Carried interest – behovet av ett regelverk
(2024) JURM02 20242Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Frågan om hur carried interest ska beskattas har länge varit en kontroversiell fråga inom skatterätten. Carried interest, eller särskild vinstandel på svenska, utgör en del av de avgifter som erhålles av ett riskkapitalbolag i samband med förvaltningen av en riskkapitalfond. I många fall får nyckelpersoner inom riskkapitalbolaget möjlighet att ta del av denna avkastning varpå frå-gan hur inkomsten ska beskattas hos dessa personer. I nuläget saknas sär-skilda regler för hur inkomsten ska behandlas, i stället görs bedömningen utifrån generella regler och utfallet varierar från fall till fall.
Framställningens syfte är att, i ljuset av den utredning som tillsattes 2024, undersöka fåmansföretagsreglernas lämplighet för beskattning av carried... (More) - Frågan om hur carried interest ska beskattas har länge varit en kontroversiell fråga inom skatterätten. Carried interest, eller särskild vinstandel på svenska, utgör en del av de avgifter som erhålles av ett riskkapitalbolag i samband med förvaltningen av en riskkapitalfond. I många fall får nyckelpersoner inom riskkapitalbolaget möjlighet att ta del av denna avkastning varpå frå-gan hur inkomsten ska beskattas hos dessa personer. I nuläget saknas sär-skilda regler för hur inkomsten ska behandlas, i stället görs bedömningen utifrån generella regler och utfallet varierar från fall till fall.
Framställningens syfte är att, i ljuset av den utredning som tillsattes 2024, undersöka fåmansföretagsreglernas lämplighet för beskattning av carried interest. Detta görs genom tillämpningen av en rättsdogmatisk metod i syfte att besvara frågeställningarna om vad carried interest är, hur fåmansföretags-reglerna tillämpats och om en eventuell reglering av carried interest ska infö-ras i 57 kap. inkomstskattelagen.
Arbetet finner att carried interest är en på förhand avtalad fördelning av vinsten i en riskkapitalfond. I de fall avkastningen överstiger en viss nivå erhåller riskkapitalbolaget 20 procent av den överskjutande avkastningen. Avkastningen uppstår på investerat kapital i fonden men det finns trots detta argument för att det är en tjänsteinkomst. Som skäl för detta är att nyckelpersonerna bidragit med arbetsinsatser i fonden eller erbjudits delta i upplägget inom ramen för anställningen. Troligtvis är inkomsten ett mellan-ting mellan de två inkomstertyperna.
Fåmansföretagsreglerna har bedömts tillämpliga i flera fall rörande carried interest. Regelverket erbjuder en möjlighet att beskatta inkomster dels som kapital, dels som tjänst. Regelverket tillämpas emellertid som en följd av att carried interest betalas ut via helägda holdingbolag, varpå rekvisiten i 57 kap. inkomstskattelagen uppfylles. I undersökningen framgår det dock tyd-ligt att regelverket inte är anpassat för riskkapitalsituationer och att utfallet varierar stort från fall till fall. Det har även framförts förslag om att begränsa tillämpningen av regelverket i vissa riskkapitalsituationer.
Det blir därför tydligt att det finns ett behov av ett regelverk som reglerar situationer involverande carried interest. Utredningens resultat visar emeller-tid att en sådan reglering bör införas separat till fåmansföretagsreglerna även om en motsvarande beskattningseffekt vill uppnås. Detta med hänsyn till oklarheten vid tillämpningen av fåmansföretagsreglerna, svårigheten att kombinera parallella regelverk inom samma kapitel samt behoven av en andra rekvisit och definitioner än 57 kap. inkomstskattelagen. (Less) - Abstract
- The question of how carried interest should be taxed has been a controver-sial issue in Swedish tax law. Carried interest constitutes part of the fees received by a private equity firm. In many cases, key individuals within the private equity firm are given the opportunity to receive a share of this return, raising the issue of how the income should be taxed. Currently, there are no specific rules governing the treatment of this income. Instead, the assess-ment is based on general rules, and the outcome varies from case to case.
The purpose of this study is, in light of the investigation initiated in 2024, to examine the suitability of the closely held companies' rules for the taxation of carried interest. This is done by applying a... (More) - The question of how carried interest should be taxed has been a controver-sial issue in Swedish tax law. Carried interest constitutes part of the fees received by a private equity firm. In many cases, key individuals within the private equity firm are given the opportunity to receive a share of this return, raising the issue of how the income should be taxed. Currently, there are no specific rules governing the treatment of this income. Instead, the assess-ment is based on general rules, and the outcome varies from case to case.
The purpose of this study is, in light of the investigation initiated in 2024, to examine the suitability of the closely held companies' rules for the taxation of carried interest. This is done by applying a legal-dogmatic method to an-swer the questions of what carried interest is, how the rules for closely held companies have been applied, and whether regulation concerning carried interest should be introduced in Chapter 57 of the Swedish Income Tax Act.
The study finds that carried interest is a pre-agreed allocation of profits in a private equity fund. When returns exceed a certain level, the private equity firm receives 20 percent share of the return. Although the returns arise from invested capital in the fund, there are arguments that this income should be treated as employment income. This is based on the rationale that the indi-viduals have contributed to the funds profits by actively working with the fund management or have been offered the opportunity to participate as part of their employment for the private equity firm. Likely, the income falls somewhere between the two income categories.
The rules for close companies have been deemed applicable in several cases involving carried interest. The regulatory framework allows for income to be taxed partly as capital and partly as employment income. However, the rules are applied because carried interest is often paid through wholly owned holding companies, thereby meeting the requirements in Chapter 57 of the Income Tax Act. The study makes it clear, however, that the regulatory framework is not designed for private equity scenarios, and outcomes vary significantly between cases. There have also been proposals to limit the ap-plication of these rules in certain private equity situations.
It is therefore evident that there is an inherent need for a regulatory frame-work to address situations involving carried interest. The findings of the study indicate, however, that such regulations should be introduced sepa-rately from the closely held companies' rules, even if a similar taxation effect is desired. This is due to the ambiguity in applying the closely held compa-nies' rules, the difficulty of combining parallel regulations within the same chapter, and the need for other requirements and definitions than those found in Chapter 57 of the Income Tax Act. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9179152
- author
- Bolinder, Jack LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- Carried Interest – The Need for a Regulatory Framework
- course
- JURM02 20242
- year
- 2024
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- Skatterätt, Carried interest, särskild vinstandel, riskkapital, private equity
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9179152
- date added to LUP
- 2025-01-24 14:53:33
- date last changed
- 2025-01-24 14:53:33
@misc{9179152, abstract = {{The question of how carried interest should be taxed has been a controver-sial issue in Swedish tax law. Carried interest constitutes part of the fees received by a private equity firm. In many cases, key individuals within the private equity firm are given the opportunity to receive a share of this return, raising the issue of how the income should be taxed. Currently, there are no specific rules governing the treatment of this income. Instead, the assess-ment is based on general rules, and the outcome varies from case to case. The purpose of this study is, in light of the investigation initiated in 2024, to examine the suitability of the closely held companies' rules for the taxation of carried interest. This is done by applying a legal-dogmatic method to an-swer the questions of what carried interest is, how the rules for closely held companies have been applied, and whether regulation concerning carried interest should be introduced in Chapter 57 of the Swedish Income Tax Act. The study finds that carried interest is a pre-agreed allocation of profits in a private equity fund. When returns exceed a certain level, the private equity firm receives 20 percent share of the return. Although the returns arise from invested capital in the fund, there are arguments that this income should be treated as employment income. This is based on the rationale that the indi-viduals have contributed to the funds profits by actively working with the fund management or have been offered the opportunity to participate as part of their employment for the private equity firm. Likely, the income falls somewhere between the two income categories. The rules for close companies have been deemed applicable in several cases involving carried interest. The regulatory framework allows for income to be taxed partly as capital and partly as employment income. However, the rules are applied because carried interest is often paid through wholly owned holding companies, thereby meeting the requirements in Chapter 57 of the Income Tax Act. The study makes it clear, however, that the regulatory framework is not designed for private equity scenarios, and outcomes vary significantly between cases. There have also been proposals to limit the ap-plication of these rules in certain private equity situations. It is therefore evident that there is an inherent need for a regulatory frame-work to address situations involving carried interest. The findings of the study indicate, however, that such regulations should be introduced sepa-rately from the closely held companies' rules, even if a similar taxation effect is desired. This is due to the ambiguity in applying the closely held compa-nies' rules, the difficulty of combining parallel regulations within the same chapter, and the need for other requirements and definitions than those found in Chapter 57 of the Income Tax Act.}}, author = {{Bolinder, Jack}}, language = {{swe}}, note = {{Student Paper}}, title = {{Carried interest – behovet av ett regelverk}}, year = {{2024}}, }