I övrigt tycks de svenska domstolarna inte ha varit särskilt fientligt inställda till att använda sig av språkbruk, bevisning, domar samt kungliga brev och lagstiftning från den dansk-norska tiden. Detta visar på domstolens konfliktlösande funktion. Den funktionen syns även i domstolens resonemang när det kommer till jordtvister i övrigt. Det är nämligen tydligt att domstolarna ofta gick bortom lagstiftningen genom att ta in andra aspekter i bedömningen och se till omständigheterna i det enskilda fallet. Ibland resonerade även domstolarna på sätt som står i konflikt med lagen. Domstolarna var även noga med att allas materiella rättigheter togs tillvara. De var exempelvis noga med att parterna skulle kompenseras för oskäliga utgifter som de hade haft. Detsamma syns i de svenska domstolarnas hantering av efterspelet till räfsten i Jämtland. Detta visar på domstolens rättsskyddande funktion. Genom analys och statistik som har gjorts som del av arbetet med uppsatsen är det även tydligt att jorden hade en central samt viktig roll för befolkningen, de styrande och samhället i sin helhet. Vikten av jorden möjliggör de olika funktionerna. Om jorden är viktig blir nämligen även konfliktlösning och rättsskydd det. Vidare möjliggör även vikten av jorden att den kan användas som ett medel för handlingsdirigering. Domstolen kan alltså anses ha haft alla dessa tre funktioner. Eftersom majoriteten av punkterna i domstolsprotokollen som rör jord handlar om att lösa konflikter, alternativt se till att de aldrig uppstår, får dock domstolens funktion huvudsakligen anses ha varit konfliktlösning. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9170824
- author
- Lifmark, Zakarias LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- The courts in Jämtland and land issues after the Peace of Brömsebro
- course
- JURM02 20241
- year
- 2024
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- rättshistoria, legal history
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9170824
- date added to LUP
- 2024-09-13 10:04:15
- date last changed
- 2024-09-13 10:04:15
@misc{9170824,
abstract = {{In the 17th century, land was very important. This essay deals with legal issues connected to land, and inheritance of land, in Jämtland after the Peace of Brömsebro in 1645. The reason for this is that Jämtland became Swedish through the Peace of Brömsebro from having previously been Danish-Norwegian. The vast majority of Jämtland’s inhabitants had also been deprived of their land by the Danish king through an investigation known as “räfsten i Jämtland”. After the change of power, the Swedish government gave the inhabitants the opportunity to regain the land they had lost. This is of importance to the questions of this essay. The first question is how the Swedish courts dealt with language, evidence, judgements, royal letters and legislation from the Danish-Norwegian period in matters concerning land and inheritance in the period after the change of power. The second question is whether the Swedish courts went beyond the law, or deviated from it, in matters concerning land and inheritance. The third question is how the importance of land is reflected in court, as well as city council, protocols from the period around the change of power. These questions are then used to discuss whether the court's function was to resolve conflicts, protect legal rights or guide behavior when it came to land. The cases analyzed are from the years 1645–1658.
The questions have been answered by categorizing and analyzing the legal cases. When the Swedish courts overturned decisions from the Danish-Norwegian period, it was usually related to ”räfsten i Jämtland”. This demonstrates the court's function of guiding behavior. Otherwise, the Swedish courts do not seem to have been particularly hostile to the use of language, evidence, judgements and royal letters and legislation from the Danish-Norwegian period. This shows the court's conflict-resolving function. This function can also be seen in the court's reasoning when it comes to land disputes in general. The courts often went beyond the law by including other aspects in the assessment and looking at the circumstances of the individual case. Sometimes the courts even reasoned in ways that conflicted with the law. The courts were also careful to ensure that everyone's substantive rights were respected. For example, they were careful to ensure that the parties were compensated for unreasonable expenses they had incurred. The same can be seen in the Swedish courts' handling of the aftermath of “räfsten i Jämtland”. This demonstrates the protective function of the courts. Through analysis and statistics that have been made as part of the thesis, it is also clear that land had a central and important role for the population, the rulers and society as a whole. The importance of land enables the different functions. If land is important, so is conflict resolution and protection of legal rights. Furthermore, the importance of land also enables it to be used as a means of guiding behavior. The court can thus be considered to have had all three of these functions. However, since the majority of the court protocols that concern land are about resolving conflicts, or ensuring that they never arise, the court's function can be considered to have been mainly conflict resolution.}},
author = {{Lifmark, Zakarias}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Domstolarna i Jämtland och jordfrågor efter freden i Brömsebro}},
year = {{2024}},
}