Farlig verksamhet enligt LSO
(2025) VBRM01 20242Division of Fire Safety Engineering
- Abstract
- This report investigates how Swedish fire and rescue services fulfil their responsibility of surveying
hazardous establishments comprised by the Swedish Act (2003:778) on protection against accidents.
The research was conducted thru interviews with ten representatives from ten different fire and rescue
services. The focus of the interviews was to gain understanding in how they work with the law and
what they deem as good quality regarding the risk analysis which the establishment is obligated to
present. The results are presented and discussed in seven different sub-categories leading up to the
conclusions which can be made based on the results. The findings of the report show that there is
difference in how fire and rescue services... (More) - This report investigates how Swedish fire and rescue services fulfil their responsibility of surveying
hazardous establishments comprised by the Swedish Act (2003:778) on protection against accidents.
The research was conducted thru interviews with ten representatives from ten different fire and rescue
services. The focus of the interviews was to gain understanding in how they work with the law and
what they deem as good quality regarding the risk analysis which the establishment is obligated to
present. The results are presented and discussed in seven different sub-categories leading up to the
conclusions which can be made based on the results. The findings of the report show that there is
difference in how fire and rescue services fulfil their surveying of the law. A variety of interpretation
leads to various assessment on what is to be considered as a design scenario, a severe injury on
humans and the environment as well as what parts of an establishment shall be included in the risk
analysis. In addition to the conclusions, a few topics are presented for further research which are
deemed to lead to a deeper understanding for how quality can be assured regarding fire and rescue
services work concerning the Swedish Act (2003:778) on protection against accidents. (Less) - Popular Abstract
- To prevent that industrial risks expose human and nature to unproportionally great risks, Sweden has
put legislative measures in place. There are several laws which aims to prevent or limit the extent of an
accident caused by industrial risks. One of these are the Swedish Act (2003:778) on protection against
accidents. The law purely aims to limit the extent of an accident which has already occurred and will
therefore only regulate efforts which will reduce the consequences of an accident.
To ensure that the efforts will not be too great of a burden for a third party, legislative measure are
forced upon the establishment who caused the risk. They are obligated to a reasonable extent put
efforts in place to mitigate the consequences... (More) - To prevent that industrial risks expose human and nature to unproportionally great risks, Sweden has
put legislative measures in place. There are several laws which aims to prevent or limit the extent of an
accident caused by industrial risks. One of these are the Swedish Act (2003:778) on protection against
accidents. The law purely aims to limit the extent of an accident which has already occurred and will
therefore only regulate efforts which will reduce the consequences of an accident.
To ensure that the efforts will not be too great of a burden for a third party, legislative measure are
forced upon the establishment who caused the risk. They are obligated to a reasonable extent put
efforts in place to mitigate the consequences of an accident. To determine what reasonable extent is,
the establishment are obligated to present a risk analysis which presents the risk which can lead to a
severe injury on humans or the environment. In cooperation with the local fire and rescue services
shall the establishment determine which efforts in a reasonable extent complements the local fire and
rescue services. It is also the responsibility of the fire and rescue services to survey that the
establishments fulfil the obligations stated upon them in the law.
The aim of this thesis has been to identify how the local fire and rescue service fulfil their
responsibilities of surveying the establishments comprised by the law. How do they ensure that the
quality of the establishments work regarding the law and how do they evaluate what is reasonable
efforts. Thru interviews with the fire and rescue services which are responsible of surveying
establishments comprised by the law, the thesis also aims to identify existing differences between
different fire and rescue services work with the law.
The result from the interviews shows that there are differences in how fire and rescue services work
regarding their surveying responsibility concerning the law. Some fire and rescue services want to see
all scenarios which can lead to a severe injury on humans or the environment to be included in the
establishments risk analysis. There are also different meaning regarding if the whole site shall be
included in the analysis or just the parts witch has contributed to the establishment being comprised by
the 2 chapter 4 § LSO. If the whole site was to be included, combined with all scenarios which can
lead to severe injury on humans and the environment this can lead to a great mass of scenarios being
seen as design scenarios.
Another challenge which was noticed was that there were no specified numerical limits of what was
deemed as severe injury on humans and the environment. Instead, it is up to each establishment to
determine, and in a later surveying phase to the fire and rescue services to determine if the
establishment has made appropriate assumptions. This can lead to great variations in what is seen as a
severe injury on humans or the environment. No fire and rescue service has presented any values
which they consider a severe injury on humans or the environment.
Some fire and rescue services states that they want the efforts to be included in the establishments risk
analysis. It may seem natural that after the risk being evaluated, that the effectiveness of the efforts
being put into place shall show how much they reduce the risks. Nor in the interviews or in the study
which was conducted before the interviews has it been presented how efforts related personnel can be
quantified and adapted in the risk analysis. Therefore, it seems reasonable that the opportunity of joint
consultation in cooperation with the local fire and rescue services shall be considered. It also seems to
be in accordance with the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency prescriptions regarding the law.
At last conclusion can be made that the Act (2003:778) on protection against accidents is a broad
subject with relatively little research and guidance. Therefore some subjects are presented which can
be studied more closely. (Less) - Popular Abstract (Swedish)
- För att industriella risker inte ska utgöra en för stor risk för människa och miljö har Sverige lagstiftat
emot detta. Det finns flertalet lagstiftningar som syftar till att begränsa eller förhindra en olycka med
industriella risker. En av dessa är 2 kap 4 § lag (2003:778) om skydd mot olyckor (LSO). 2 kap. 4 §
LSO är en rent skadebegränsande lagstiftning. Det vill säga att den endast syftar till att begränsa
konsekvenserna när en olycka har inträffat och reglerar därmed beredskap och övriga åtgärder som
syftar till att begränsa konsekvenser.
För att beredskapen och de övriga åtgärderna inte ska belasta tredje man i orimligt stor utsträckning
åläggs verksamheten som orsakar risken att i skälig omfattning hålla eller bekosta... (More) - För att industriella risker inte ska utgöra en för stor risk för människa och miljö har Sverige lagstiftat
emot detta. Det finns flertalet lagstiftningar som syftar till att begränsa eller förhindra en olycka med
industriella risker. En av dessa är 2 kap 4 § lag (2003:778) om skydd mot olyckor (LSO). 2 kap. 4 §
LSO är en rent skadebegränsande lagstiftning. Det vill säga att den endast syftar till att begränsa
konsekvenserna när en olycka har inträffat och reglerar därmed beredskap och övriga åtgärder som
syftar till att begränsa konsekvenser.
För att beredskapen och de övriga åtgärderna inte ska belasta tredje man i orimligt stor utsträckning
åläggs verksamheten som orsakar risken att i skälig omfattning hålla eller bekosta beredskap och
övriga åtgärder. För att avgöra vad som är en skälig omfattning är verksamheterna skyldiga att ta fram
en analys av risker som presenterar de risker som kan leda till allvarlig skada på människa och miljö. I
samråd med den kommunala räddningstjänsten ska sedan verksamheten avgöra vad som anses som
skälig beredskap och övriga åtgärder som kompletterar den kommunala räddningstjänstens beredskap.
Det är även kommunen, ofta genom räddningstjänsten som har tillsynsansvar för att verksamheterna
uppfyller de krav som ställs på dem genom 2 kap. 4 § LSO.
Detta arbetes syfte har varit att identifiera hur räddningstjänster arbetar för att uppfylla deras
tillsynsansvar för verksamheter som omfattas av 2 kap. 4 § LSO. Hur de säkerställer kvaliteten av
verksamheternas arbete med lagstiftningen och hur de gör bedömningen om vad som anses som en
skälig beredskap. Genom intervjustudier med räddningstjänster som har tillsynsansvar enligt 2 kap. 4
§ LSO syftar även arbetet till att skapa förståelse för skillnader som råder mellan räddningstjänster i
Sverige.
Resultatet från intervjustudierna visar på att det råder skillnader i hur räddningstjänster arbetar med sitt
tillsynsansvar av 2 kap. 4 § LSO. Det framgår bland annat att räddningstjänster vill se att alla scenarier
som kan leda till allvarlig skada på människa och miljö inkluderas i verksamheternas riskanalyser.
Däremot finns det otydligheter om huruvida hela anläggningen ska inkluderas i riskanalysen eller
endast de delar som medfört att verksamheten omfattas av lagstiftningen. Om hela anläggningen och
alla scenarier som kan leda till en allvarlig skada på människa och miljö ska inkluderas i analysen, kan
det innebära att väldigt många scenarier kan bli dimensionerande.
En annan utmaning som uppmärksammades var att det inte finns några specificerade gränsvärden för
vad som anses som allvarlig skada på människa och miljö. I stället lämnas det avgörandet i första hand
till verksamheten att avgöra, för att räddningstjänsten senare vid en tillsynsprocess får avgöra om
verksamheten har valt rätt gränsvärden. Detta skulle kunna leda till ganska stora skillnader i vad som
anses som en allvarlig skada på människa och miljö. Ingen räddningstjänst har heller kunnat uppge
vad de anser är en allvarlig skada på människa och miljö.
Vissa räddningstjänster uppger att de vill att skadebegränsandeåtgärder ska vara en del av
verksamheternas riskanalys. Det förefaller naturligt att efter risker värderats så ska nyttan av
eventuella åtgärder vägas in för att se vilken effekt de medför. Däremot har det inte framkommit
varken i intervjuerna eller i litteraturstudien som föregick intervjuerna, vad som utgör ett representativt
sätt att kvantifiera beredskap och övriga åtgärder, främst då kopplat till personberedskap. I stället bör
möjligheten att föra mer kvalitativa samråd mellan räddningstjänsten och verksamheten övervägas.
Det anses också ligga i linje med Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskaps allmänna råd om
skyldigheter vid farlig verksamhet(MSBFS 2014:2).
Avslutningsvis konstateras att 2 kap 4 § LSO är ett brett område med relativt lite forskning och
vägledande dokument och ett antal punkter presenteras som skulle kunna undersökas närmare. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9183073
- author
- Aronsson, Lucas LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- En intervjustudie om räddningstjänsters arbete med farlig verksamhet enligt lag (2003:778) om skydd mot olyckor
- course
- VBRM01 20242
- year
- 2025
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- lag (2003:778) om skydd mot olyckor, 2 kap. 4 § LSO, 2:4, 2:4 anläggningar, farlig verksamhet, tillsyn, industriella risker, räddningstjänst, Act (2003:778) on protection against accidents, dangerous establishments, industrial risks, fire and rescue services
- report number
- 5730
- other publication id
- LUTVDG/TVBB--5730--SE
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9183073
- date added to LUP
- 2025-01-29 12:06:56
- date last changed
- 2025-01-29 12:06:56
@misc{9183073, abstract = {{This report investigates how Swedish fire and rescue services fulfil their responsibility of surveying hazardous establishments comprised by the Swedish Act (2003:778) on protection against accidents. The research was conducted thru interviews with ten representatives from ten different fire and rescue services. The focus of the interviews was to gain understanding in how they work with the law and what they deem as good quality regarding the risk analysis which the establishment is obligated to present. The results are presented and discussed in seven different sub-categories leading up to the conclusions which can be made based on the results. The findings of the report show that there is difference in how fire and rescue services fulfil their surveying of the law. A variety of interpretation leads to various assessment on what is to be considered as a design scenario, a severe injury on humans and the environment as well as what parts of an establishment shall be included in the risk analysis. In addition to the conclusions, a few topics are presented for further research which are deemed to lead to a deeper understanding for how quality can be assured regarding fire and rescue services work concerning the Swedish Act (2003:778) on protection against accidents.}}, author = {{Aronsson, Lucas}}, language = {{swe}}, note = {{Student Paper}}, title = {{Farlig verksamhet enligt LSO}}, year = {{2025}}, }