Skip to main content

LUP Student Papers

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Europe Calling – Limited Time Only. En undersökning av eCall-systemet enligt konsumentköplagen

Smedberg, Beda LU (2024) JURM02 20242
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
This thesis investigates the liability of traders for defects in the eCall system due to the phasing out of 2G and 3G networks within a Swedish legal context. The research explores consumers' expectations regarding vehicles equipped with digital elements and whether these expectations align with their legal rights under the Swedish Consumer Sales Act (Konsumentköplagen (2022:260)), the Directive on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods and the Directive (EU) 2019/770 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services. It also considers the impact of whether the vehicle is new or used.

To fulfil the objective, the study examines the period for which traders should be held... (More)
This thesis investigates the liability of traders for defects in the eCall system due to the phasing out of 2G and 3G networks within a Swedish legal context. The research explores consumers' expectations regarding vehicles equipped with digital elements and whether these expectations align with their legal rights under the Swedish Consumer Sales Act (Konsumentköplagen (2022:260)), the Directive on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods and the Directive (EU) 2019/770 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services. It also considers the impact of whether the vehicle is new or used.

To fulfil the objective, the study examines the period for which traders should be held responsible for the functionality of the eCall system and to which extent the interests of traders and consumers are balanced in terms of demands on durability and the obligation to provide updates.

The thesis employs a legal-dogmatic method to describe the applicable law by interpreting legislation, case law, preparatory works, and legal doctrine. The primary focus is on Swedish consumer purchases, which are analysed within the broader EU legal framework through the Consumer Sales Act’s implementation of the two fully harmonised EU directives.

The eCall system, an emergency call feature installed in vehicles, is regulated by EU law and has been mandatory for vehicles to receive a type-approval and be released to the EU market since 31 March 2018. The system requirements a connection via 2G/3G networks to function. These networks are currently being phased out and are expected to be fully decommissioned by year 2027.

To assess the possibility for consumers to claim defects in the eCall system, the thesis examines whether the trader is responsible for such defects. The study concludes that the eCall system, and vehicles equipped with it, fall under the rules for goods with digital elements as outlined in the Swedish Consumer Sales Act. Vehicles with eCall systems are considered single acts of supply of digital services for goods with digital elements.

If the eCall system ceases to function due to the shutdown of 2G/3G networks, this is classified as a defect under the Consumer Sales Act, even if the system fails after the risk has transferred to the consumer. This defect is considered as inherent, and the trader's liability for the malfunctioning of the eCall system extends up to three years from the date the vehicle was delivered to the consumer.

The thesis further explains consumers’ reasonable expectations regarding the durability of vehicles and the eCall system, the obligation to provide updates, and the legal treatment of used vehicles. The durability of the eCall system should be assessed based on the criteria in Recital 32 of the Directive on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods.

Consumers can reasonably expect that traders will be responsible for providing updates to the eCall system for at least three years. However, the extent of this obligation has not yet been clarified in case law. The parties can also agree to a shorter liability period or stipulate that no updates will be provided at all.

In assessing whether a used vehicle deviates from what was agreed upon, factors such as the vehicle’s price, age, mileage, the extent to which the defect constitutes normal wear and tear, and other circumstances must be considered. The consumer’s ability to claim that the eCall system has stopped functioning in a used vehicle may be limited depending on the terms of the purchase agreement and any accompanying product declaration.

The balance between the interests of traders and consumers in a consumer rights context was considered in the enactment of the Swedish Consumer Sales Act.
The trader's liability period for defects in considered single acts of supply of digital content or digital services for goods with digital elements is well-balanced in relation to the consumer's need for protection.

However, the trader’s liability for providing updates for such single instances may place the trader in a stronger position than the consumer. To maintain adequate consumer protection, consumers must be made aware of the consequences of limiting the trader’s obligation to provide updates. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Arbetet syftar till att undersöka näringsidkares ansvar för fel i eCall-system till följd av nedstängningen av 2G- och 3G-näten utifrån en svensk kontext. Arbetet utforskar konsumenters förväntningar på fordon med digitala delar och hur förväntningarna överensstämmer med deras lagliga rättigheter enligt konsumentköplagen (2022:260), varudirektivet och digitaldirektivet. Även inverkan av om fordonet är nytt eller begagnat studeras.

För att uppfylla syftet undersöks vilken tidsperiod näringsidkare bör ansvara för eCall-systems funktioner samt i vilken utsträckning näringsidkarnas och konsumenternas intressen balanseras rörande kraven på varaktighet och uppdateringsskyldighet.

Arbetet använder rättsdogmatisk metod för att kartlägga... (More)
Arbetet syftar till att undersöka näringsidkares ansvar för fel i eCall-system till följd av nedstängningen av 2G- och 3G-näten utifrån en svensk kontext. Arbetet utforskar konsumenters förväntningar på fordon med digitala delar och hur förväntningarna överensstämmer med deras lagliga rättigheter enligt konsumentköplagen (2022:260), varudirektivet och digitaldirektivet. Även inverkan av om fordonet är nytt eller begagnat studeras.

För att uppfylla syftet undersöks vilken tidsperiod näringsidkare bör ansvara för eCall-systems funktioner samt i vilken utsträckning näringsidkarnas och konsumenternas intressen balanseras rörande kraven på varaktighet och uppdateringsskyldighet.

Arbetet använder rättsdogmatisk metod för att kartlägga gällande rätt genom tolkningar av lagstiftning, rättspraxis, förarbeten och juridisk doktrin. Utgångspunkten för arbetet är svenska konsumentköp vilka sätts in i en EU-rättslig kontext genom konsumentköplagens implementering av de två fullharmoniserande direktiven.

eCall-systemet, ett nödanropssystem som installeras i fordon, regleras av unionslagstiftning och är sedan 31 mars 2018 obligatoriskt för att ett fordon ska typgodkännas och släppas ut på unionsmarknaden. eCall-systemet kräver uppkoppling till 2G-/3G-näten för att fungera. 2G-/3G-näten har dock börjat stängas ner och ska slutligen vara nedstängda år 2027.

För att bedöma konsumenters möjligheter att göra gällande fel i eCall-systemet måste frågan om näringsidkaren är ansvarig för felet avgöras. Av utredningen framkommer att eCall-system samt fordon utrustade med eCall-system omfattas av reglerna om varor med digitala delar i konsumentköplagen. Fordon utrustade med eCall-system betraktas som ett eller flera enstaka tillhandahållanden av en digital tjänst i en vara med digitala delar.

Att eCall-systemet slutar att fungera vid nedstängningen av 2G-/3G-näten ses som ett fel enligt konsumentköplagen, även om systemet förlorar sina funktioner efter riskövergången. Felet ses som ursprungligt. Näringsidkarens ansvar för att eCall-systemet förlorar sina funktioner sträcker sig upp till tre år från det att fordonet avlämnats till konsumenten.

Arbetet redogör för konsumentens befogade förväntningar rörande fordons och eCall-systemets varaktighet, uppdateringsskyldighet och begagnade fordon. eCall-systemets varaktighet bör bedömas med utgångspunkt i kriterierna uppställda i skäl 32 i varudirektivet.

Konsumenten har fog att förvänta sig att näringsidkarens ansvarsperiod för att konsumenten tillhandahålls uppdateringar till eCall-systemet är minst tre år. Omfattningen av näringsidkarens uppdateringsskyldighet är dock inte ännu klargjord i praxis. Parterna kan även avtala om en kortare ansvarsperiod eller att fordonet inte ska tillhandahållas några uppdateringar över huvud taget.

För bedömning av om ett begagnat fordon avviker från vad som är avtalat ska fordonets pris, ålder, körsträcka, i vilken utsträckning felet är normalt slitage och andra omständigheter beaktas. Konsumentens möjligheter att klaga på att eCall-systemet slutar att fungera i ett begagnat fordon kan begränsas med anledning av hur fordonet beskrivs i köpeavtalet och eventuell medföljande varudeklaration.

Balansen mellan näringsidkarnas och konsumenternas intressen utifrån en konsumenträttslig kontext har beaktats vid införandet av KKL.

Näringsidkarens ansvarsperiod för fel i enstaka tillhandahållanden av ett digitalt innehåll eller en digital tjänst i en vara med digitala delar är välavvägd i förhållande till konsumentens skyddsbehov.

Näringsidkarens ansvarsperiod för uppdateringsskyldighet för enstaka tillhandahållanden av ett digitalt innehåll eller en digital tjänst i en vara med digitala delar har potential att försätta näringsidkaren i en starkare position än konsumenten. För att upprätthålla ett gott konsumentskydd krävs att konsumenten får insikt om konsekvenserna av att inskränka uppdateringsskyldigheten. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Smedberg, Beda LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Europe Calling – Limited Time Only. An analysis of the eCall system in accordance with the Swedish Consumer Sales Act
course
JURM02 20242
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
avtalsrätt, EU-rätt, konsumenträtt, eCall, varudirektivet, vara med digitala delar, uppdateringsskyldighet, begagnad, fordon, typgodkännande
language
Swedish
id
9184941
date added to LUP
2025-06-09 16:06:43
date last changed
2025-06-09 16:06:43
@misc{9184941,
  abstract     = {{This thesis investigates the liability of traders for defects in the eCall system due to the phasing out of 2G and 3G networks within a Swedish legal context. The research explores consumers' expectations regarding vehicles equipped with digital elements and whether these expectations align with their legal rights under the Swedish Consumer Sales Act (Konsumentköplagen (2022:260)), the Directive on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods and the Directive (EU) 2019/770 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services. It also considers the impact of whether the vehicle is new or used.

To fulfil the objective, the study examines the period for which traders should be held responsible for the functionality of the eCall system and to which extent the interests of traders and consumers are balanced in terms of demands on durability and the obligation to provide updates.

The thesis employs a legal-dogmatic method to describe the applicable law by interpreting legislation, case law, preparatory works, and legal doctrine. The primary focus is on Swedish consumer purchases, which are analysed within the broader EU legal framework through the Consumer Sales Act’s implementation of the two fully harmonised EU directives.

The eCall system, an emergency call feature installed in vehicles, is regulated by EU law and has been mandatory for vehicles to receive a type-approval and be released to the EU market since 31 March 2018. The system requirements a connection via 2G/3G networks to function. These networks are currently being phased out and are expected to be fully decommissioned by year 2027.

To assess the possibility for consumers to claim defects in the eCall system, the thesis examines whether the trader is responsible for such defects. The study concludes that the eCall system, and vehicles equipped with it, fall under the rules for goods with digital elements as outlined in the Swedish Consumer Sales Act. Vehicles with eCall systems are considered single acts of supply of digital services for goods with digital elements.

If the eCall system ceases to function due to the shutdown of 2G/3G networks, this is classified as a defect under the Consumer Sales Act, even if the system fails after the risk has transferred to the consumer. This defect is considered as inherent, and the trader's liability for the malfunctioning of the eCall system extends up to three years from the date the vehicle was delivered to the consumer.

The thesis further explains consumers’ reasonable expectations regarding the durability of vehicles and the eCall system, the obligation to provide updates, and the legal treatment of used vehicles. The durability of the eCall system should be assessed based on the criteria in Recital 32 of the Directive on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods.

Consumers can reasonably expect that traders will be responsible for providing updates to the eCall system for at least three years. However, the extent of this obligation has not yet been clarified in case law. The parties can also agree to a shorter liability period or stipulate that no updates will be provided at all.

In assessing whether a used vehicle deviates from what was agreed upon, factors such as the vehicle’s price, age, mileage, the extent to which the defect constitutes normal wear and tear, and other circumstances must be considered. The consumer’s ability to claim that the eCall system has stopped functioning in a used vehicle may be limited depending on the terms of the purchase agreement and any accompanying product declaration.

The balance between the interests of traders and consumers in a consumer rights context was considered in the enactment of the Swedish Consumer Sales Act.
The trader's liability period for defects in considered single acts of supply of digital content or digital services for goods with digital elements is well-balanced in relation to the consumer's need for protection.

However, the trader’s liability for providing updates for such single instances may place the trader in a stronger position than the consumer. To maintain adequate consumer protection, consumers must be made aware of the consequences of limiting the trader’s obligation to provide updates.}},
  author       = {{Smedberg, Beda}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Europe Calling – Limited Time Only. En undersökning av eCall-systemet enligt konsumentköplagen}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}