Skip to main content

LUP Student Papers

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Frihetsberövade på olika villkor - En rättslig jämförelse mellan riskbaserade påföljder: Säkerhetsstraffet och rättspsykiatrisk vård med särskild utskrivningsprövning

Jönsson, Emilia LU (2025) JURM02 20251
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
During the summer of 2022, the Swedish government decided to initiate an inquiry with the aim of reforming certain aspects of criminal law. The proposed reforms sought to prevent recidivism, enhance public safety, and impose stricter measures on offenders who fail to comply with the conditions of their sentence. One of the inquiry’s most central elements was the proposal for a security sentence (“säkerhetsstraff”) – a new type of indefinite custodial sanction. The security sentence is intended to apply to individuals who relapse into serious crime after having previously served a custodial sentence or is convicted on a single occasion for repeated criminal conduct. It aims to extend the deprivation of liberty as along as the risk of... (More)
During the summer of 2022, the Swedish government decided to initiate an inquiry with the aim of reforming certain aspects of criminal law. The proposed reforms sought to prevent recidivism, enhance public safety, and impose stricter measures on offenders who fail to comply with the conditions of their sentence. One of the inquiry’s most central elements was the proposal for a security sentence (“säkerhetsstraff”) – a new type of indefinite custodial sanction. The security sentence is intended to apply to individuals who relapse into serious crime after having previously served a custodial sentence or is convicted on a single occasion for repeated criminal conduct. It aims to extend the deprivation of liberty as along as the risk of further offences remains. It is only when such a risk no longer exists that the possibility of release arises.

Indefinite deprivation of liberty is not entirely unfamiliar within the Swedish legal system. Currently, there is a sanction of such nature, aimed at individuals who are assessed to pose a risk of reoffending in serious criminal activity. The primary distinction, relative to proposed security sentence, lies in its area of applicability, as this existing sanction solely applies to individuals with a severe mental disorder. Known as forensic psychiatric care with special discharge review (“Rättspsykiatrisk vård med särskild utskrivningsprövning”), this measure targets individuals who have committed crimes under the influence of a severe mental disorder and are considered to pose a continued risk of committing serious offences.

The purpose of this thesis has been to examine and analyse two criminal sanctions with similar motivations – the security sentence and forensic psychiatric care with special discharge review –in relation to each other and to the principles of legal certainty and equality before the law. Using the legal analytical method, the thesis has reviewed the structure and applicability of the relevant legislation, the underlying legislative motives, and the opinions expressed by referral bodies. This investigation identified four central themes that have been subject to particularly thorough analysis: 1) which individuals are subject to each sanction, 2) the criteria for the imposition of the sanctions, 3) the duration of the sanctions as well as the conditions for their termination and 4) the risk assessments that serve as the basis for both deprivation of liberty and release. The analysis demonstrates that both sanctions suffer from significant deficiencies in terms of predictability, especially regarding the duration of deprivation of liberty and the criteria for release. This presents a serious challenge to the principle of legal certainty. Furthermore, it becomes apparent that individuals with similar criminal backgrounds are afforded varying levels of legal certainty depending on whether they are assessed as having a severe mental disorder, which undermine the principle of equality before the law. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Under sommaren 2022 beslutade regeringen att tillsätta en utredning i syfte att reformera vissa delar av straffrätten. Reformerna avsåg att förebygga återfall i brott, höja nivån av samhällsskyddet samt skärpa restriktionerna för lagöverträdare som misskött sig. Ett av utredningens mest centrala inslag var
förslaget om ett säkerhetsstraff – en ny typ av påföljd med preventiv karaktär.
Säkerhetsstraffet är tänkt att tillämpas på individer som efter tidigare frihetsberövande återfaller i grov brottslighet, alternativt döms vid ett tillfälle till upprepad brottslighet, och syftar till ett fortsatt frihetsberövande så länge risken för återfall i allvarlig brottslighet kvarstår. Först när det inte föreligger en sådan risk aktualiseras... (More)
Under sommaren 2022 beslutade regeringen att tillsätta en utredning i syfte att reformera vissa delar av straffrätten. Reformerna avsåg att förebygga återfall i brott, höja nivån av samhällsskyddet samt skärpa restriktionerna för lagöverträdare som misskött sig. Ett av utredningens mest centrala inslag var
förslaget om ett säkerhetsstraff – en ny typ av påföljd med preventiv karaktär.
Säkerhetsstraffet är tänkt att tillämpas på individer som efter tidigare frihetsberövande återfaller i grov brottslighet, alternativt döms vid ett tillfälle till upprepad brottslighet, och syftar till ett fortsatt frihetsberövande så länge risken för återfall i allvarlig brottslighet kvarstår. Först när det inte föreligger en sådan risk aktualiseras möjligheten till frigivning.

Tidsobestämda frihetsberövanden är inte helt främmande för Sverige. Redan idag har vi bland annat en påföljd som är tidsobestämd och som riktar sig mot personer som har en risk för återfall i allvarlig brottslighet. Skillnaden mot säkerhetsstraffet är dock att denna påföljd endast riktas mot personer som har
en allvarlig psykisk störning. Påföljden heter rättspsykiatrisk vård med särskild utskrivningsprövning och riktar sig således mot personer som utfört brott under påverkan av en allvarlig psykisk störning, och som har risk för återfall i allvarlig brottslighet efter avtjänat straff.

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka och analysera två straffrättsliga påföljder med likartade syften – säkerhetsstraff och rättspsykiatrisk vård med särskild utskrivningsprövning – dels i relation till varandra, dels i förhållande till principerna om rättssäkerhet och likhet inför lagen. Genom en rättsanalytisk metod har uppsatsen granskat lagarnas utformning, tillämplighet, bakomliggande motiv och remissinstansers synpunkter. Detta för att undersöka hur påföljderna förhåller sig till principen om rättssäkerhet. Denna kartläggning har identifierat fyra centrala teman som analyserats särskilt ingående: 1) vilka individer som omfattas av påföljderna, 2) rekvisiten för utdömande av påföljderna, 3) påföljdernas varaktighet och upphörande samt 4) de riskbedömningar som ligger till grund för frihetsberövandet och frigivningen. Analysen visar att båda påföljderna präglas av betydande brister i förutsebarhet, särskilt vad gäller frihetsberövandenas längd och kriterierna för frigivning och att detta utgör en allvarlig utmaning mot rättssäkerhetsprincipen. Vidare framgår också att individer med liknande brottsbakgrund behandlas olika och uppnår olika nivåer av rättssäkerhet beroende på om de bedöms ha en allvarlig psykisk störning eller inte, vilket riskerar att undergräva principen om likhet inför lagen. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Jönsson, Emilia LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Deprived of Liberty on Different Terms - A Legal Comparison of Risk-Based Sentences: The Security Sentence and Forensic Psychiatric Care with Special Discharge Review
course
JURM02 20251
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, säkerhetsstraff, rättspsykiatrisk vård med särskild utskrivningsprövning, rättssäkerhet, likhet inför lagen.
language
Swedish
id
9189038
date added to LUP
2025-06-05 14:27:13
date last changed
2025-06-05 14:27:13
@misc{9189038,
  abstract     = {{During the summer of 2022, the Swedish government decided to initiate an inquiry with the aim of reforming certain aspects of criminal law. The proposed reforms sought to prevent recidivism, enhance public safety, and impose stricter measures on offenders who fail to comply with the conditions of their sentence. One of the inquiry’s most central elements was the proposal for a security sentence (“säkerhetsstraff”) – a new type of indefinite custodial sanction. The security sentence is intended to apply to individuals who relapse into serious crime after having previously served a custodial sentence or is convicted on a single occasion for repeated criminal conduct. It aims to extend the deprivation of liberty as along as the risk of further offences remains. It is only when such a risk no longer exists that the possibility of release arises.

Indefinite deprivation of liberty is not entirely unfamiliar within the Swedish legal system. Currently, there is a sanction of such nature, aimed at individuals who are assessed to pose a risk of reoffending in serious criminal activity. The primary distinction, relative to proposed security sentence, lies in its area of applicability, as this existing sanction solely applies to individuals with a severe mental disorder. Known as forensic psychiatric care with special discharge review (“Rättspsykiatrisk vård med särskild utskrivningsprövning”), this measure targets individuals who have committed crimes under the influence of a severe mental disorder and are considered to pose a continued risk of committing serious offences.

The purpose of this thesis has been to examine and analyse two criminal sanctions with similar motivations – the security sentence and forensic psychiatric care with special discharge review –in relation to each other and to the principles of legal certainty and equality before the law. Using the legal analytical method, the thesis has reviewed the structure and applicability of the relevant legislation, the underlying legislative motives, and the opinions expressed by referral bodies. This investigation identified four central themes that have been subject to particularly thorough analysis: 1) which individuals are subject to each sanction, 2) the criteria for the imposition of the sanctions, 3) the duration of the sanctions as well as the conditions for their termination and 4) the risk assessments that serve as the basis for both deprivation of liberty and release. The analysis demonstrates that both sanctions suffer from significant deficiencies in terms of predictability, especially regarding the duration of deprivation of liberty and the criteria for release. This presents a serious challenge to the principle of legal certainty. Furthermore, it becomes apparent that individuals with similar criminal backgrounds are afforded varying levels of legal certainty depending on whether they are assessed as having a severe mental disorder, which undermine the principle of equality before the law.}},
  author       = {{Jönsson, Emilia}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Frihetsberövade på olika villkor - En rättslig jämförelse mellan riskbaserade påföljder: Säkerhetsstraffet och rättspsykiatrisk vård med särskild utskrivningsprövning}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}