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Att komponera ett hot - Om konstdimensionens betydelse i brottmål

Hemberg, Renée LU (2025) JURM02 20251
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Kulturella angelägenheter tillhör yttrandefrihetens kärnområde i Sverige. Rättstillämpare ska särskilt beakta vidaste möjliga yttrandefrihet i prövningen av fall som rör kulturella angelägenheter. Utgångspunkten för den här uppsatsen är ett brottmål där Högsta domstolen beaktade kulturella angelägenheter i sin bedömning. Rättsfallet heter Raplåten och handlar om en rapartist som åtalades för hot mot tjänsteman på grund av textrader i en raplåt som artisten hade skrivit och publicerat på en strömningstjänst. Högsta domstolen friade artisten bland annat mot bakgrund av vilken genre som låten tillhörde. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att förstå vad prejudikatet innebär för framtida rättstillämpning. Är följden av prejudikatet att hot som... (More)
Kulturella angelägenheter tillhör yttrandefrihetens kärnområde i Sverige. Rättstillämpare ska särskilt beakta vidaste möjliga yttrandefrihet i prövningen av fall som rör kulturella angelägenheter. Utgångspunkten för den här uppsatsen är ett brottmål där Högsta domstolen beaktade kulturella angelägenheter i sin bedömning. Rättsfallet heter Raplåten och handlar om en rapartist som åtalades för hot mot tjänsteman på grund av textrader i en raplåt som artisten hade skrivit och publicerat på en strömningstjänst. Högsta domstolen friade artisten bland annat mot bakgrund av vilken genre som låten tillhörde. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att förstå vad prejudikatet innebär för framtida rättstillämpning. Är följden av prejudikatet att hot som uttrycks i musik eller annan konstnärlig framställning är tillåtna och hade bedömningen blivit annorlunda om texten hade framförts i en annan genre?

För att uppfylla uppsatsens syfte används en rättsanalytisk metod för att svara på frågor som rör hur domstolarna förhåller sig till konstbegreppet, vilken uppfattning domstolarna har om olika konstformer och genrer och hur bedömningen görs när konstnärliga uttryck, verk eller syften är inblandade. I uppsatsen redovisas rättsfall från svenska domstolar och Europadomstolen där resonemang om konst eller konstnärlig frihet förs. Raplåten är en av två brottmål där Högsta domstolen har beaktat kulturella rättigheter. Det andra rättsfallet, NJA 2012 s. 400 som handlar om mangateckningar, diskuteras också i uppsatsen.

Uppsatsen belyser olika svårigheter som bestämmelsen om att beakta kulturella angelägenheter innebär, att det är svårt för domstolarna att förhålla sig till konstbegreppet och att domstolarna kan missa viktiga detaljer när prövningen inte går närmare in på konstformen.

Slutsatsen är att de svenska domstolarna generellt undviker att närmare gå in på konstbegreppet. En central aspekt för bedömningen är om konstuttrycket bidrar till samhällsdebatten vilket tyder på att domstolarna verkar tillämpa en funktionell definition av konst. Prövningen utgår också från vilket skyddsintresse som står mot konstnärens yttrandefrihet och i vilket sammanhang som yttrandet har framförts.

Skyddsintressena för olaga hot och hot mot tjänsteman värderas högt. Därför går det inte generellt att säga att hot som uttrycks i musik eller annan konstnärlig framställning är tillåtna.

Raplåten är ett rättsfall där framför allt tingsrätten och Högsta domstolen går närmare in på konstformen. Resonemanget som Högsta domstolen för i Raplåten kan tolkas som en uppmaning att närmare granska konstformen och att utgången hade blivit annorlunda om det hade rört sig om en annan genre. (Less)
Abstract
Cultural matters are at the core of freedom of expression in Sweden. Legal practitioners shall particularly take into account the widest possible freedom of expression in the assessment of cases concerning cultural matters. The starting point for this essay is a criminal case in which the Supreme Court considered cultural matters in its assessment. The case is called Raplåten (the rap song) and is about a rap artist who was accused with threat to a public servant for lyrics in a rap song that the artist had written and published on a streaming service. The Supreme Court acquitted the artist, among other things, based on the genre that the song belonged to. The purpose of this essay is to understand what the precedent means for future... (More)
Cultural matters are at the core of freedom of expression in Sweden. Legal practitioners shall particularly take into account the widest possible freedom of expression in the assessment of cases concerning cultural matters. The starting point for this essay is a criminal case in which the Supreme Court considered cultural matters in its assessment. The case is called Raplåten (the rap song) and is about a rap artist who was accused with threat to a public servant for lyrics in a rap song that the artist had written and published on a streaming service. The Supreme Court acquitted the artist, among other things, based on the genre that the song belonged to. The purpose of this essay is to understand what the precedent means for future application of law. Are threats expressed in music or other artistic expression permissible and would the assessment have been different if the text had been performed in a different genre?
To fulfill the purpose of this essay, a legal analytical method is used to answer questions regarding how the courts relate to the concept of art, what the courts’ view is of different art forms and genres, and how the assesment is made when artistic expressions, works or purposes are involved. The essay presents cases from Swedish courts and the European Court of Human Rights where there is a discussion about art or artistic freedom. Raplåten is one of two criminal cases where the Supreme Court has considered cultural matters. The other case, NJA 2012 s. 400 which involves manga drawings, is also discussed in the essay.
The essay highlights various difficulties posed by the provison on taking cultural matters into account, how difficult it is for the courts to relate to the concept of art and that the courts can miss important details when the assesment does not go into more detail about the art form.
The conclusion is that Swedish courts generally avoid going into more detail about the concept of art. A central aspect of the assessment is whether the artistic expression contributes to a social debate, which indicate that the courts seem to apply a funtional definition of art. The assessment is also based on what protective interest stands in opposition to the artist’s freedom of expression and in what context the expression has been made.
The protection interests of unlawful threat and threat to a public servant are highly valued. Therefore, it is not possible to generally say that threats expressed in music or other artistic expression are permissible.
Raplåten is a case where the district court and the Supreme Court in particular look into the art form in more detail. The line of argument by the Supreme Court in Raplåten can be interpreted as a call to take a closer look at the art form and that the outcome would have been different if it had been a different genre. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Hemberg, Renée LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Composing a threat - The significance of the art dimension in criminal cases
course
JURM02 20251
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
straffrätt, yttrandefrihet, kulturella angelägenheter, konstjuridik, rap on trial
language
Swedish
id
9189157
date added to LUP
2025-06-05 11:36:24
date last changed
2025-06-09 16:09:24
@misc{9189157,
  abstract     = {{Cultural matters are at the core of freedom of expression in Sweden. Legal practitioners shall particularly take into account the widest possible freedom of expression in the assessment of cases concerning cultural matters. The starting point for this essay is a criminal case in which the Supreme Court considered cultural matters in its assessment. The case is called Raplåten (the rap song) and is about a rap artist who was accused with threat to a public servant for lyrics in a rap song that the artist had written and published on a streaming service. The Supreme Court acquitted the artist, among other things, based on the genre that the song belonged to. The purpose of this essay is to understand what the precedent means for future application of law. Are threats expressed in music or other artistic expression permissible and would the assessment have been different if the text had been performed in a different genre? 
To fulfill the purpose of this essay, a legal analytical method is used to answer questions regarding how the courts relate to the concept of art, what the courts’ view is of different art forms and genres, and how the assesment is made when artistic expressions, works or purposes are involved. The essay presents cases from Swedish courts and the European Court of Human Rights where there is a discussion about art or artistic freedom. Raplåten is one of two criminal cases where the Supreme Court has considered cultural matters. The other case, NJA 2012 s. 400 which involves manga drawings, is also discussed in the essay. 
The essay highlights various difficulties posed by the provison on taking cultural matters into account, how difficult it is for the courts to relate to the concept of art and that the courts can miss important details when the assesment does not go into more detail about the art form. 
The conclusion is that Swedish courts generally avoid going into more detail about the concept of art. A central aspect of the assessment is whether the artistic expression contributes to a social debate, which indicate that the courts seem to apply a funtional definition of art. The assessment is also based on what protective interest stands in opposition to the artist’s freedom of expression and in what context the expression has been made. 
The protection interests of unlawful threat and threat to a public servant are highly valued. Therefore, it is not possible to generally say that threats expressed in music or other artistic expression are permissible. 
Raplåten is a case where the district court and the Supreme Court in particular look into the art form in more detail. The line of argument by the Supreme Court in Raplåten can be interpreted as a call to take a closer look at the art form and that the outcome would have been different if it had been a different genre.}},
  author       = {{Hemberg, Renée}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Att komponera ett hot - Om konstdimensionens betydelse i brottmål}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}