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Sluten ungdomsvård slopas och ungdomsfängelser införs - En studie om för- och nackdelar med förslagen i SOU 2023:44

Lavré, Filippa LU (2025) JURM02 20251
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Hanteringen av barn som begår brott är ett allt mer omdiskuterat ämne, särskilt mot bakgrund av den markanta ökningen av grova våldsbrott som begås av barn under 18 år. Samtidigt som svensk gällande rätt traditionellt präglats av principen att barn inte ska fängslas, har allt fler unga frihetsberövats. Detta aktualiserar både rättsliga och etiska frågor om hur samhället bör agera när barn begår allvarliga brott. Genom lagändringen som slopade strafflindringen för unga vuxna i åldern 18–21 år, har rekryteringen av barn i åldern 15–17 till kriminella nätverk ökat då dessa fortfarande omfattas av särbehandlingen.

Utifrån utvecklingen har förslaget i betänkandet SOU 2023:44 fått stor uppmärksamhet. Kommittén föreslår att särskilda... (More)
Hanteringen av barn som begår brott är ett allt mer omdiskuterat ämne, särskilt mot bakgrund av den markanta ökningen av grova våldsbrott som begås av barn under 18 år. Samtidigt som svensk gällande rätt traditionellt präglats av principen att barn inte ska fängslas, har allt fler unga frihetsberövats. Detta aktualiserar både rättsliga och etiska frågor om hur samhället bör agera när barn begår allvarliga brott. Genom lagändringen som slopade strafflindringen för unga vuxna i åldern 18–21 år, har rekryteringen av barn i åldern 15–17 till kriminella nätverk ökat då dessa fortfarande omfattas av särbehandlingen.

Utifrån utvecklingen har förslaget i betänkandet SOU 2023:44 fått stor uppmärksamhet. Kommittén föreslår att särskilda ungdomsfängelser inrättas för barn i åldern 15–17 år som ersättning till dagens slutna ungdomsvård. Tanken är att skapa en miljö där Kriminalvården, med sin erfarenhet och struktur, ska erbjuda bättre förutsättningar för rehabilitering och trygghet än SiS.

Den gällande rättsordningen bygger på en särbehandling av unga i straffrättsliga sammanhang, där hänsyn tas till barns mognad och behov av stöd i sin rehabilitering. Utgångspunkten är att häktning av barn alltid ska vara en sista utväg eftersom isolering har en större negativ effekt på barn än vuxna. Enligt lag har barn rätt till fyra timmars vistelse med personal varje dag för att motverka isoleringens negativa effekter, men detta uppnås i praktiken bara hälften av gångerna. I vissa häkten är andelen ännu lägre. Den psykologiska påverkan av barn vid isolering är betydande. Forskning visar att bristen av social och sensorisk stimulans ökar risken för kort- och långsiktiga skador, däribland ångest, depression och självskadebeteende.
Internationella organ som Förenta nationerna och Europarådet har riktat skarp kritik mot Sverige och
flera andra länder för användningen av isolering av barn i rättsliga sammanhang.

SiS, som idag ansvarar för den slutna ungdomsvården, har länge mött kritik för bland annat bristande förhållanden, platsbrist och brist på personal med rätt kompetens. Flera granskningar, bland annat Riksrevisionen, Barnrättsbyrån och Justitieombudsmannen, pekar på strukturella problem och återkommande missförhållanden.

Förslaget om ungdomsfängelser anses av vissa som en möjlighet att skapa tydlig struktur, bättre resurstillgång och ökad rättssäkerhet. Kritiker varnar däremot för att detta riskerar att skapa instutionsmiljöer där barn i högre grad präglas av kriminalitet, med ökad risk för rekrytering till gängmiljöer, social stigmatisering och förstärkt kriminell identitet.
Uppsatsen mynnar ut i en diskussion där för- och nackdelar med kommittén förslag vägs mot varandra. Skälen till kommitténs förslag är behovet av att ompröva hur det svenska rättssystemet förhåller sig till unga lagöverträdare. Det krävs en tydlig gränsdragning mellan vård och straff, samt ett helhetsgrepp där barns rättigheter enligt barnkonventionen respekteras i praktiken. Oavsett om framtiden innebär ungdomsfängelser, är det tydligt att nuvarande system har stora brister som drabbar barn på ett sätt som kan ifrågasättas utifrån såväl rättssäkerhet som etik. Ska förslaget innebära verklig förändring och leda till ett samhälle med mindre organiserad brottslighet, krävs både resurser, kompetens och en långsiktig strategi som sätter barns rehabilitering i centrum.

Uppsatsen ger en klar bild av de för- och nackdelar som finns med förslagen i SOU 2023:44 i praktiken, och fokuserar på den historiska särbehandlingen, barnets roll inom systemet och barnens roll som en del av den organiserade brottsligheten. (Less)
Abstract
The treatment of children who commit crimes is an increasingly debated topic, particularly in light of a marked increase in serious violent crimes com- mitted by children under 18. While Swedish law has traditionally been char- acterized by the principle that children should not be imprisoned, the reality is that more and more young people are being deprived of their liberty. This raises both legal and ethical questions about how society should respond when children commit serious crimes. The amendment to the law that abolished the reduced sentences for young adults aged 18–21 has contributed to the recruitment of children aged 15–17 to criminal networks, as they are still subject to special treatment.

Based on this development, the... (More)
The treatment of children who commit crimes is an increasingly debated topic, particularly in light of a marked increase in serious violent crimes com- mitted by children under 18. While Swedish law has traditionally been char- acterized by the principle that children should not be imprisoned, the reality is that more and more young people are being deprived of their liberty. This raises both legal and ethical questions about how society should respond when children commit serious crimes. The amendment to the law that abolished the reduced sentences for young adults aged 18–21 has contributed to the recruitment of children aged 15–17 to criminal networks, as they are still subject to special treatment.

Based on this development, the proposal in the report SOU 2023:44 has received considerable attention. The committee proposes the establishment of special youth prisons for children aged 15–17, intended to replace the current closed juvenile detention facilities. The idea is to create an environment where the correctional services, with their experience and structure, can offer better conditions for rehabilitation and security than those provided by SiS.

The current legal system is based on special treatment of young people in the criminal justice system, taking into account children's maturity and need for support in their rehabilitation. A core principle is that detention of children should always be a last resort, as solitary confinement has a greater negative effect on children than adults. By law, children are entitled to four hours of daily interaction to counteract the negative effects of isolation, but in practice this is achieved only about half the time. In some detention centers, the percentage is even lower. The psychological impact of isolation on children is significant. Research shows that the lack of social and sensory stimulation increases the risk of short- and long-term harm, including anxiety, depression and self-harm. International bodies such as the United Nations and the Coun- cil of Europe have strongly criticized Sweden and several other countries for the use of solitary confinement on children in judicial contexts.

SiS, which is currently responsible for closed youth care, has long been criticized for, among other things, inadequate conditions, lack of space and a shortage of staff with appropriate qualifications. Several reviews, including the Swedish National Audit Office, the Children's Rights Agency and the Parliamentary Ombudsman, point to structural problems and recurring abuses.

The proposal for youth prisons is seen by some as an opportunity to create a more structured environment, better access to resources and greater legal cer- tainty. Critics warn, however, that these risks creating institutional environments where children are more prone to criminality, with an increased risk of recruitment to gang environments, social stigmatization, and reinforced criminal identity.
The information described in the paper leads to a discussion in which the pros and cons are weighed against each other. The reasons for the government's proposal are the need to reconsider how the Swedish legal system relates to young offenders. A clear distinction between care and punishment is required, as well as a holistic approach in which children's rights, as set out in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, are respected in practice. Regardless of whether the future involves youth prisons, it is clear that the current system has major shortcomings that affect children in a way that calls into question both legal certainty and ethics. If the proposal is to bring about real change for a society with less organized crime, it requires resources, expertise and a long-term strategy that puts children's rehabilitation at the center.

The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the practical implications, pros and cons, of SOU 2023:44, focusing on the historical special treatment, the role of the child within the system and the role of children as part of organized crime. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Lavré, Filippa LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Secure youth care is abolished and youth prisons are established - A study on the pros and cons of the proposals in SOU 2023:44
course
JURM02 20251
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
straffrätt, unga lagöverträdare, ungdomsfängelse, SOU 2023:44
language
Swedish
id
9189137
date added to LUP
2025-06-10 09:34:49
date last changed
2025-06-10 09:34:49
@misc{9189137,
  abstract     = {{The treatment of children who commit crimes is an increasingly debated topic, particularly in light of a marked increase in serious violent crimes com- mitted by children under 18. While Swedish law has traditionally been char- acterized by the principle that children should not be imprisoned, the reality is that more and more young people are being deprived of their liberty. This raises both legal and ethical questions about how society should respond when children commit serious crimes. The amendment to the law that abolished the reduced sentences for young adults aged 18–21 has contributed to the recruitment of children aged 15–17 to criminal networks, as they are still subject to special treatment.

Based on this development, the proposal in the report SOU 2023:44 has received considerable attention. The committee proposes the establishment of special youth prisons for children aged 15–17, intended to replace the current closed juvenile detention facilities. The idea is to create an environment where the correctional services, with their experience and structure, can offer better conditions for rehabilitation and security than those provided by SiS.

The current legal system is based on special treatment of young people in the criminal justice system, taking into account children's maturity and need for support in their rehabilitation. A core principle is that detention of children should always be a last resort, as solitary confinement has a greater negative effect on children than adults. By law, children are entitled to four hours of daily interaction to counteract the negative effects of isolation, but in practice this is achieved only about half the time. In some detention centers, the percentage is even lower. The psychological impact of isolation on children is significant. Research shows that the lack of social and sensory stimulation increases the risk of short- and long-term harm, including anxiety, depression and self-harm. International bodies such as the United Nations and the Coun- cil of Europe have strongly criticized Sweden and several other countries for the use of solitary confinement on children in judicial contexts.

SiS, which is currently responsible for closed youth care, has long been criticized for, among other things, inadequate conditions, lack of space and a shortage of staff with appropriate qualifications. Several reviews, including the Swedish National Audit Office, the Children's Rights Agency and the Parliamentary Ombudsman, point to structural problems and recurring abuses.

The proposal for youth prisons is seen by some as an opportunity to create a more structured environment, better access to resources and greater legal cer- tainty. Critics warn, however, that these risks creating institutional environments where children are more prone to criminality, with an increased risk of recruitment to gang environments, social stigmatization, and reinforced criminal identity.
The information described in the paper leads to a discussion in which the pros and cons are weighed against each other. The reasons for the government's proposal are the need to reconsider how the Swedish legal system relates to young offenders. A clear distinction between care and punishment is required, as well as a holistic approach in which children's rights, as set out in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, are respected in practice. Regardless of whether the future involves youth prisons, it is clear that the current system has major shortcomings that affect children in a way that calls into question both legal certainty and ethics. If the proposal is to bring about real change for a society with less organized crime, it requires resources, expertise and a long-term strategy that puts children's rehabilitation at the center.

The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the practical implications, pros and cons, of SOU 2023:44, focusing on the historical special treatment, the role of the child within the system and the role of children as part of organized crime.}},
  author       = {{Lavré, Filippa}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Sluten ungdomsvård slopas och ungdomsfängelser införs - En studie om för- och nackdelar med förslagen i SOU 2023:44}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}