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Det isolerade barnet - En kritisk granskning av avskiljningsbeslut vid SiS särskilda ungdomshem i förhållande till barn och ungas fri- och rättigheter

Zamani, Melihssa LU (2024) JURM02 20242
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Denna uppsats har undersökt rättssäkerhetsaspekterna vid separation av barn och unga i Statens institutionsstyrelses (SiS) särskilda ungdomshem, med särskilt fokus på personalens utbildningsnivå samt tillsynens effektivitet. Genom en rättsdogmatisk analys har det konstaterats att separation utgör en ingripande tvångsåtgärd med betydande konsekvenser för den unges fri- och rättigheter.

Trots att lagstiftningen innehåller bestämmelser som syftar till att säkerställa rättssäkerhet och proportionalitet i beslut om separation, visar analysen i uppsatsen att tillämpningen präglas av såväl rättsliga som praktiska utmaningar.

En central slutsats är att personalens utbildning har direkt inverkan på rättssäkerheten. Forskning och utvärderingar... (More)
Denna uppsats har undersökt rättssäkerhetsaspekterna vid separation av barn och unga i Statens institutionsstyrelses (SiS) särskilda ungdomshem, med särskilt fokus på personalens utbildningsnivå samt tillsynens effektivitet. Genom en rättsdogmatisk analys har det konstaterats att separation utgör en ingripande tvångsåtgärd med betydande konsekvenser för den unges fri- och rättigheter.

Trots att lagstiftningen innehåller bestämmelser som syftar till att säkerställa rättssäkerhet och proportionalitet i beslut om separation, visar analysen i uppsatsen att tillämpningen präglas av såväl rättsliga som praktiska utmaningar.

En central slutsats är att personalens utbildning har direkt inverkan på rättssäkerheten. Forskning och utvärderingar visar att många anställda saknar tillräcklig grundläggande kunskap om juridiska principer och barns rättigheter, vilket i praktiken leder till en varierande rättstillämpning och rättsosäkerhet. Studier indikerar att även när internutbildning erbjuds, är dess effektivitet begränsad om det saknas en stabil utbildningsmässig grund att bygga vidare på. Detta innebär att barn riskerar att utsättas för godtyckliga eller oproportionerliga åtgärder, något som strider mot både nationell lagstiftning och internationella konventioner såsom Barnkonventionen och Europakonventionen.

Vidare konstateras att de tillsynsorgan som har till uppgift att värna rättssäkerheten – främst Justitieombudsmannen (JO) och Inspektionen för vård och omsorg (IVO) – återkommande har identifierat brister i SiS verksamhet. Trots skärpta regelverk och upprepad kritik har bristerna i personalens kompetens och rättssäkerheten vid separationer kvarstått över tid. En särskild utmaning är att tillsynen ofta sker i efterhand och saknar effektiva sanktionsmöjligheter, vilket medför att upprepade rättighetskränkningar sällan leder till reella förbättringar i praktiken.

Sammanfattningsvis visar uppsatsen att det föreligger en tydlig diskrepans mellan teori och praktik i lagstiftningen på området. Även om de juridiska kraven på proportionalitet och rättssäkerhet är tydligt definierade, brister det i deras praktiska genomförande. För att säkerställa att barns rättigheter respekteras vid separation krävs strukturella reformer, högre utbildningskrav för personal samt en mer effektiv och proaktiv tillsynsmekanism. Så länge dessa faktorer brister riskerar separation att användas på ett sätt som inte fullt ut respekterar barnets bästa eller rättsstatens grundläggande principer. (Less)
Abstract
This paper has examined the legal certainty aspects of the separation of
children and young people in SiS special youth homes, with a particular
focus on the level of education of the staff and the effectiveness of
supervision. Through a legal dogmatic analysis, it has been established that
separation constitutes an intrusive coercive measure that has significant
consequences for the young person's freedoms and rights. Although the
legislation contains provisions to ensure legal certainty and proportionality
in decisions on separation, the paper's analysis shows that the application is
characterized by legal and practical challenges.
A central conclusion is that the training of staff has a direct impact on legal
certainty.... (More)
This paper has examined the legal certainty aspects of the separation of
children and young people in SiS special youth homes, with a particular
focus on the level of education of the staff and the effectiveness of
supervision. Through a legal dogmatic analysis, it has been established that
separation constitutes an intrusive coercive measure that has significant
consequences for the young person's freedoms and rights. Although the
legislation contains provisions to ensure legal certainty and proportionality
in decisions on separation, the paper's analysis shows that the application is
characterized by legal and practical challenges.
A central conclusion is that the training of staff has a direct impact on legal
certainty. Research and evaluations show that many employees lack
sufficient basic knowledge of legal principles and children's rights, which in
practice leads to varying application of the law and legal uncertainty.
Studies indicate that even when staff are offered internal training, its
effectiveness is limited if there is no stable edjucational competence to build
on. This means that the children are at risk of being subjected to arbitrary or
disproportionate measures, something that is contrary to both national
legislation and international conventions such as the Convention on the
Rights of the Child and the European Convention.
Furthermore, it is noted that the supervisory bodies tasked with ensuring
legal certainty – primarily the Swedish Ombudsman (JO) and the Swedish
Health and Care Inspectorate (IVO), who have identified recurring
shortcomings in SiS’s operations. Despite stricter rules and repeated
criticism, the shortcomings in the competence of the staff and the legal
certainty of the separation have persisted over time. A particular challenge
is that supervision is often carried out retrospectively and lacks effective
sanctioning options, which means that recurring violations of rights rarely
lead to real improvements in practice. In summary, the paper shows that the
legislation in this area shows a clear deviation between theory and practice.
While the legal requirements for proportionality and legal certainty are well
5
defined, the implementation of these requirements in practice is deficient.
Ensuring that children's rights are respected in separation requires structural
reforms, higher training requirements for staff, and a more effective and
proactive oversight mechanism. As long as these factors are insufficient,
separation risks being used in a way that does not fully respect the best
interests of the child or the fundamental principles of legality. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Zamani, Melihssa LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The isolated child – A critical examination of separation decisions at SiS special youth homes in relation to the human rights of children and youths
course
JURM02 20242
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
offentlig rätt, barnrätt, SiS, LVU, LSU
language
Swedish
id
9186313
date added to LUP
2025-05-13 15:08:28
date last changed
2025-05-13 15:08:28
@misc{9186313,
  abstract     = {{This paper has examined the legal certainty aspects of the separation of
children and young people in SiS special youth homes, with a particular
focus on the level of education of the staff and the effectiveness of
supervision. Through a legal dogmatic analysis, it has been established that
separation constitutes an intrusive coercive measure that has significant
consequences for the young person's freedoms and rights. Although the
legislation contains provisions to ensure legal certainty and proportionality
in decisions on separation, the paper's analysis shows that the application is
characterized by legal and practical challenges.
A central conclusion is that the training of staff has a direct impact on legal
certainty. Research and evaluations show that many employees lack
sufficient basic knowledge of legal principles and children's rights, which in
practice leads to varying application of the law and legal uncertainty.
Studies indicate that even when staff are offered internal training, its
effectiveness is limited if there is no stable edjucational competence to build
on. This means that the children are at risk of being subjected to arbitrary or
disproportionate measures, something that is contrary to both national
legislation and international conventions such as the Convention on the
Rights of the Child and the European Convention.
Furthermore, it is noted that the supervisory bodies tasked with ensuring
legal certainty – primarily the Swedish Ombudsman (JO) and the Swedish
Health and Care Inspectorate (IVO), who have identified recurring
shortcomings in SiS’s operations. Despite stricter rules and repeated
criticism, the shortcomings in the competence of the staff and the legal
certainty of the separation have persisted over time. A particular challenge
is that supervision is often carried out retrospectively and lacks effective
sanctioning options, which means that recurring violations of rights rarely
lead to real improvements in practice. In summary, the paper shows that the
legislation in this area shows a clear deviation between theory and practice.
While the legal requirements for proportionality and legal certainty are well
5
defined, the implementation of these requirements in practice is deficient.
Ensuring that children's rights are respected in separation requires structural
reforms, higher training requirements for staff, and a more effective and
proactive oversight mechanism. As long as these factors are insufficient,
separation risks being used in a way that does not fully respect the best
interests of the child or the fundamental principles of legality.}},
  author       = {{Zamani, Melihssa}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Det isolerade barnet - En kritisk granskning av avskiljningsbeslut vid SiS särskilda ungdomshem i förhållande till barn och ungas fri- och rättigheter}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}