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Testamentsrätten i dåtid, nutid och framtid – Är tiden kommen för att ett testamente ska kunna undertecknas elektroniskt?

Danielsson, Wendela LU (2025) JURM02 20251
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
Society today is characterized by digital interaction, with both private and pro-fessional contacts taking place through various technological platforms. Peo-ple browse, communicate and absorb information via mobile phones or com-puters, which has become the normal way of interacting in everyday life. More and more areas of law have taken digitalization into account, but there are still areas of law that play by outdated rules. One such are of law is the law of wills.

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether electronic signatures should be introduced as an alternative to the traditional signature when drawing up wills. The aim is also to understand which purposes have characterized the formal requirements of wills over time, to... (More)
Society today is characterized by digital interaction, with both private and pro-fessional contacts taking place through various technological platforms. Peo-ple browse, communicate and absorb information via mobile phones or com-puters, which has become the normal way of interacting in everyday life. More and more areas of law have taken digitalization into account, but there are still areas of law that play by outdated rules. One such are of law is the law of wills.

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether electronic signatures should be introduced as an alternative to the traditional signature when drawing up wills. The aim is also to understand which purposes have characterized the formal requirements of wills over time, to understand whether an electronic signature can fulfil the purposes of the formal requirements. The paper is writ-ten using a few different methods. The section dealing with the historical de-velopment of the law of wills, that is the emergence of the formal require-ments over time, is written using a legal history method. The part of the paper that deals with current law – the law of wills in the present – is written using the legal dogmatic method. The main part of the paper, the question whether electronic signatures should be introduced as an alternative to the traditional signature, is also written using the legal dogmatic method with elements of de lege ferenda reasoning. A recurring theme of the paper is also that it is written from a legal development perspective.

In order to answer the first question of the thesis, mainly public legal documents have been used, at least as regards recent legal developments. As re-gards legal developments in the early Middle Ages up to the 17th century, mainly textbooks have been used. To answer the second and third questions of the thesis, the generally accepted sources of law have been used, which are legislation, precedents, legislative history and legally orientated literature. Particularly prominent material in this respect has been the legislative history and legal commentaries to the Inheritance Code, as well as other SOUs that have dealt with issues of digitalization and statutory formal requirements.

In this paper, I conclude that electronic signatures should be introduced as an alternative to the traditional signature that is currently one of the formal requirements for a valid will. However, if a valid will is to be signed with an electronic signature, the witness requirement should remain intact. This, be-cause the witnesses fulfil an important evidentiary function and because the witnesses bring a sense of seriousness to the procedure. The investigation in this paper has shown that electronic signatures can be equated with traditional signatures both in terms of fulfillment of the purposes behind the form pre-scribed by law and fulfilment of the legal functions that a traditional signature should fulfil. In addition, it is both urgent and timely that a review of the In-heritance Code is carried out, as the rules regarding wills have remained the same since the 1930s. Digital practices are in line with societal developments, and this can lead to negative consequences if the law is not updated to how people live and interact.

The question of whether the electronic signature should be advanced or qualified is in my view subject to further investigation. There are arguments in favor of both options, but my conclusion is that several different factors need to be investigated before a define conclusion can be presented. Consequential issues such as how the will should be stored, whether it should be registered, how originality is viewed and questions of revocation are aspects that need to be considered in the assessment. In any case, it is clear that the law must be changed before a will can be signed electronically. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Samhället idag kännetecknas av digital interaktion, där både privata såväl som yrkesmässiga kontakter sker via olika tekniska plattformar. Människor skrol-lar, kommunicerar och tar till sig information via mobiltelefoner eller datorer vilket har blivit det normala sättet att interagera i vardagen. Allt fler rättsområ-den har tagit digitaliseringen i beaktning, men det finns fortfarande rättsområ-den som spelar enligt otidsenliga regler. Ett sådant rättsområde är testaments-rätten.

Syftet med förevarande uppsats är att utreda om elektroniska underskrifter bör införas som ett alternativ till den traditionella underskriften, vid upprättandet av testamenten. Syftet är också att förstå vilka skyddstankar som har präglat testamentens... (More)
Samhället idag kännetecknas av digital interaktion, där både privata såväl som yrkesmässiga kontakter sker via olika tekniska plattformar. Människor skrol-lar, kommunicerar och tar till sig information via mobiltelefoner eller datorer vilket har blivit det normala sättet att interagera i vardagen. Allt fler rättsområ-den har tagit digitaliseringen i beaktning, men det finns fortfarande rättsområ-den som spelar enligt otidsenliga regler. Ett sådant rättsområde är testaments-rätten.

Syftet med förevarande uppsats är att utreda om elektroniska underskrifter bör införas som ett alternativ till den traditionella underskriften, vid upprättandet av testamenten. Syftet är också att förstå vilka skyddstankar som har präglat testamentens formkrav över tid, för att på så vis förstå om en elektronisk un-derskrift kan uppfylla formkravens syften. Uppsatsen är skriven med använd-ning av ett flertal olika metoder. Avsnittet som behandlar testamentsrättens historiska utveckling, det vill säga formkravens framväxt över tid, är skriven med en rättshistorisk metod. Den del av uppsatsen som behandlar gällande rätt – testamentsrätten i nutid – är skriven med hjälp av den rättsdogmatiska meto-den. Även uppsatsens huvuddel, frågan huruvida elektroniska underskrifter bör införas som ett alternativ till den traditionella underskriften, är författad med den rättsdogmatiska metoden med inslag av de lege ferenda-resonemang. Ett genomgående tema för uppsatsen är även att den är skriven ur ett rättsut-vecklingsperspektiv.

För att besvara uppsatsens första frågeställning har främst offentligt tryck använts, i vart fall beträffande rättsutvecklingen på senare tid. Vad gäller rätts-utvecklingen under tidig medeltid fram till 1600-talet har främst läroböcker brukats. För besvarandet av uppsatsens andra och tredje frågeställning har de allmänt accepterade rättskällorna använts vilket är lagtext, praxis, förarbeten och juridiskt orienterad litteratur. Särskilt framstående material i detta avse-ende har varit förarbeten samt lagkommentarer till ÄB, samt andra SOU:er som har behandlat frågor om digitalisering och lagstadgade formkrav.

I uppsatsen kommer jag fram till att elektroniska underskrifter bör införas som ett alternativ till den traditionella underskriften som idag är ett av formkraven för ett giltigt testamente. Om ett giltigt testamente ska kunna undertecknas med en elektronisk underskrift bör dock vittneskravet fortsatt vara intakt. Detta, eftersom vittnena dels fyller en viktig bevisfunktion, dels för att vittnena in-bringar en känsla av seriositet. Utredningen i uppsatsen har visat att elektro-niska underskrifter kan likställas med traditionella både vad gäller uppfyllande av formkravens skyddsintressen, samt uppfyllande av de rättsliga funktioner som en traditionell underskrift ska fylla. Därutöver är det både angeläget och tidsenligt att en översyn av ÄB:s bestämmelser görs, då reglerna om testamen-ten i stort sett varit oförändrade sedan 1930-talet. Digitala rutiner ligger i linje med samhällsutvecklingen, och det kan leda till negativa konsekvenser om juridiken inte är uppdaterad efter hur människor lever och interagerar.

Frågan huruvida den elektroniska underskriften bör vara avancerad eller kvali-ficerad är enligt min uppfattning beroende av ytterligare utredning. Det finns argument som talar för bägge varianter, men min slutsats är att ett flertal olika faktorer måste utredas innan en definitiv slutsats kan presenteras. Följdfrågor så som hur testamentet ska förvaras, om det ska registreras, hur man ser på originalitet samt frågor om återkallelse är aspekter som behöver vägas in i bedömningen. Klart är i vart fall att en lagändring måste ske innan ett testa-mente ska kunna undertecknas elektroniskt. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Danielsson, Wendela LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The law of wills in the past, present and future – Has the time come for wills to be electronically signed?
course
JURM02 20251
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
familjerätt, arvsrätt, rättshistoria, testamenten, digitala rutiner
language
Swedish
id
9189028
date added to LUP
2025-06-05 11:37:58
date last changed
2025-06-05 11:37:58
@misc{9189028,
  abstract     = {{Society today is characterized by digital interaction, with both private and pro-fessional contacts taking place through various technological platforms. Peo-ple browse, communicate and absorb information via mobile phones or com-puters, which has become the normal way of interacting in everyday life. More and more areas of law have taken digitalization into account, but there are still areas of law that play by outdated rules. One such are of law is the law of wills. 

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether electronic signatures should be introduced as an alternative to the traditional signature when drawing up wills. The aim is also to understand which purposes have characterized the formal requirements of wills over time, to understand whether an electronic signature can fulfil the purposes of the formal requirements. The paper is writ-ten using a few different methods. The section dealing with the historical de-velopment of the law of wills, that is the emergence of the formal require-ments over time, is written using a legal history method. The part of the paper that deals with current law – the law of wills in the present – is written using the legal dogmatic method. The main part of the paper, the question whether electronic signatures should be introduced as an alternative to the traditional signature, is also written using the legal dogmatic method with elements of de lege ferenda reasoning. A recurring theme of the paper is also that it is written from a legal development perspective.
 
In order to answer the first question of the thesis, mainly public legal documents have been used, at least as regards recent legal developments. As re-gards legal developments in the early Middle Ages up to the 17th century, mainly textbooks have been used. To answer the second and third questions of the thesis, the generally accepted sources of law have been used, which are legislation, precedents, legislative history and legally orientated literature. Particularly prominent material in this respect has been the legislative history and legal commentaries to the Inheritance Code, as well as other SOUs that have dealt with issues of digitalization and statutory formal requirements. 

In this paper, I conclude that electronic signatures should be introduced as an alternative to the traditional signature that is currently one of the formal requirements for a valid will. However, if a valid will is to be signed with an electronic signature, the witness requirement should remain intact. This, be-cause the witnesses fulfil an important evidentiary function and because the witnesses bring a sense of seriousness to the procedure. The investigation in this paper has shown that electronic signatures can be equated with traditional signatures both in terms of fulfillment of the purposes behind the form pre-scribed by law and fulfilment of the legal functions that a traditional signature should fulfil. In addition, it is both urgent and timely that a review of the In-heritance Code is carried out, as the rules regarding wills have remained the same since the 1930s. Digital practices are in line with societal developments, and this can lead to negative consequences if the law is not updated to how people live and interact. 

The question of whether the electronic signature should be advanced or qualified is in my view subject to further investigation. There are arguments in favor of both options, but my conclusion is that several different factors need to be investigated before a define conclusion can be presented. Consequential issues such as how the will should be stored, whether it should be registered, how originality is viewed and questions of revocation are aspects that need to be considered in the assessment. In any case, it is clear that the law must be changed before a will can be signed electronically.}},
  author       = {{Danielsson, Wendela}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Testamentsrätten i dåtid, nutid och framtid – Är tiden kommen för att ett testamente ska kunna undertecknas elektroniskt?}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}