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Om medgivanden i rättighetsmål - En analys av förhållandet mellan medgivandets rättsliga verkan och rätten till ett effektivt rättsmedel enligt Europakonventionen

Söderberg Olofsson, Elin LU (2024) JURM02 20242
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Denna uppsats undersöker samspelet mellan dispositionsprincipen och rätten till ett effektivt rättsmedel enligt artikel 13 i Europakonventionen, med särskilt fokus på dispositiva tvistemål där käranden yrkar skadestånd av det allmänna för en påstådd konventionsrättighetsöverträdelse. Dispositionsprincipen innebär att domstolen är bunden av parternas processhandlingar. Om svaranden medger kärandens yrkande ska detta i dispositiva tvistemål normalt leda till en bifallande dom utan att målet prövas i sak. Samtidigt kräver artikel 13 i Europakonventionen att den enskilde får en tillfredsställande prövning av en påstådd rättighetsöverträdelse och, i förekommande fall, tillerkänns adekvat gottgörelse. Frågan om detta kan innebära att en svensk... (More)
Denna uppsats undersöker samspelet mellan dispositionsprincipen och rätten till ett effektivt rättsmedel enligt artikel 13 i Europakonventionen, med särskilt fokus på dispositiva tvistemål där käranden yrkar skadestånd av det allmänna för en påstådd konventionsrättighetsöverträdelse. Dispositionsprincipen innebär att domstolen är bunden av parternas processhandlingar. Om svaranden medger kärandens yrkande ska detta i dispositiva tvistemål normalt leda till en bifallande dom utan att målet prövas i sak. Samtidigt kräver artikel 13 i Europakonventionen att den enskilde får en tillfredsställande prövning av en påstådd rättighetsöverträdelse och, i förekommande fall, tillerkänns adekvat gottgörelse. Frågan om detta kan innebära att en svensk domstol måste ge käranden möjlighet till en sakprövning trots svarandens medgivande har nyligen aktualiserats i Hovrätten över Skåne och Blekinges mål nr Ö 4017-23 (”Olivia mot Region Skåne”) och utgör uppsatsens utgångspunkt.

Uppsatsen utgår från en rättsdogmatisk metod där de traditionella rättskällorna används för att fastställa gällande rätt. Analysen visar att medgivandets bindande verkan kan stå i konflikt med rätten till ett effektivt rättsmedel, särskilt när svaranden inte samtidigt vitsordar att en rättighetsöverträdelse faktiskt har skett. En dom grundad på ett medgivande riskerar i sådana fall att inte ge den enskilde det erkännande eller konstaterande av en påstådd rättighetsöverträdelse som krävs för att uppfylla kraven enligt artikel 13 i Europakonventionen.

För att säkerställa ett effektivt rättsmedel kan det därför krävas att käranden ges möjlighet till en sakprövning trots svarandens medgivande. I uppsatsen undersöks tre kategorier av möjliga lösningar för att hantera denna problematik inom ramen för befintliga civilprocessuella regler. De potentiella handlingsalternativ som diskuteras är att 1) begränsa medgivandets bindande verkan genom en fördragskonform (om)tolkning av 42 kap. 18 § första stycket 3 rättegångsbalken; 2) pröva påståendet om en rättighetsöverträdelse som en fastställelsetalan eller genom mellandom enligt 13 kap. 2 § eller 17 kap. 5 § andra stycket rättegångsbalken och 3) behandla rättighetsmål som helt eller delvis indispositiva tvistemål. Varje alternativ innebär dock inskränkningar av parternas dispositionsfrihet och medför vissa praktiska utmaningar.

Sammanfattningsvis visar uppsatsen att artikel 13 i Europakonventionen ställer krav som inte fullt ut harmoniserar med medgivandets rättsliga verkan i svensk civilprocessrätt. Det finns därmed en viss spänning mellan dispositionsprincipen och rätten till ett effektivt rättsmedel i rättighetsmål. Frågan om hur medgivanden i sådana mål ska hanteras för att säkerställa ett effektivt rättsmedel är komplex och kräver vidare överväganden, både på lagstiftningsnivå och i rättstillämpningen. Genom att belysa problematiken och möjliga lösningar inom ramen för befintliga civilprocessuella regler bidrar uppsatsen till den pågående diskussionen och utvecklingen på området. (Less)
Abstract
This thesis examines the interplay between the principle of party disposition and the right to an effective remedy under Article 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), with a particular focus on civil cases where the claimant seeks damages from public authorities for an alleged violation of Convention rights. The principle of party disposition entails that the court is bound by the procedural actions of the parties. In dispositive civil cases, if the defendant admits the claimant's demand, this results in a judgment in favour of the claimant without substantive examination of the case. However, Article 13 of the ECHR requires that an individual must have access to an effective remedy to both deal with the substance of the... (More)
This thesis examines the interplay between the principle of party disposition and the right to an effective remedy under Article 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), with a particular focus on civil cases where the claimant seeks damages from public authorities for an alleged violation of Convention rights. The principle of party disposition entails that the court is bound by the procedural actions of the parties. In dispositive civil cases, if the defendant admits the claimant's demand, this results in a judgment in favour of the claimant without substantive examination of the case. However, Article 13 of the ECHR requires that an individual must have access to an effective remedy to both deal with the substance of the relevant Convention complaint and grant appropriate relief. The question of whether Article 13 of the ECHR may compel Swedish courts to provide claimants with a substantive examination despite the defendant’s admission was recently raised in the Court of Appeal for Skåne and Blekinge in case no. Ö 4017-23 ("Olivia v. Region Skåne"). This issue serves as the starting point for the thesis.

The thesis employs a legal dogmatic method, using traditional legal sources to determine the applicable law. The analysis reveals that the binding effect of an admission can conflict with the right to an effective remedy, particularly when the defendant does not simultaneously acknowledge that a rights violation has occurred. A judgment based on an admission in such cases risks failing to meet the requirements of Article 13 of the ECHR, as it does not provide the claimant with an acknowledgement of an alleged rights violation.

To ensure the provision of an effective remedy, it may therefore be necessary to allow the claimant a substantive examination despite the defendant’s admission. The thesis explores three categories of potential solutions to address this issue within the framework of existing procedural rules. These are 1) limiting the binding effect of an admission through treaty-compliant (re)interpretation of Chapter 42, Section 18, Paragraph 1(3) of the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure (rättegångsbalken); 2) allowing the alleged rights violation to be examined as a declaratory action or through an interlocutory judgment under Chapter 13, Section 2 or Chapter 17, Section 5, Paragraph 2 of the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure; and 3) treating cases seeking damages for alleged violations of Convention rights as fully or partially non-dispositive civil cases. Each alternative, however, entails restrictions on the parties’ procedural autonomy and poses certain practical challenges.

In conclusion, the thesis demonstrates that Article 13 of the ECHR imposes requirements that do not fully align with the binding effect of admissions under Swedish civil procedural law. Consequently, there is a tension between the principle of party disposition and the right to an effective remedy in cases seeking damages for alleged violations of Convention rights. The question of how admissions in such cases should be managed to ensure an effective remedy is complex and requires further consideration at both the legislative and judicial levels. By highlighting the issue and potential solutions within the framework of existing civil procedural rules, this thesis contributes to the ongoing discussion and development in this field. (Less)
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author
Söderberg Olofsson, Elin LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
On Admissions in Rights-Related Cases - An Analysis of the Relationship Between the Legal Effect of Admissions and the Right to an Effective Remedy Under the European Convention on Human Rights
course
JURM02 20242
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
rättsvetenskap, civilprocessrätt, förmögenhetsrätt, dispositionsprincipen, dispositiva tvistemål, medgivande, effektivt rättsmedel, Europakonventionen
language
Swedish
id
9179764
date added to LUP
2025-01-31 09:51:18
date last changed
2025-01-31 09:51:18
@misc{9179764,
  abstract     = {{This thesis examines the interplay between the principle of party disposition and the right to an effective remedy under Article 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), with a particular focus on civil cases where the claimant seeks damages from public authorities for an alleged violation of Convention rights. The principle of party disposition entails that the court is bound by the procedural actions of the parties. In dispositive civil cases, if the defendant admits the claimant's demand, this results in a judgment in favour of the claimant without substantive examination of the case. However, Article 13 of the ECHR requires that an individual must have access to an effective remedy to both deal with the substance of the relevant Convention complaint and grant appropriate relief. The question of whether Article 13 of the ECHR may compel Swedish courts to provide claimants with a substantive examination despite the defendant’s admission was recently raised in the Court of Appeal for Skåne and Blekinge in case no. Ö 4017-23 ("Olivia v. Region Skåne"). This issue serves as the starting point for the thesis.

The thesis employs a legal dogmatic method, using traditional legal sources to determine the applicable law. The analysis reveals that the binding effect of an admission can conflict with the right to an effective remedy, particularly when the defendant does not simultaneously acknowledge that a rights violation has occurred. A judgment based on an admission in such cases risks failing to meet the requirements of Article 13 of the ECHR, as it does not provide the claimant with an acknowledgement of an alleged rights violation. 

To ensure the provision of an effective remedy, it may therefore be necessary to allow the claimant a substantive examination despite the defendant’s admission. The thesis explores three categories of potential solutions to address this issue within the framework of existing procedural rules. These are 1) limiting the binding effect of an admission through treaty-compliant (re)interpretation of Chapter 42, Section 18, Paragraph 1(3) of the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure (rättegångsbalken); 2) allowing the alleged rights violation to be examined as a declaratory action or through an interlocutory judgment under Chapter 13, Section 2 or Chapter 17, Section 5, Paragraph 2 of the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure; and 3) treating cases seeking damages for alleged violations of Convention rights as fully or partially non-dispositive civil cases. Each alternative, however, entails restrictions on the parties’ procedural autonomy and poses certain practical challenges.

In conclusion, the thesis demonstrates that Article 13 of the ECHR imposes requirements that do not fully align with the binding effect of admissions under Swedish civil procedural law. Consequently, there is a tension between the principle of party disposition and the right to an effective remedy in cases seeking damages for alleged violations of Convention rights. The question of how admissions in such cases should be managed to ensure an effective remedy is complex and requires further consideration at both the legislative and judicial levels. By highlighting the issue and potential solutions within the framework of existing civil procedural rules, this thesis contributes to the ongoing discussion and development in this field.}},
  author       = {{Söderberg Olofsson, Elin}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Om medgivanden i rättighetsmål - En analys av förhållandet mellan medgivandets rättsliga verkan och rätten till ett effektivt rättsmedel enligt Europakonventionen}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}