Exploaterade och tystade - Människohandel, arbetslivskriminalitet och migrationspolitikens paradoxer
(2024) JURM02 20242Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract
- Human trafficking and labor exploitation are described as the most severe forms of workplace crime. Human trafficking can involve transporting individuals through coercion, with the purpose of such trafficking often being forced labor or otherwise exploiting the workforce of a person. Human exploitation targets the exploitation itself. Human trafficking and human exploitation often occur through the misuse of foreign labor, frequently third-country nationals, by unscrupulous employers. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate how migration law regulations, particularly those concerning work permits, undermine the criminal law protection against labor exploitation in human trafficking and human exploitation.
Labor exploitation has a... (More) - Human trafficking and labor exploitation are described as the most severe forms of workplace crime. Human trafficking can involve transporting individuals through coercion, with the purpose of such trafficking often being forced labor or otherwise exploiting the workforce of a person. Human exploitation targets the exploitation itself. Human trafficking and human exploitation often occur through the misuse of foreign labor, frequently third-country nationals, by unscrupulous employers. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate how migration law regulations, particularly those concerning work permits, undermine the criminal law protection against labor exploitation in human trafficking and human exploitation.
Labor exploitation has a strong connection to labor immigration. Both foreign workers with prescribed work permits and illegal workers are exploited. They work under unreasonable conditions, receive unreasonably low wages, work longer hours than permitted by labor laws, and, in several cases, are forced to repay part or all of their wages to the employer in exchange for a job and a work permit. Sweden has long been criticized for its low number of convictions in cases of labor exploitation involving human trafficking and human exploitation. In the field of migration law, the rules for labor immigration has been tightened through stricter conditions for obtaining a work permit in Sweden. The underlying motives has been driven by the aim of countering abuse of the labor immigration system and exploitation of foreign workers through human trafficking and human exploitation.
The conclusion of the thesis is that migration law regulations, particularly regarding work permits, undermine an effective criminal law protection against labor exploitation in human trafficking and human exploitation. Migration law rules must be taken into account for the criminal law protections to achieve their intended purpose. In many cases, foreign workers are in a position of dependency on the employer exploiting them. Stricter conditions, such as increased income requirements for labor immigrants, may strengthen this dependency, putting workers at even greater risk of exploitation by unscrupulous employers. Many foreign workers are threatened with deportation and being sent back in debt if they oppose their employer’s. The fear of losing their job and being forced to leave the country leads to victims not daring to report. Such factors make criminal offenses challenging to prosecute and limit the victims' ability to benefit from the criminal law protections due to migration law regulations. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- Människohandel och människoexploatering beskrivs som de värsta formerna av arbetslivskriminalitet. Människohandel kan bestå i att transportera människor genom tvång, varvid syftet med handeln kan vara tvångsarbete eller att på annat sätt utnyttja arbetskraften hos en person. Människoexploatering angriper själva exploateringen. Människohandel och människoexploatering sker ofta genom att utländsk arbetskraft, ofta tredjelandsmedborgare, utnyttjas av oseriösa arbetsgivare. Syftet med uppsatsen är att påvisa hur migrationsrättsliga regleringar, särskilt regler om arbetstillstånd, kommer i konflikt med det straffrättsliga skyddet mot exploatering av utländsk arbetskraft i människohandel och människoexploatering.
Arbetskraftsexploatering har... (More) - Människohandel och människoexploatering beskrivs som de värsta formerna av arbetslivskriminalitet. Människohandel kan bestå i att transportera människor genom tvång, varvid syftet med handeln kan vara tvångsarbete eller att på annat sätt utnyttja arbetskraften hos en person. Människoexploatering angriper själva exploateringen. Människohandel och människoexploatering sker ofta genom att utländsk arbetskraft, ofta tredjelandsmedborgare, utnyttjas av oseriösa arbetsgivare. Syftet med uppsatsen är att påvisa hur migrationsrättsliga regleringar, särskilt regler om arbetstillstånd, kommer i konflikt med det straffrättsliga skyddet mot exploatering av utländsk arbetskraft i människohandel och människoexploatering.
Arbetskraftsexploatering har en stark koppling till arbetskraftsinvandring. Både utländska arbetstagare med ett föreskrivet arbetstillstånd och illegala arbetstagare utnyttjas. Många arbetar under oskäliga arbetsförhållanden, erhåller orimligt låga löner, arbetar längre än vad arbetstidslagen tillåter och tvingas i flera fall betala tillbaka hela eller delar av sin lön till arbetsgivaren i utbyte mot ett arbete och ett arbetstillstånd. Trots att exploatering av utländsk arbetskraft ökar har Sverige ett fortsatt lågt antal fällande domar rörande arbetskraftsexploatering i människohandel och människoexplatering, något som Sverige länge kritiserats för. På det migrationsrättsliga området har arbetskraftsinvandringens regelverk stramats åt genom skärpta villkor för att kunna erhålla ett arbetstillstånd i Sverige. Reformerna har drivits av en uttalad ambition att motverka missbruk av arbetskraftsinvandringens regler och exploatering av utländsk arbetskraft.
Uppsatsens slutsats är att migrationsrättsliga regleringar, särskilt i fråga om arbetstillstånd, kommer i konflikt med ett straffrättsligt skydd mot exploatering av arbetskraft i människohandel och människoexploatering. Migrationsrättsliga regler måste beaktas för att det straffrättsliga skyddet ska uppnå sitt tilltänkta syfte och för att brottsoffer ska kunna åtnjuta det. Många utländska arbetstagare är i en beroendeställning till den arbetsgivare som de blir utnyttjade av. Skärpta villkor som höjda försörjningskrav för arbetskraftsinvandrare kan förstärka denna beroendeställning, där de löper ännu större risk att utnyttjas av oseriösa arbetsgivare. Många utländska arbetstagare blir hotade med utvisning och att bli hemskickade skuldsatta om de motsätter sig arbetsgivarens direktiv. Rädslan för att förlora sitt arbete och utvisas gör att brottsoffer inte vågar larma om behandlingarna. Sådana faktorer gör att brottsligheten i straffrättslig aspekt blir svår att beivra och att brottsoffers möjligheter att åtnjuta det straffrättsliga skyddet begränsas på grund av migrationsrättsliga bestämmelser. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9179864
- author
- Habeb Al Samani, Astar LU
- supervisor
-
- Karol Nowak LU
- organization
- alternative title
- Exploited and Silenced - Human Trafficking, Labor Market Crime, and the Paradoxes of Migration Policy
- course
- JURM02 20242
- year
- 2024
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- Straffrätt, migrationsrätt, arbetslivskriminalitet, människohandel, människoexploatering.
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9179864
- date added to LUP
- 2025-01-15 14:43:19
- date last changed
- 2025-01-15 14:43:19
@misc{9179864,
abstract = {{Human trafficking and labor exploitation are described as the most severe forms of workplace crime. Human trafficking can involve transporting individuals through coercion, with the purpose of such trafficking often being forced labor or otherwise exploiting the workforce of a person. Human exploitation targets the exploitation itself. Human trafficking and human exploitation often occur through the misuse of foreign labor, frequently third-country nationals, by unscrupulous employers. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate how migration law regulations, particularly those concerning work permits, undermine the criminal law protection against labor exploitation in human trafficking and human exploitation.
Labor exploitation has a strong connection to labor immigration. Both foreign workers with prescribed work permits and illegal workers are exploited. They work under unreasonable conditions, receive unreasonably low wages, work longer hours than permitted by labor laws, and, in several cases, are forced to repay part or all of their wages to the employer in exchange for a job and a work permit. Sweden has long been criticized for its low number of convictions in cases of labor exploitation involving human trafficking and human exploitation. In the field of migration law, the rules for labor immigration has been tightened through stricter conditions for obtaining a work permit in Sweden. The underlying motives has been driven by the aim of countering abuse of the labor immigration system and exploitation of foreign workers through human trafficking and human exploitation.
The conclusion of the thesis is that migration law regulations, particularly regarding work permits, undermine an effective criminal law protection against labor exploitation in human trafficking and human exploitation. Migration law rules must be taken into account for the criminal law protections to achieve their intended purpose. In many cases, foreign workers are in a position of dependency on the employer exploiting them. Stricter conditions, such as increased income requirements for labor immigrants, may strengthen this dependency, putting workers at even greater risk of exploitation by unscrupulous employers. Many foreign workers are threatened with deportation and being sent back in debt if they oppose their employer’s. The fear of losing their job and being forced to leave the country leads to victims not daring to report. Such factors make criminal offenses challenging to prosecute and limit the victims' ability to benefit from the criminal law protections due to migration law regulations.}},
author = {{Habeb Al Samani, Astar}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Exploaterade och tystade - Människohandel, arbetslivskriminalitet och migrationspolitikens paradoxer}},
year = {{2024}},
}