En flexibel regel för en sprintande värld - En studie av 36 § AvtL i ljuset av social acceleration
(2025) JURM02 20251Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract
- This paper aims to shed light on the impact of social acceleration on the legislative process and the legislative product. § 36 of the Swedish Contracts Act (henceforth referred to as the Contracts Act) forms the basis for an examination of how social acceleration is reflected in the legislative process. This is in relation to the problem described by the legislator, the purpose of the law and finally how this is expressed in its design. To achieve this aim, three questions are posed, with question 1 representing the main question. 1) How can the driving forces leading to § 36 of the Contracts Act and its structure, be understood in relation to the theory of social acceleration? 2) What does social acceleration mean, and what impact does... (More)
- This paper aims to shed light on the impact of social acceleration on the legislative process and the legislative product. § 36 of the Swedish Contracts Act (henceforth referred to as the Contracts Act) forms the basis for an examination of how social acceleration is reflected in the legislative process. This is in relation to the problem described by the legislator, the purpose of the law and finally how this is expressed in its design. To achieve this aim, three questions are posed, with question 1 representing the main question. 1) How can the driving forces leading to § 36 of the Contracts Act and its structure, be understood in relation to the theory of social acceleration? 2) What does social acceleration mean, and what impact does it have on the legislative process and legislative product? 3) In what ways has the structure of §36 of the Contracts Act been influenced by its purpose and context?
When answering question three, I used legal doctrinal method alongside theories of legal interpretation, such as teleological and historical. I analysed the legal material in the context of the response to question two, in order to provide an answer to my main question (question one). I conducted a systematic search to produce a selection of literature relevant to answering the question of the thesis.
The theoretical framework utilised is Hartmut Rosa's theory of social acceleration. First, the three acceleration processes – technological, social change and individual pace of life – are presented as the basis for the theory. Next, the external and internal engines and deceleration forces are presented and described briefly. It is argued that the deceleration forces have no effect on acceleration. Therefore, these elements create a self-propelling process of social acceleration. Social acceleration is interpreted as having an effect on the legislative process by making it more burdensome. Legislation in the late modern era is described in terms of the concept of motorized legislation, which has the effect of producing more vague legislation, effectively delegating political decisionmaking to the courts. Overall, this can be understood as part of politics becoming more situational.
As a general clause, § 36 of the Contracts Act covers the entire field of property law. The rule is centred on the necessary prerequisite of unfairness. It emerged at a time of change, characterised by a changing market and new contractual views based on welfare ideals. The primary purpose of the general clause was to safeguard individuals' freedom to contract. A secondary purpose can also be seen in the codification of principles reflecting the new contractual outlook. Several technical modifications have been made to the law to allow for greater flexibility in its application by the court. The key changes are the introduction of 'unfairness' as an element and the consolidation of the older general clauses into a general property law clause.
It is concluded that § 36 of the Contracts Act can be seen as a law that came into being in a changing time. The two identified driving forces are material, referring to a radical change in the market, and idealistic, alluding to the new contractual view as a reflection of political ideals. These forces influence the design of the general clause. In a changing market, political ideals that simultaneously aim to protect designated groups require a solution to be found. Regulatory power can be delegated to the court to enable an effective law that is not hindered by its formulation.
Furthermore, I explore whether this type of legal flexibility constitutes a general trend in late modern society. Finally, I address the question of the political impact of shifting regulatory power to the court and its effect on situational politics. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- Denna uppsats syftar till att belysa hur social acceleration kan förstås påverka lagstiftningsprocessen och lagstiftningsprodukten. Med utgångspunkt i 36 § AvtL, undersöks hur social acceleration speglas i lagstiftningsarbetet. Detta görs särskilt i förhållande till den problembild lagstiftaren beskriver, lagens syfte och slutligen hur detta tar sig uttryck i dess utformning. För att uppnå detta syfte uppställs tre frågor där fråga 1 utgör huvudfrågan: 1) Hur kan drivkrafterna bakom 36 § AvtL och dess utformning förstås i relation till teorin om social acceleration? 2) Vad innebär social acceleration, och vilken påverkan har den på lagstiftningsprocessen och lagstiftningsprodukten? 3) Hur har 36 § AvtL utformning påverkats av dess syfte... (More)
- Denna uppsats syftar till att belysa hur social acceleration kan förstås påverka lagstiftningsprocessen och lagstiftningsprodukten. Med utgångspunkt i 36 § AvtL, undersöks hur social acceleration speglas i lagstiftningsarbetet. Detta görs särskilt i förhållande till den problembild lagstiftaren beskriver, lagens syfte och slutligen hur detta tar sig uttryck i dess utformning. För att uppnå detta syfte uppställs tre frågor där fråga 1 utgör huvudfrågan: 1) Hur kan drivkrafterna bakom 36 § AvtL och dess utformning förstås i relation till teorin om social acceleration? 2) Vad innebär social acceleration, och vilken påverkan har den på lagstiftningsprocessen och lagstiftningsprodukten? 3) Hur har 36 § AvtL utformning påverkats av dess syfte och kontext?
Vid besvarande av fråga tre använder jag dels rättsdogmatisk metod, dels hjälpregler för lagtolkning som subjektiv och ändamålsenlig tolkning. Det empiriska materialet i kapitel tre analyseras mot det teoretiska materialet i kapitel två, för att besvara min huvudfråga (fråga ett). Ett systematiskt sökande har gjorts för att ta fram ett urval av litteratur som är relevant för att besvara uppsatsens frågeställning.
Teorin som tillämpas utgörs av Hartmut Rosas framställning av social acceleration. Först presenteras grunddragen i hans teori. Detta utgörs av de tre accelerationsprocesserna: den tekniska, sociala förändringarna och individuella livstempot, därefter presenteras kort de externa och interna motorerna samt retardationskrafterna. Retardationskrafterna beskrivs saknar verkan på accelerationen. Sammantaget skapar dessa delar en självgående social acceleration. Vidare beskrivs effekterna av social acceleration på lagstiftningsprocessen och produkten. Det lyfts att sociala accelerationen gör lagstiftningsprocessen mer belastad. Begreppet motoriserad lagstiftning introduceras för att förstå lagstiftningsprocessen och produkten i det senmoderna. Motoriserad lagstiftning resulterar i att lagarna får vagare karaktär, vilket kan ses som delegering av det politiska beslutsfattandet till domstolarna. Sammantaget kan detta förstås som en del av att politiken blir situativ.
36 § AvtL är en generalklausul som sträcker sig över hela det förmögenhetsrättsliga området. Regeln är byggd runt nyckelrekvisitet oskälighet. Regeln kom till i en tid av förändring, vilket utgjordes av en förändrad marknad och en ny avtalssyn präglad av välfärdsstatens ideal. Det centrala syftet med generalklausulen var att skydda individens avtalsfrihet. Ett sekundärt syfte kan också förstås som kodifiering av principer som speglar den nya avtalssynen. Lagen präglas av flera lagtekniska förändringar som skapar ökad flexibilitet för domstolens tillämpning. Några av de viktigaste förändringarna utgörs av introduktionen av oskälighetsrekvisitet och sammanslagningen till en generell förmögenhetsrättslig generalklausul.
Min slutsats är att 36 § AvtL kan ses som en lag som tillkom i en föränderlig tid. De två drivkrafter som identifieras är materiella, som hänvisar till en radikalt förändrad marknaden, och idealistiska, som anspelar på den nya avtalssynen tillsammans med den politiska viljan att upprätta en mer gediget avtalsrättsligt skydd. Dessa drivkrafter påverkar generalklausulens utformning. På en föränderlig marknad som samtidigt ämnar att skydda utpekade grupper delegeras stor makt till domstolen, för att möjliggöra ett effektivt lag som inte hämmas av dess formulering över tid.
Vidare diskuteras ifall denna typ av flexibla lagregel utgör en generell lagteknisk trend i det senmoderna samhället. Slutligen återknyts till frågan gällande den politiska genomslagskraften när normgivningsmakten förskjuts till domstolen. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9189143
- author
- Nilsson, Kajsa LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- A flexible rule for a fast-paced world - A study of § 36 of the Swedish Contracts Act in relation to social acceleration
- course
- JURM02 20251
- year
- 2025
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- allmän rättslära, rättssociologi, den stora generalklausulen, avtalsrätt, social acceleration, 36§, avtalslagen
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9189143
- date added to LUP
- 2025-06-03 11:16:54
- date last changed
- 2025-06-03 11:16:54
@misc{9189143, abstract = {{This paper aims to shed light on the impact of social acceleration on the legislative process and the legislative product. § 36 of the Swedish Contracts Act (henceforth referred to as the Contracts Act) forms the basis for an examination of how social acceleration is reflected in the legislative process. This is in relation to the problem described by the legislator, the purpose of the law and finally how this is expressed in its design. To achieve this aim, three questions are posed, with question 1 representing the main question. 1) How can the driving forces leading to § 36 of the Contracts Act and its structure, be understood in relation to the theory of social acceleration? 2) What does social acceleration mean, and what impact does it have on the legislative process and legislative product? 3) In what ways has the structure of §36 of the Contracts Act been influenced by its purpose and context? When answering question three, I used legal doctrinal method alongside theories of legal interpretation, such as teleological and historical. I analysed the legal material in the context of the response to question two, in order to provide an answer to my main question (question one). I conducted a systematic search to produce a selection of literature relevant to answering the question of the thesis. The theoretical framework utilised is Hartmut Rosa's theory of social acceleration. First, the three acceleration processes – technological, social change and individual pace of life – are presented as the basis for the theory. Next, the external and internal engines and deceleration forces are presented and described briefly. It is argued that the deceleration forces have no effect on acceleration. Therefore, these elements create a self-propelling process of social acceleration. Social acceleration is interpreted as having an effect on the legislative process by making it more burdensome. Legislation in the late modern era is described in terms of the concept of motorized legislation, which has the effect of producing more vague legislation, effectively delegating political decisionmaking to the courts. Overall, this can be understood as part of politics becoming more situational. As a general clause, § 36 of the Contracts Act covers the entire field of property law. The rule is centred on the necessary prerequisite of unfairness. It emerged at a time of change, characterised by a changing market and new contractual views based on welfare ideals. The primary purpose of the general clause was to safeguard individuals' freedom to contract. A secondary purpose can also be seen in the codification of principles reflecting the new contractual outlook. Several technical modifications have been made to the law to allow for greater flexibility in its application by the court. The key changes are the introduction of 'unfairness' as an element and the consolidation of the older general clauses into a general property law clause. It is concluded that § 36 of the Contracts Act can be seen as a law that came into being in a changing time. The two identified driving forces are material, referring to a radical change in the market, and idealistic, alluding to the new contractual view as a reflection of political ideals. These forces influence the design of the general clause. In a changing market, political ideals that simultaneously aim to protect designated groups require a solution to be found. Regulatory power can be delegated to the court to enable an effective law that is not hindered by its formulation. Furthermore, I explore whether this type of legal flexibility constitutes a general trend in late modern society. Finally, I address the question of the political impact of shifting regulatory power to the court and its effect on situational politics.}}, author = {{Nilsson, Kajsa}}, language = {{swe}}, note = {{Student Paper}}, title = {{En flexibel regel för en sprintande värld - En studie av 36 § AvtL i ljuset av social acceleration}}, year = {{2025}}, }