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När lagen tystnar - En analys av det rättsliga stödet för fasthållning av barn och unga på särskilda ungdomshem

Jakobsson, Johanna LU (2025) JURM02 20251
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
Children and young people who, according to the Care of Young Persons (Special Provisions) Act (the Act), are placed in special residential homes are in a particularly vulnerable state. In addition to the special authorities express-ly regulated by law, which restrict the fundamental rights of children, the measure of physical restraint is also used in practice. This measure is not regulated in the Act but is often used in conjunction with or instead of the special authority of separation. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to exam-ine the legal basis for restraint and identify any shortcomings in legal certainty from a child rights perspective. The concluding part of the thesis aims to con-duct a normative discussion on how restraint... (More)
Children and young people who, according to the Care of Young Persons (Special Provisions) Act (the Act), are placed in special residential homes are in a particularly vulnerable state. In addition to the special authorities express-ly regulated by law, which restrict the fundamental rights of children, the measure of physical restraint is also used in practice. This measure is not regulated in the Act but is often used in conjunction with or instead of the special authority of separation. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to exam-ine the legal basis for restraint and identify any shortcomings in legal certainty from a child rights perspective. The concluding part of the thesis aims to con-duct a normative discussion on how restraint should be regulated to ensure legal certainty based on a child rights perspective.
To fulfill the purpose of the thesis, a legal dogmatic method is used. The first part maps out the applicable law and concludes that the legal basis for restraint cannot be found in public law regulations but is found in the legal base for exemption from criminal liability. Primarily in the provision of lawful authori-ty regulated in Chapter 24, Section 2 of the Swedish Penal Code.
The second part of the thesis examines how the legal basis presented relates to the Instrument of Government and the European Convention. It is concluded that the measure of restraint constitutes a restriction of Chapter 2, Section 6 of the Instrument of Government and Article 8 of the European Convention, which means that the measure requires support in law to be acceptable. It is concluded that the provision on lawful authority fulfills the formal legal re-quirement. However, the substantive legal requirement is not considered to be fulfilled. The essay thus also identifies shortcomings in legal certainty in rela-tion to the child rights perspective, as they do not ensure the requirements of predictability, equal treatment, control, or proportionality.
The concluding section discusses the need for clearer regulation of restraint within the framework of the Act to ensure legal certainty from a child rights perspective. It is proposed that a specific provision be introduced that clearly states the circumstances and extent to which restraint may be used. The regu-lation should also include the possibility of judicial proceedings. At the same time, it is emphasized that the provision should not be overly detailed but should allow for a certain degree of flexibility. In this way, it can both safe-guard the child's legal certainty and the staff's need for room for maneuver in varied and often rapidly changing situations. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Barn och unga som enlig LVU är placerade på särskilda ungdomshem befin-ner sig i en särskilt utsatt situation. Utöver de särskilda befogenheter som ut-tryckligen regleras i LVU och som inskränker barnens grundläggande rättig-heter, används i praktiken även åtgärden fasthållning. Denna åtgärd är inte reglerad i LVU som särskild befogenhet men används ofta i samband med eller i stället för avskiljning. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka den rättsliga grunden för åtgärden fasthållning samt att identifiera eventuella rättssäkerhets-brister. Den avslutande delen syftar även till att analysera hur åtgärden bör regleras för att uppfylla kraven på rättssäkerhet utifrån ett barnrättsperspektiv.
För att uppfylla uppsatsens syfte används en... (More)
Barn och unga som enlig LVU är placerade på särskilda ungdomshem befin-ner sig i en särskilt utsatt situation. Utöver de särskilda befogenheter som ut-tryckligen regleras i LVU och som inskränker barnens grundläggande rättig-heter, används i praktiken även åtgärden fasthållning. Denna åtgärd är inte reglerad i LVU som särskild befogenhet men används ofta i samband med eller i stället för avskiljning. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka den rättsliga grunden för åtgärden fasthållning samt att identifiera eventuella rättssäkerhets-brister. Den avslutande delen syftar även till att analysera hur åtgärden bör regleras för att uppfylla kraven på rättssäkerhet utifrån ett barnrättsperspektiv.
För att uppfylla uppsatsens syfte används en rättsdogamtisk metod. Den första delen kartlägger gällande rätt och konstaterar att den rättsliga grunden för fasthållning inte går att hämta i offentligrättslig reglering utan återfinns i de straffrättsliga ansvarsfrihetsgrunderna. Främst i laga befogenhet i 24 kap. 2 § brottsbalken.
Den andra delen av uppsatsen granskar hur det framställda rättsliga stödet förhåller sig till regeringsformen och Europakonventionen. Det konstateras att åtgärden fasthållning utgör en begränsning av 2 kap. 6 § RF och artikel 8 EKMR vilket innebär att det krävs stöd i lag för att vara godtagbar. Det kon-stateras att bestämmelsen laga befogenhet uppfyller det formella lagkravet. Men det materiella lagkravet anses inte vara uppfyllt. Uppsatsen identifierar därmed även rättssäkerhetsbrister i relation till barnrättsperspektivet då det rättsliga stödet inte säkerställer kraven på förutsebarhet, likabehandling, kon-troll eller proportionalitet.
I den avslutande delen diskuteras behovet av en tydligare reglering av fast-hållning inom ramen för LVU för att säkerställa rättssäkerheten utifrån ett barnrättsperspektiv. Det föreslås att en särskild bestämmelse bör införas som tydligt anger under vilka omständigheter och i vilken omfattning fasthållning får användas. Regleringen bör även inkludera möjligheter till rättslig prövning. Samtidigt betonas vikten av att bestämmelsen inte blir alltför detaljstyrd, utan lämnar ett visst utrymme för flexibilitet. På så sätt kan den både tillgodose barnets rättssäkerhet och personalens behov av handlingsutrymme i varie-rande och ofta snabbt föränderliga situationer. (Less)
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author
Jakobsson, Johanna LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The Silence of the Law - An analysis of the legal basis for the physical restraint of children and young people in special residential homes
course
JURM02 20251
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Mänskliga rättigheter, Statsrätt, Barnrättsperspektiv, LVU, Särskilda befogenheter, Särskilda ungdomshem
language
Swedish
id
9189212
date added to LUP
2025-06-16 11:35:07
date last changed
2025-06-16 11:35:07
@misc{9189212,
  abstract     = {{Children and young people who, according to the Care of Young Persons (Special Provisions) Act (the Act), are placed in special residential homes are in a particularly vulnerable state. In addition to the special authorities express-ly regulated by law, which restrict the fundamental rights of children, the measure of physical restraint is also used in practice. This measure is not regulated in the Act but is often used in conjunction with or instead of the special authority of separation. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to exam-ine the legal basis for restraint and identify any shortcomings in legal certainty from a child rights perspective. The concluding part of the thesis aims to con-duct a normative discussion on how restraint should be regulated to ensure legal certainty based on a child rights perspective. 
To fulfill the purpose of the thesis, a legal dogmatic method is used. The first part maps out the applicable law and concludes that the legal basis for restraint cannot be found in public law regulations but is found in the legal base for exemption from criminal liability. Primarily in the provision of lawful authori-ty regulated in Chapter 24, Section 2 of the Swedish Penal Code.
The second part of the thesis examines how the legal basis presented relates to the Instrument of Government and the European Convention. It is concluded that the measure of restraint constitutes a restriction of Chapter 2, Section 6 of the Instrument of Government and Article 8 of the European Convention, which means that the measure requires support in law to be acceptable. It is concluded that the provision on lawful authority fulfills the formal legal re-quirement. However, the substantive legal requirement is not considered to be fulfilled. The essay thus also identifies shortcomings in legal certainty in rela-tion to the child rights perspective, as they do not ensure the requirements of predictability, equal treatment, control, or proportionality.
The concluding section discusses the need for clearer regulation of restraint within the framework of the Act to ensure legal certainty from a child rights perspective. It is proposed that a specific provision be introduced that clearly states the circumstances and extent to which restraint may be used. The regu-lation should also include the possibility of judicial proceedings. At the same time, it is emphasized that the provision should not be overly detailed but should allow for a certain degree of flexibility. In this way, it can both safe-guard the child's legal certainty and the staff's need for room for maneuver in varied and often rapidly changing situations.}},
  author       = {{Jakobsson, Johanna}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{När lagen tystnar - En analys av det rättsliga stödet för fasthållning av barn och unga på särskilda ungdomshem}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}