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Begränsandet av billighetsskälen och upprättelse för brottsoffer

Bodén, Vera LU (2025) JURM02 20251
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
I juli 2023 tillsatte regeringen en utredning i syfte att genomföra en övergri- pande översyn av straffskalorna samt lägga fram förslag till ett reformerat och mer rättvist påföljdssystem. Regeringen framhåller i direktivet att straffsyste- met bör uttrycka en tydligare klandervärdering av brottsliga gärningar för att undvika att brottsoffer upplever rättsprocessen som ytterligare en kränkning. Det signaleras ett perspektivskifte inom straffrätten, där fokus förskjuts från gärningspersonen till brottsoffret och dennes behov av upprättelse. En av de åtgärder som föreslås i syfte att stärka brottsoffers ställning är att bestämmel- sen om billighetsskäl i 29 kap. 5 § BrB avskaffas eller ges en mer begränsad betydelse vid påföljdsbestämningen.... (More)
I juli 2023 tillsatte regeringen en utredning i syfte att genomföra en övergri- pande översyn av straffskalorna samt lägga fram förslag till ett reformerat och mer rättvist påföljdssystem. Regeringen framhåller i direktivet att straffsyste- met bör uttrycka en tydligare klandervärdering av brottsliga gärningar för att undvika att brottsoffer upplever rättsprocessen som ytterligare en kränkning. Det signaleras ett perspektivskifte inom straffrätten, där fokus förskjuts från gärningspersonen till brottsoffret och dennes behov av upprättelse. En av de åtgärder som föreslås i syfte att stärka brottsoffers ställning är att bestämmel- sen om billighetsskäl i 29 kap. 5 § BrB avskaffas eller ges en mer begränsad betydelse vid påföljdsbestämningen. Förslaget motiveras dock inte närmare i direktivet, vilket väcker frågan om huruvida ett sådant avskaffande verkligen skulle leda till upprättelse för brottsoffer. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka hur tillämpningen av billighetsskäl förhåller sig till brottsoffers upprättelse, genom att besvara frågeställningen: Finns det anledning att begränsa bety- delsen av billighetsskälen i syfte att ge brottsoffer upprättelse?
För att kunna analysera och besvara frågeställningen redogörs först för de bestraffningsideologier och rättsprinciper som ligger till grund för det nuva- rande påföljdssystemet. Allmän- och individualprevention, proportionalitet och humanitet har alla spelat en roll i utvecklingen av dagens påföljdssystem. Vidare redogörs för regleringen av påföljdsbestämningen, dess struktur och funktion. Bestämmelserna om hur straffvärdet ska bedömas är av särskild re- levans för uppsatsen, då bedömningen ska ske med hänsyn till den skada, kränkning eller fara som brottet inneburit för offret. Det innebär att ett brotts- offerperspektiv finns inbyggt i påföljdsbestämningen. Därefter ska domstolen beakta omständigheter hänförliga till den tilltalades person, däribland billig- hetsskäl. Billighetsskälen innebär att vissa omständigheter hänförliga till den tilltalades person, som inte har direkt koppling till den brottsliga gärningen, ska beaktas i mildrande riktning vid straffmätningen. Syftet med billighets- skälen kan delvis sägas vara att säkerställa en human behandling av gärnings- personen.
På senare tid har brottsoffers ställning stärkts, och det är numera en självklar- het att brottsofferperspektivet ska beaktas i straffrätten. Regeringen menar i direktiv 2023:115 att brottsoffer har rätt till upprättelse, och att ett avskaf- fande eller en begränsning av billighetsskälen skulle tillgodose denna rättig- het. Begreppet upprättelse är dock svårdefinierat, och upprättelse för brotts- offer kan innebära många olika saker, för olika brottsoffer. Det kan handla om att bli lyssnad på, få rätt till information, ekonomisk kompensation eller att gärningspersonen döms till ett kännbart straff. Det finns dock anledning att ifrågasätta om just en begränsning av billighetsskälen är det mest ända- målsenliga sättet att tillgodose brottsoffers behov av upprättelse. Genom att ta bort eller begränsa beaktandet av billighetsskälen menar regeringen att brottsoffers intressen blir beaktade i påföljdsbestämningen.
Påföljdsbestämningen beaktar dock redan brottsoffers intressen genom att straffvärdesbedömningen görs utifrån den skada, kränkning eller fara som gärningen inneburit för offret. Ett ytterligare beaktande av brottsofferintresset genom att begränsa billighetsskälen skulle därmed innebära en dubbelräkning av brottsofferintresset. Straffrätten innebär en ständig avvägning mellan olika intressen, däribland brottsoffers rätt till upprättelse och gärningspersonens rätt till en human och rättssäker behandling. Om billighetsskälen begränsas eller tas bort riskerar det att rubba den balansen och i stället leda till att brotts- offers intressen får företräde framför gärningspersonens intresse av en human behandling. Uppsatsen kommer genom analysen fram till slutsatsen att det inte finns anledning att begränsa betydelsen av billighetsskälen i syfte att ge brottsoffer upprättelse. Inte heller finns det anledning att ta hänsyn till brotts- offers intressen genom att ta bort eller begränsa billighetsskälen, eftersom brottsoffers intressen redan tillgodoses genom straffvärdebedömningen. (Less)
Abstract
In July 2023, the Swedish government appointed an inquiry with the purpose of conducting a comprehensive review of the penalty scales and presenting proposals for a reformed and fairer penalty system. The government empha- sizes in the directive that the penal system should express a clearer condem- nation of the blameworthiness of criminal acts in order to avoid that victims experience the legal process as a further violation. This signals a shift in per- spective within criminal law, where the focus is shifting from the offender to the victim and their need for redress. One of the measures proposed with the purpose of strengthening the position of crime victims is that the equity fac- tors in Section 5 of Chapter 29 of the Swedish Penal... (More)
In July 2023, the Swedish government appointed an inquiry with the purpose of conducting a comprehensive review of the penalty scales and presenting proposals for a reformed and fairer penalty system. The government empha- sizes in the directive that the penal system should express a clearer condem- nation of the blameworthiness of criminal acts in order to avoid that victims experience the legal process as a further violation. This signals a shift in per- spective within criminal law, where the focus is shifting from the offender to the victim and their need for redress. One of the measures proposed with the purpose of strengthening the position of crime victims is that the equity fac- tors in Section 5 of Chapter 29 of the Swedish Penal Code are abolished or given a more limited meaning in determining penalties. However, the pro- posal is not further motivated in the directive, which raises the question of whether such an abolition would really lead to redress for crime victims. The purpose of the essay is therefore to examine how the application of equity factors relates to the redress of crime victims, by answering the question: Is there reason to limit the significance of equity factors in order to provide redress for crime victims?
To analyse and answer this question, the thesis outlines the punishment ideo- logies and legal principles that form the basis of the current penalty system. General and individual prevention, proportionality and humanity have all played a role in the development of today’s penalty system. Furthermore, the regulation of sentencing, its structure and function, are explained. The provi- sions on how the value of the penalty should be assessed are of particular relevance to the essay, as the assessment should be made with regard to the damage, danger or violation that the crime has caused to the victim. This means that a victim perspective is built into the penalty determination. The court must then consider circumstances relating to the person accused, includ- ing the equity factors in Section 5 Chapter 29 of the Swedish Penal Code. The equity factors mean that certain circumstances relating to the person of the accused, which are not directly connected to the criminal act, must be consid- ered in a mitigating manner when determining the sentence. The purpose of the equity factors can partly be said to be to ensure humane treatment of the accused.
Recently, the position of victims of crime has been strengthened, and it is now natural that the victim perspective must be considered in criminal law. The Government argues in Directive 2023:115 that victims of crime have the right to redress, and that abolishing or limiting the reasons of fairness would satisfy this right. However, the concept of redress is difficult to define, and redress for victims can mean many different things for different victims. This may involve being listened to, being given the right to information, financial com- pensation or the perpetrator being sentenced to a significant penalty. How- ever, there is reason to question whether a limitation of the equity factors is the most appropriate way to meet the victim’s need for redress. By removing or limiting the consideration of the equity factors, the government argues that the interests of the victim are considered in the determination of the penalty. However, the determination of the penalty already considers the interests of the victim by assessing the value of the penalty based on the damage, danger and violation that the act has caused the victim. Further consideration of the victim’s interest by limiting the equity factors would therefore mean double counting of the victim’s interest. Criminal law involves a constant balancing of different interests, including the victim’s right to redress and the perpetra- tor’s right to humane treatment. If the equity factors are limited or removed, it risks upsetting that balance and instead leading to the interests of the victim taking precedence over the offender’s interest in humane treatment. The paper concludes through its analysis that there is insufficient support for the idea that abolishing or limiting the fairness grounds would lead to victims receiv- ing greater redress. Nor is there any reason to take the interests of the victim into account by removing or limiting the equity factors, since the interests of the victim are already met through the assessment of the value of the sentence. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Bodén, Vera LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Limited significance of the equity factors and redress for victims
course
JURM02 20251
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
straffrätt, billighetsskäl, brottsoffer, upprättelse
language
Swedish
id
9189162
date added to LUP
2025-06-13 11:36:05
date last changed
2025-06-13 11:36:05
@misc{9189162,
  abstract     = {{In July 2023, the Swedish government appointed an inquiry with the purpose of conducting a comprehensive review of the penalty scales and presenting proposals for a reformed and fairer penalty system. The government empha- sizes in the directive that the penal system should express a clearer condem- nation of the blameworthiness of criminal acts in order to avoid that victims experience the legal process as a further violation. This signals a shift in per- spective within criminal law, where the focus is shifting from the offender to the victim and their need for redress. One of the measures proposed with the purpose of strengthening the position of crime victims is that the equity fac- tors in Section 5 of Chapter 29 of the Swedish Penal Code are abolished or given a more limited meaning in determining penalties. However, the pro- posal is not further motivated in the directive, which raises the question of whether such an abolition would really lead to redress for crime victims. The purpose of the essay is therefore to examine how the application of equity factors relates to the redress of crime victims, by answering the question: Is there reason to limit the significance of equity factors in order to provide redress for crime victims?
To analyse and answer this question, the thesis outlines the punishment ideo- logies and legal principles that form the basis of the current penalty system. General and individual prevention, proportionality and humanity have all played a role in the development of today’s penalty system. Furthermore, the regulation of sentencing, its structure and function, are explained. The provi- sions on how the value of the penalty should be assessed are of particular relevance to the essay, as the assessment should be made with regard to the damage, danger or violation that the crime has caused to the victim. This means that a victim perspective is built into the penalty determination. The court must then consider circumstances relating to the person accused, includ- ing the equity factors in Section 5 Chapter 29 of the Swedish Penal Code. The equity factors mean that certain circumstances relating to the person of the accused, which are not directly connected to the criminal act, must be consid- ered in a mitigating manner when determining the sentence. The purpose of the equity factors can partly be said to be to ensure humane treatment of the accused.
Recently, the position of victims of crime has been strengthened, and it is now natural that the victim perspective must be considered in criminal law. The Government argues in Directive 2023:115 that victims of crime have the right to redress, and that abolishing or limiting the reasons of fairness would satisfy this right. However, the concept of redress is difficult to define, and redress for victims can mean many different things for different victims. This may involve being listened to, being given the right to information, financial com- pensation or the perpetrator being sentenced to a significant penalty. How- ever, there is reason to question whether a limitation of the equity factors is the most appropriate way to meet the victim’s need for redress. By removing or limiting the consideration of the equity factors, the government argues that the interests of the victim are considered in the determination of the penalty. However, the determination of the penalty already considers the interests of the victim by assessing the value of the penalty based on the damage, danger and violation that the act has caused the victim. Further consideration of the victim’s interest by limiting the equity factors would therefore mean double counting of the victim’s interest. Criminal law involves a constant balancing of different interests, including the victim’s right to redress and the perpetra- tor’s right to humane treatment. If the equity factors are limited or removed, it risks upsetting that balance and instead leading to the interests of the victim taking precedence over the offender’s interest in humane treatment. The paper concludes through its analysis that there is insufficient support for the idea that abolishing or limiting the fairness grounds would lead to victims receiv- ing greater redress. Nor is there any reason to take the interests of the victim into account by removing or limiting the equity factors, since the interests of the victim are already met through the assessment of the value of the sentence.}},
  author       = {{Bodén, Vera}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Begränsandet av billighetsskälen och upprättelse för brottsoffer}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}