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Brott och utvisning - Om det nyligen reviderade 8 a kap. UtlL och hur det förhåller sig till krav på rättssäkerhet

Zedendahl Persson, Vera LU (2024) JURM02 20242
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Det är endast svenska medborgare som innehar en ovillkorlig rätt att vistas i Sverige. Motsatsvis åtnjuter utländska medborgare inte denna rättighet. Om en utlänning begår brott innanför Sveriges gränser kan denne, vid sidan av brottspåföljden, även utvisas ifrån riket kombinerat med ett återreseförbud som varar en viss tid eller livstid. Utvisning är således inte en brottspåföljd i lagens mening, utan betraktas i stället som en annan särskild rättsverkan av brott.

Den 1 augusti 2022 trädde ett reviderat och omstrukturerat 8 a kap. utlänningslagen (2005:716) i kraft. Kapitlet behandlar frågan om utvisning på grund av brott, och de ändringar som genomfördes år 2022 syftade till att skärpa regleringen kring brottsutvisning. Framträdande... (More)
Det är endast svenska medborgare som innehar en ovillkorlig rätt att vistas i Sverige. Motsatsvis åtnjuter utländska medborgare inte denna rättighet. Om en utlänning begår brott innanför Sveriges gränser kan denne, vid sidan av brottspåföljden, även utvisas ifrån riket kombinerat med ett återreseförbud som varar en viss tid eller livstid. Utvisning är således inte en brottspåföljd i lagens mening, utan betraktas i stället som en annan särskild rättsverkan av brott.

Den 1 augusti 2022 trädde ett reviderat och omstrukturerat 8 a kap. utlänningslagen (2005:716) i kraft. Kapitlet behandlar frågan om utvisning på grund av brott, och de ändringar som genomfördes år 2022 syftade till att skärpa regleringen kring brottsutvisning. Framträdande förändringar inklude-rade bland annat en sänkning av straffvärdet som kan föranleda utvisning från ett år till sex månader. Synen på den anknytning som tidigare kunde förhindra en utvisning genomgick betydliga förändringar. Ett nytt begrepp, ’etablering’, infördes och nu är det utlänningens faktiska anknytning till Sverige som ska beaktas och inte den totala vistelsetiden eller med hänsyn till tidpunkten den tilltalade kom till Sverige. Förbudet mot att utvisa personer som anlänt till Sverige före 15 års ålder togs också bort. Även kravet på synnerliga skäl för utvisning när utlänningen vistats i Sverige under en längre tid togs bort, och ersattes av ett kvalificerande krav för utvisning. Fortsättningsvis påverkar inte det men som den utvisade förväntas lida till följ av utvisningen straffmätningen, i stället beaktas utvisningsmenet vid bestämmande av längd på återreseförbudet.

Det första domstolen ska göra i fråga om utvisning är att pröva de allmänna förutsättningarna för utvisning och se om dessa är uppfyllda - att den tilltalade inte är svensk medborgare, döms för ett brott vars påföljd är allvarligare än böter och att det föreligger en risk för fortsatt brottslighet eller att brottsligheten som den tilltalade döms för är allvarlig eller av viss karaktär. Om dessa kriterier är uppfyllda, ska domstolen därefter bedöma eventuella hinder mot utvisning. I denna bedömning ska utlänningens anknytning till Sverige särskilt beaktas.

Uppsatsen har fokuserat på det nyinförda 8 a kap. UtlL, med särskilt ljus riktat mot hur de allmänna förutsättningarna för utvisning på grund av brott, inkluderat bestämmande av återreseförbudets längd, regleras och tillämpas i förhållande till krav på rättssäkerhet. Vidare tar uppsatsen upp de utmaningar som rättstillämparen står inför när de ska förstå och tillämpa lagstiftningen, en rättsprocess som till synes har begränsad vägledning. Genom att analysera domar från Svea hovrätt (inkluderat en dom från Göta hovrätt) och bakomliggande tingsrätters domar, belyser arbetet specifikt hur anknytningsrekvisitet hanteras i praktiken, vid så väl utvisningsfrågan i sig som vid bestämmande av återreseförbudets längd. Det visade sig svårt att konkretisera vilken typ av anknytning, och vilka tillhörande omständigheter, som bör anses som rättsligt relevanta vid beslut om utvisning. Detta ledde till konklusionen att anknytningsbedömningen riskerar att urholkas. Sammantaget har uppsatsen syftat till att skildra hur förutsebar och enhetlig lagstiftningen och dess tillämpning är. Slutsatsen är att brottsutvisning inte erbjuder ett tillräckligt mått av rättssäkerhet. (Less)
Abstract
Only Swedish citizens have an unconditional right to reside in Sweden. Conversely, foreign nationals do not enjoy this right. If a foreigner commits a crime within the borders of Sweden, they may, in addition to the criminal penalty, also be deported from the country, combined with a re-entry ban lasting a certain period of time or a lifetime. Deportation is thus not considered a criminal penalty in the legal sense, but rather as a separate special legal effect of crime.

On August 1st, 2022, a revised and restructured Chapter 8a of the Aliens Act (2005:716) came into force. The chapter addresses the issue of deportation due to crime, and the amendments aimed to tighten the regulations surrounding deportation due to criminality. Notable... (More)
Only Swedish citizens have an unconditional right to reside in Sweden. Conversely, foreign nationals do not enjoy this right. If a foreigner commits a crime within the borders of Sweden, they may, in addition to the criminal penalty, also be deported from the country, combined with a re-entry ban lasting a certain period of time or a lifetime. Deportation is thus not considered a criminal penalty in the legal sense, but rather as a separate special legal effect of crime.

On August 1st, 2022, a revised and restructured Chapter 8a of the Aliens Act (2005:716) came into force. The chapter addresses the issue of deportation due to crime, and the amendments aimed to tighten the regulations surrounding deportation due to criminality. Notable changes included lowering the threshold of the penalty value that could lead to deportation from one year to six months. The perspective on the connections that could previously prevent deportation also underwent significant changes. A new concept, 'establishment', was introduced, and now the foreigners actual connection to Sweden is considered, not the total duration of stay or with respect to the time the accused arrived in Sweden. The prohibition against deporting individuals who arrived in Sweden before the age of 15 was also removed. Additionally, the requirement for special reasons for deportation when the foreigner has resided in Sweden for a longer period of time was removed and replaced by a qualifying requirement. Henceforth, the detriment that the deported is expected to suffer as a result of the deportation no longer affects the sentencing. Instead, the detriment of deportation is considered when determining the length of the re-entry ban.

The first thing a court must do in the question of deportation is to assess the basic conditions for deportation and see if they are met—that the accused is not a Swedish citizen, is convicted of a more serious crime than fines, and that there is a risk of continued criminality or that the criminality for which the accused is convicted of is serious or of a certain nature. If these criteria are met, the court must then assess any impediments to deportation. In this assessment, the foreigners connection to Sweden should be particularly considered.

The thesis has focused on the newly introduced Chapter 8 a of the Aliens Act, specifically shedding light on how the general conditions for deportation due to criminal offenses, including the determination of the length of re-entry bans, are regulated and applied in relation to the requirements of legal security. Furthermore, the thesis addresses the challenges faced by legal practitioners when trying to understand and apply the legislation, a legal process that seemingly has limited guidance. By analyzing judgments from the Svea Court of Appeal (including one judgment from the Göta Court of Appeal) and underlying district court judgments, the work specifically highlights how the connection requirement is handled in practice, both in terms of the deportation question itself and in determining the length of the re-entry ban. It proved difficult to concretize what type of connection, and which associated circumstances, should be considered legally relevant in decisions on deportation. This led to the conclusion that the assessment of connection is at risk of being undermined. Overall, the thesis has aimed to depict how predictable and uniform the legislation and its application are. The conclusion is that the framework around deportation due to criminality does not provide adequate measure of legal security. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Zedendahl Persson, Vera LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Crime and Deportation - The recently revised Chapter 8 a of the Aliens Act and its compliance with the requirements for legal certainty
course
JURM02 20242
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Rättsvetenskap, migrationsrätt, straffrätt, straff, utvisning
language
Swedish
id
9180054
date added to LUP
2025-01-20 13:36:20
date last changed
2025-01-20 13:36:20
@misc{9180054,
  abstract     = {{Only Swedish citizens have an unconditional right to reside in Sweden. Conversely, foreign nationals do not enjoy this right. If a foreigner commits a crime within the borders of Sweden, they may, in addition to the criminal penalty, also be deported from the country, combined with a re-entry ban lasting a certain period of time or a lifetime. Deportation is thus not considered a criminal penalty in the legal sense, but rather as a separate special legal effect of crime. 

On August 1st, 2022, a revised and restructured Chapter 8a of the Aliens Act (2005:716) came into force. The chapter addresses the issue of deportation due to crime, and the amendments aimed to tighten the regulations surrounding deportation due to criminality. Notable changes included lowering the threshold of the penalty value that could lead to deportation from one year to six months. The perspective on the connections that could previously prevent deportation also underwent significant changes. A new concept, 'establishment', was introduced, and now the foreigners actual connection to Sweden is considered, not the total duration of stay or with respect to the time the accused arrived in Sweden. The prohibition against deporting individuals who arrived in Sweden before the age of 15 was also removed. Additionally, the requirement for special reasons for deportation when the foreigner has resided in Sweden for a longer period of time was removed and replaced by a qualifying requirement. Henceforth, the detriment that the deported is expected to suffer as a result of the deportation no longer affects the sentencing. Instead, the detriment of deportation is considered when determining the length of the re-entry ban.

The first thing a court must do in the question of deportation is to assess the basic conditions for deportation and see if they are met—that the accused is not a Swedish citizen, is convicted of a more serious crime than fines, and that there is a risk of continued criminality or that the criminality for which the accused is convicted of is serious or of a certain nature. If these criteria are met, the court must then assess any impediments to deportation. In this assessment, the foreigners connection to Sweden should be particularly considered.

The thesis has focused on the newly introduced Chapter 8 a of the Aliens Act, specifically shedding light on how the general conditions for deportation due to criminal offenses, including the determination of the length of re-entry bans, are regulated and applied in relation to the requirements of legal security. Furthermore, the thesis addresses the challenges faced by legal practitioners when trying to understand and apply the legislation, a legal process that seemingly has limited guidance. By analyzing judgments from the Svea Court of Appeal (including one judgment from the Göta Court of Appeal) and underlying district court judgments, the work specifically highlights how the connection requirement is handled in practice, both in terms of the deportation question itself and in determining the length of the re-entry ban. It proved difficult to concretize what type of connection, and which associated circumstances, should be considered legally relevant in decisions on deportation. This led to the conclusion that the assessment of connection is at risk of being undermined. Overall, the thesis has aimed to depict how predictable and uniform the legislation and its application are. The conclusion is that the framework around deportation due to criminality does not provide adequate measure of legal security.}},
  author       = {{Zedendahl Persson, Vera}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Brott och utvisning - Om det nyligen reviderade 8 a kap. UtlL och hur det förhåller sig till krav på rättssäkerhet}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}