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Vems val? Beslutssvaghet och presumerat samtycke till organdonation i svensk och internationell rätt

Molin Oliv, Hilda LU (2024) LAGF03 20242
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
The Swedish system for organ donation after death is based on the possibility to express one's opinion on the matter in life, and to have that respected after one´s passing. If you have not expressed an objection to this during life, you are presumed to have consented. This is called presumed consent. In 2022 however, a legislative amendment was made to the Swedish transplantation law (TL), where an exception to the rule of presumed consent was made con-sidering the special situation for especially decision-vulnerable individuals.

The Swedish national transplantation legislation exists in a context of international regulations. The purpose of this essay is to examine how well the Swedish legislation of the presumed consent of... (More)
The Swedish system for organ donation after death is based on the possibility to express one's opinion on the matter in life, and to have that respected after one´s passing. If you have not expressed an objection to this during life, you are presumed to have consented. This is called presumed consent. In 2022 however, a legislative amendment was made to the Swedish transplantation law (TL), where an exception to the rule of presumed consent was made con-sidering the special situation for especially decision-vulnerable individuals.

The Swedish national transplantation legislation exists in a context of international regulations. The purpose of this essay is to examine how well the Swedish legislation of the presumed consent of decision-vulnerable individuals aligns with international legislation on the matter. Firstly, the relevant legislation in TL touching the subject is presented, both before and after the legislative amendment. After that, relevant international conventions are presented: the CRPD, the ECHR and the Oviedo Convention including one of its amendments. After this, the conventions are compared, through which core concepts central to them all are chosen, these being the respect for dignity and autonomy and informed consent. These are then used as analytical tools, to assess how well Swedish legislation aligns with them.

The essay concludes that even though all the conventions regulate the core concepts in some way, it is done differently and has different outcomes. The older version of TL does not contain special regulation for decision-vulnerable individuals. This can be said to be more aligned with international regulations such as those in the CRPD that are more extensive in their views on autonomy and dignity. The newer version of TL does contain special regulation, which infringes on this autonomy, but can be said to have a higher grade of respect for informed consent. Dignity is not defined in any of the conventions, which means that the discussion regarding it in the essay must be more general. The question of which version of TL shows more respect for the dignity of decision vulnerable individuals depends on what view of them the legislator has, and on how he defines dignity. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Det svenska systemet för organdonation efter döden bygger på möjligheten att göra sin vilja klar när man lever, och att den viljan respekteras när man avlidit. Om man i sitt liv inte uttryckt sig negativt kring att bli organdonator presumeras man ha samtyckt till det. Detta kallas presumerat samtycke. År 2022 sked-de en ändring i transplantationslagen (TL), där ett undantag från regeln med presumerat samtycke infördes, gällande särskilt beslutssvaga individer.

Den svenska transplantationslagstiftningen existerar i en kontext av internat-ionella åtaganden och bestämmelser som reglerar ämnet. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur väl den svenska nationella regleringen av be-slutssvagas presumerade samtycke stämmer överens med... (More)
Det svenska systemet för organdonation efter döden bygger på möjligheten att göra sin vilja klar när man lever, och att den viljan respekteras när man avlidit. Om man i sitt liv inte uttryckt sig negativt kring att bli organdonator presumeras man ha samtyckt till det. Detta kallas presumerat samtycke. År 2022 sked-de en ändring i transplantationslagen (TL), där ett undantag från regeln med presumerat samtycke infördes, gällande särskilt beslutssvaga individer.

Den svenska transplantationslagstiftningen existerar i en kontext av internat-ionella åtaganden och bestämmelser som reglerar ämnet. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur väl den svenska nationella regleringen av be-slutssvagas presumerade samtycke stämmer överens med internationell lag-stiftning som reglerar frågan, vilket sker genom jämförelse och analys. Först presenteras hur frågan regleras i svensk nationell transplantationslagstiftning före och efter lagändringen. Därefter presenteras relevanta internationella kon-ventioners reglering: CRPD, EKMR och Oviedokonventionen med tilläggs-protokoll. Efter presentationen jämförs konventionerna, varefter principer som genomsyrar dem väljs ut. Principerna är värdighet, och autonomi och informe-rat samtycke. Dessa används som analysverktyg, för att undersöka hur väl svensk lagstiftning är i linje med dem.

I uppsatsen dras slutsatsen att trots att de olika internationella dokumenten alla lyfter koncepten autonomi, informerat samtycke och värdighet så sker det på olika sätt, och har olika betydelser. Det konstateras att äldre TL saknar särreglering för beslutssvaga, vilket kan sägas vara mer i linje med viss internationell rätt som stadgar mer långtgående autonomi för dem, såsom CRPD. Nya TL har särreglering, vilken inskränker denna autonomi, men kan anses ha mer respekt för informerat samtycke. Värdighet definieras ej i den internationella rätten, varför en mer allmän diskussion om dess betydelse förs i uppsatsen. Vilken version av TL som visar störst respekt för beslutssvaga personers vär-dighet beror på vilken syn man har på beslutssvaga personer, och på vad man anser att värdighet innebär. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Molin Oliv, Hilda LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20242
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Socialrätt, Organtransplantation, Beslutssvaghet, Offentlig rätt, Medicinsk rätt, EKMR, Oviedokonventionen, CRPD, Organdonation, Medicinskt samtycke, Beslutskompetens, Mänskliga rättigheter, Presumerat samtycke
language
Swedish
id
9179796
date added to LUP
2025-03-20 14:15:02
date last changed
2025-03-20 14:15:02
@misc{9179796,
  abstract     = {{The Swedish system for organ donation after death is based on the possibility to express one's opinion on the matter in life, and to have that respected after one´s passing. If you have not expressed an objection to this during life, you are presumed to have consented. This is called presumed consent. In 2022 however, a legislative amendment was made to the Swedish transplantation law (TL), where an exception to the rule of presumed consent was made con-sidering the special situation for especially decision-vulnerable individuals.

The Swedish national transplantation legislation exists in a context of international regulations. The purpose of this essay is to examine how well the Swedish legislation of the presumed consent of decision-vulnerable individuals aligns with international legislation on the matter. Firstly, the relevant legislation in TL touching the subject is presented, both before and after the legislative amendment. After that, relevant international conventions are presented: the CRPD, the ECHR and the Oviedo Convention including one of its amendments. After this, the conventions are compared, through which core concepts central to them all are chosen, these being the respect for dignity and autonomy and informed consent. These are then used as analytical tools, to assess how well Swedish legislation aligns with them.

The essay concludes that even though all the conventions regulate the core concepts in some way, it is done differently and has different outcomes. The older version of TL does not contain special regulation for decision-vulnerable individuals. This can be said to be more aligned with international regulations such as those in the CRPD that are more extensive in their views on autonomy and dignity. The newer version of TL does contain special regulation, which infringes on this autonomy, but can be said to have a higher grade of respect for informed consent. Dignity is not defined in any of the conventions, which means that the discussion regarding it in the essay must be more general. The question of which version of TL shows more respect for the dignity of decision vulnerable individuals depends on what view of them the legislator has, and on how he defines dignity.}},
  author       = {{Molin Oliv, Hilda}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Vems val? Beslutssvaghet och presumerat samtycke till organdonation i svensk och internationell rätt}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}