Jämställdhetsproblematik i praktiken - En analys av jämställdhetsproblematik i rättstillämpningen vid surrogatarrangemang och assisterad befruktning
(2024) LAGF03 20242Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Surrogatmoderskap innebär att en kvinna blir gravid med den uttalade avsikten att efter födseln inte behålla barnet utan överlämna det till ett par eller annan person. Förfarandet används i främre utsträckning idag för att ofrivilligt barnlösa ska få barn.
I denna uppsats undersöks surrogatmoderskap, men även assisterad be-fruktning, samt hur föräldraskap definieras eftersom det ofta uppstår problem med föräldraskapet efter surrogatarrangemang utomlands. De problem som uppstår kan se olika ut beroende på kön och sexuell läggning, och i uppsatsen undersöks därmed också om det föreligger någon jämställdhetsproblematik i dessa situationer.
I svensk rätt finns en moderskapspresumtion som innebär att den som föder ett barn blir barnets... (More) - Surrogatmoderskap innebär att en kvinna blir gravid med den uttalade avsikten att efter födseln inte behålla barnet utan överlämna det till ett par eller annan person. Förfarandet används i främre utsträckning idag för att ofrivilligt barnlösa ska få barn.
I denna uppsats undersöks surrogatmoderskap, men även assisterad be-fruktning, samt hur föräldraskap definieras eftersom det ofta uppstår problem med föräldraskapet efter surrogatarrangemang utomlands. De problem som uppstår kan se olika ut beroende på kön och sexuell läggning, och i uppsatsen undersöks därmed också om det föreligger någon jämställdhetsproblematik i dessa situationer.
I svensk rätt finns en moderskapspresumtion som innebär att den som föder ett barn blir barnets rättsliga moder. Problem uppstår när par åker utomlands för att genomgå surrogatarrangemang och sedan åker tillbaka till Sverige. Dessa problem är synliga i NJA 2006 s. 505 och NJA 2019 s. 504. För män i olikkönade förhållanden och den andra kvinnan i samkönade förhållande uppstår inte dessa problem eftersom det finns lagstöd för fastställelse. Problem kan också uppstå efter genomgående av assisterad be-fruktning i annan stat, vilket syns i HFD 2020 ref. 13.
När det gäller surrogatmoderskap har lagstiftaren varit tydlig sedan 1980-talet att det inte är etiskt försvarbart, och har ansetts innebära handel med kvinnor och barn. Dessutom har lagstiftaren inte velat underlätta för personer att genomgå surrogatarrangemang utomlands i lagstiftningen, utan snarare motarbetat dessa möjligheter.
Ett av de jämställdhetsproblem som finns i rättstillämpningen är att män lättare kan få sitt faderskap fastställt jämfört med kvinnor. För det första finns moderskapspresumtionen som innebär att tilltänkta mödrar generellt inte erkänns som moder till barnet som tillkommit genom surrogatarrangemang. För det andra har kvinnor i samkönade förhållanden missgynnats eftersom det inte funnits lagstöd att erkänna utomlands fastställda föräldraskap i Sverige. Detta resulterar i att det antagligen krävs lagstiftningsändringar i Sverige. (Less) - Abstract
- Surrogacy means that a woman becomes pregnant with the express intention of not keeping the child after birth but handing it over to a couple or another person. The procedure is used to a greater extent today to enable involuntarily childless people to have children.
This essay examines surrogacy, but also assisted fertilization, and how parenthood is defined, since problems often arise with parenthood after surrogacy arrangements abroad. The problems that arise can look different depending on gender and sexual orientation, and the essay thus also examines whether there are any gender equality issues in these situations.
In Swedish law, there is a presumption of maternity, which means that the person who gives birth to a child becomes... (More) - Surrogacy means that a woman becomes pregnant with the express intention of not keeping the child after birth but handing it over to a couple or another person. The procedure is used to a greater extent today to enable involuntarily childless people to have children.
This essay examines surrogacy, but also assisted fertilization, and how parenthood is defined, since problems often arise with parenthood after surrogacy arrangements abroad. The problems that arise can look different depending on gender and sexual orientation, and the essay thus also examines whether there are any gender equality issues in these situations.
In Swedish law, there is a presumption of maternity, which means that the person who gives birth to a child becomes the child's legal mother. Problems arise when couples go abroad to undergo surrogacy arrangements and then go back to Sweden. These problems are visible in the Swedish cases NJA 2006 p. 505 and NJA 2019 p. 504. For men in different-sex relationships and the other woman in same-sex relationships, these problems do not arise because there is legal support for determining parenthood. Problems can also arise after undergoing assisted fertilization in another state, which is seen in the Swedish case HFD 2020 ref. 13.
When it comes to surrogacy, the legislator has been clear since the 1980s that it is not ethically justifiable and has been considered to involve trafficking in women and children. In addition, the legislator has not wanted to make it easier for people to undergo surrogacy arrangements abroad in the legislation, but rather has opposed these possibilities.
One of the gender equality problems that exists in the application of the law is that men can more easily have their paternity established compared to women. Firstly, there is the presumption of maternity, which means that intended mothers are generally not recognized as the mother of a child conceived through surrogacy arrangements. Secondly, women in same-sex relationships have been disadvantaged because there has been no legal support for recognizing parentage established abroad in Sweden. This results in legislative changes probably being required in Sweden. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9179129
- author
- Månsson, Mikaela LU
- supervisor
-
- Mariya Senyk LU
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20242
- year
- 2024
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- Civilrätt, familjerätt, surrogatmoderskap, surrogatarrangemang, jämställdhet
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9179129
- date added to LUP
- 2025-03-20 14:15:39
- date last changed
- 2025-03-20 14:15:39
@misc{9179129,
abstract = {{Surrogacy means that a woman becomes pregnant with the express intention of not keeping the child after birth but handing it over to a couple or another person. The procedure is used to a greater extent today to enable involuntarily childless people to have children.
This essay examines surrogacy, but also assisted fertilization, and how parenthood is defined, since problems often arise with parenthood after surrogacy arrangements abroad. The problems that arise can look different depending on gender and sexual orientation, and the essay thus also examines whether there are any gender equality issues in these situations.
In Swedish law, there is a presumption of maternity, which means that the person who gives birth to a child becomes the child's legal mother. Problems arise when couples go abroad to undergo surrogacy arrangements and then go back to Sweden. These problems are visible in the Swedish cases NJA 2006 p. 505 and NJA 2019 p. 504. For men in different-sex relationships and the other woman in same-sex relationships, these problems do not arise because there is legal support for determining parenthood. Problems can also arise after undergoing assisted fertilization in another state, which is seen in the Swedish case HFD 2020 ref. 13.
When it comes to surrogacy, the legislator has been clear since the 1980s that it is not ethically justifiable and has been considered to involve trafficking in women and children. In addition, the legislator has not wanted to make it easier for people to undergo surrogacy arrangements abroad in the legislation, but rather has opposed these possibilities.
One of the gender equality problems that exists in the application of the law is that men can more easily have their paternity established compared to women. Firstly, there is the presumption of maternity, which means that intended mothers are generally not recognized as the mother of a child conceived through surrogacy arrangements. Secondly, women in same-sex relationships have been disadvantaged because there has been no legal support for recognizing parentage established abroad in Sweden. This results in legislative changes probably being required in Sweden.}},
author = {{Månsson, Mikaela}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Jämställdhetsproblematik i praktiken - En analys av jämställdhetsproblematik i rättstillämpningen vid surrogatarrangemang och assisterad befruktning}},
year = {{2024}},
}