Ett dunkelt privilegium i rättsstatens ljus – En undersökning om avskaffandet av Lunds universitets akademiska jurisdiktion
(2024) JURM02 20242Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- De första universiteten i Europa grundades i en tid då samhället var strikt hierarkiskt. Det bestod av sammanslutningar, så kallade korporationer, med olika rättigheter och skyldigheter sinsemellan. Universitetet utvecklades till att bli en sådan korporation. Efterhand tillerkändes vissa korporationer privilegier, inledningsvis av den andliga makten och sedan av den värdsliga. Ett av de privilegier som universitetet erhöll var domsrätt över studenter, anställda och andra personer som ansågs vara akademiska medborgare. Ordningen var inte främmande för privilegiesamhället eftersom en grundläggande rättslig princip var att ”ge åt var och en sitt”, suum cuique tribuere, vilket innebar att envar skulle dömas av sina likar.
Principen... (More) - De första universiteten i Europa grundades i en tid då samhället var strikt hierarkiskt. Det bestod av sammanslutningar, så kallade korporationer, med olika rättigheter och skyldigheter sinsemellan. Universitetet utvecklades till att bli en sådan korporation. Efterhand tillerkändes vissa korporationer privilegier, inledningsvis av den andliga makten och sedan av den värdsliga. Ett av de privilegier som universitetet erhöll var domsrätt över studenter, anställda och andra personer som ansågs vara akademiska medborgare. Ordningen var inte främmande för privilegiesamhället eftersom en grundläggande rättslig princip var att ”ge åt var och en sitt”, suum cuique tribuere, vilket innebar att envar skulle dömas av sina likar.
Principen genomsyrade även det svenska stormaktssamhället i vilket Lunds universitet grundlades och lärosätet erhöll därmed en akademisk jurisdiktion över sina medborgare. Jurisdiktionen utgjorde ett naturligt inslag i ståndssamhället och den skulle överleva i nästan två sekel, för att sedan avskaffas. Anledningen till avskaffandet var den samhällsomvälvning som under 1800-talets första hälft skakade om samhällets grundvalar. Upplysningens tankar om jämlikhet mellan medborgare hade fått genomslag och krav började ställas på att etablera en modern rättsstat där alla medborgare skulle vara lika inför lagen.
Syftet med denna uppsats är att belysa brytpunkten mellan en gammal samhällsordning och en ny, med särskilt fokus på hur den förändrade synen på privilegiesamhället och likheten inför lagen påverkade processen som ledde till avskaffandet av den akademiska jurisdiktionen. För att göra detta används den komparativa rättshistoriska metoden. Dessutom appliceras Kaarlo Tuoris teoretiska konstruktion om rättens tre nivåer, som verktyg för att få en genomgripande analys.
Slutsatsen är att den förändrade synen på privilegiesamhället och likheten inför lagen hade avgörande betydelse för processen som ledde till domsrättens avskaffande. Allteftersom principen om att likhet inför lagen skulle gälla alla medborgare vann mer mark, försvagades också argumentet att samhällsklasserna borde dömas av sina likar. Det gjorde i sin tur att den akademiska jurisdiktionen blev allt svårare att motivera, trots bestämda försök från det konservativa hållet. Efter årtionden av debatter mellan sidan för respektive emot avskaffandet beslutade ståndsriksdagen och kungen till slut att jurisdiktionen skulle avskaffas. (Less) - Abstract
- The first universities in Europe were founded during a time when society was strictly hierarchical. It consisted of various associations, so called corporations, each with their own different rights and obligations. The university developed to become such a corporation. Subsequently, certain privileges were granted certain corporations, at first by the spiritual power and later by the worldly power. One of the privileges that were granted to the universities was jurisdiction over students, employees and others considered to be academic citizens. The order was not strange to privileged society since one of the fundamental legal principles was to “give to each his own”, suum cuique tribuere, meaning that each person was to be judged by his... (More)
- The first universities in Europe were founded during a time when society was strictly hierarchical. It consisted of various associations, so called corporations, each with their own different rights and obligations. The university developed to become such a corporation. Subsequently, certain privileges were granted certain corporations, at first by the spiritual power and later by the worldly power. One of the privileges that were granted to the universities was jurisdiction over students, employees and others considered to be academic citizens. The order was not strange to privileged society since one of the fundamental legal principles was to “give to each his own”, suum cuique tribuere, meaning that each person was to be judged by his equals.
The principle also permeated the Swedish Era of Great Power, during which Lund University was founded, and the university was therefore granted academic jurisdiction over its academic citizens. The jurisdiction was a natural component in a society divided into Estates, and it persisted for almost two centuries before being abolished. The abolition was driven by the profound societal transformations of the early 19th century, which disrupted the foundation of the previous order. Ideas of the Enlightenment advocating equality among citizens had gained traction, and demands were made to establish a modern rule of law in which all citizens would be considered equal before the law.
The purpose of this thesis is to highlight the transition from an old social order to a new one, with a particular focus on how the shifting perception of the society based on privileges and the principle of equality before the law influenced the process leading to the abolition of the academic jurisdiction. To fulfil the purpose, the comparative legal historical method is adopted. Furthermore, Kaarlo Tuori’s theoretical construction of the three levels of law is applied as an analytical tool to achieve a comprehensive analysis.
The conclusion is that the changing perception of the privileged society and the principle of equality before the law were decisive factors in the process leading to the abolition of the academic jurisdiction. As the principle of equal treatment of all citizens gained greater acceptance, the argument that social classes should be judged by their peers was diminished. This, in turn, made the academic jurisdiction more difficult to justify, despite determined attempts from the conservative faction. After decades of debates between the proponents and the opponents of the abolition, the parliament and the king ultimately decided to abolish the academic jurisdiction. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9179483
- author
- Alvunger, Klara LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- A Dim Privilege in the Light of the Rule of Law – An Investigation into the Abolition of the Academic Jurisdiction of Lund University
- course
- JURM02 20242
- year
- 2024
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- rättshistoria, legal history, akademisk jurisdiktion, akademisk domsrätt, Lunds universitet, liberalism, konservatism, historiska skolan, rättsstat, likhet inför lagen, privilegiesamhälle
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9179483
- date added to LUP
- 2025-01-14 11:58:09
- date last changed
- 2025-01-14 11:58:58
@misc{9179483, abstract = {{The first universities in Europe were founded during a time when society was strictly hierarchical. It consisted of various associations, so called corporations, each with their own different rights and obligations. The university developed to become such a corporation. Subsequently, certain privileges were granted certain corporations, at first by the spiritual power and later by the worldly power. One of the privileges that were granted to the universities was jurisdiction over students, employees and others considered to be academic citizens. The order was not strange to privileged society since one of the fundamental legal principles was to “give to each his own”, suum cuique tribuere, meaning that each person was to be judged by his equals. The principle also permeated the Swedish Era of Great Power, during which Lund University was founded, and the university was therefore granted academic jurisdiction over its academic citizens. The jurisdiction was a natural component in a society divided into Estates, and it persisted for almost two centuries before being abolished. The abolition was driven by the profound societal transformations of the early 19th century, which disrupted the foundation of the previous order. Ideas of the Enlightenment advocating equality among citizens had gained traction, and demands were made to establish a modern rule of law in which all citizens would be considered equal before the law. The purpose of this thesis is to highlight the transition from an old social order to a new one, with a particular focus on how the shifting perception of the society based on privileges and the principle of equality before the law influenced the process leading to the abolition of the academic jurisdiction. To fulfil the purpose, the comparative legal historical method is adopted. Furthermore, Kaarlo Tuori’s theoretical construction of the three levels of law is applied as an analytical tool to achieve a comprehensive analysis. The conclusion is that the changing perception of the privileged society and the principle of equality before the law were decisive factors in the process leading to the abolition of the academic jurisdiction. As the principle of equal treatment of all citizens gained greater acceptance, the argument that social classes should be judged by their peers was diminished. This, in turn, made the academic jurisdiction more difficult to justify, despite determined attempts from the conservative faction. After decades of debates between the proponents and the opponents of the abolition, the parliament and the king ultimately decided to abolish the academic jurisdiction.}}, author = {{Alvunger, Klara}}, language = {{swe}}, note = {{Student Paper}}, title = {{Ett dunkelt privilegium i rättsstatens ljus – En undersökning om avskaffandet av Lunds universitets akademiska jurisdiktion}}, year = {{2024}}, }