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Polis, polizei, polizía, politi: Om gränsöverskridande informationsutbyte av underrättelseinformation, hemliga tvångsmedel och rättssäkerhet inom EU:s polissamarbete

Skillius, Maja LU (2025) LAGF03 20251
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
In recent decades, police cooperation within the EU has evolved in response
to the growing complexity of cross-border crime, terrorism, and organized
criminal networks. To enhance the efficiency of cooperation between na-
tional law enforcement authorities in the Member States, the EU has intro-
duced several legal reforms, including the adoption of an EU Police Cooper-
ation Code and related legal instrument, such as the Prüm II Regulation and
the Information Exchange Directive. These instruments aim to facilitate
more efficient information exchange between Member States, including at
the intelligence stage, before any formal suspicion of a crime arises. Com-
plementing this, the Data Protection Directive establishes extensive... (More)
In recent decades, police cooperation within the EU has evolved in response
to the growing complexity of cross-border crime, terrorism, and organized
criminal networks. To enhance the efficiency of cooperation between na-
tional law enforcement authorities in the Member States, the EU has intro-
duced several legal reforms, including the adoption of an EU Police Cooper-
ation Code and related legal instrument, such as the Prüm II Regulation and
the Information Exchange Directive. These instruments aim to facilitate
more efficient information exchange between Member States, including at
the intelligence stage, before any formal suspicion of a crime arises. Com-
plementing this, the Data Protection Directive establishes extensive safe-
guards for the protection of personal data in such exchanges.
However, significant legal certainty issues arise when intelligence is gath-
ered using secret coercive measures, which are regulated under national law
and thus fall outside the EU’s legislative competence. This creates a legal
grey area where information collected under different national legal stand-
ards is shared through common systems, such as the Schengen Information
System. This raises concerns that fundamental rights, particularly those un-
der Articles 6 and 8 of the ECHR, may be undermined, as these provisions
are often inapplicable or unenforceable at the intelligence stage.
The principle of equivalent access under the Information Exchange Di-
rective, ensuring that authorities in one Member State have the same access
to data as domestic authorities in another, may result in legal uncertainty if
shared information originates from states with lower safeguards. It is there-
fore of particular interest to examine whether the current EU legal frame-
work for police cooperation sufficiently protects individual rights, and to
what extent further legal harmonization is required to ensure lawful and se-
cure intelligence cooperation across the EU Member States. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Under de senaste decennierna har EU:s polissamarbete utvecklats i takt med
att gränsöverskridande brottslighet, terrorism och organiserad brottslighet
blivit alltmer komplex i sin karaktär. För att effektivisera samarbetet mellan
medlemsstaternas brottsbekämpande myndigheter har EU därför genomfört
ett flertal rättsliga reformer, däribland antagandet av en EU-kodex för polis-
samarbete med tillhörande rättsakter som Prüm II-förordningen och inform-
ationsutbytesdirektivet. Rättsakterna syftar till att möjliggöra ett mer effek-
tivt informationsutbyte mellan medlemsstater, även i underrättelsestadiet in-
nan en formell brottsmisstanke föreligger. Till detta föreskriver dataskydds-
direktivet ett långtgående integritetsskydd vid... (More)
Under de senaste decennierna har EU:s polissamarbete utvecklats i takt med
att gränsöverskridande brottslighet, terrorism och organiserad brottslighet
blivit alltmer komplex i sin karaktär. För att effektivisera samarbetet mellan
medlemsstaternas brottsbekämpande myndigheter har EU därför genomfört
ett flertal rättsliga reformer, däribland antagandet av en EU-kodex för polis-
samarbete med tillhörande rättsakter som Prüm II-förordningen och inform-
ationsutbytesdirektivet. Rättsakterna syftar till att möjliggöra ett mer effek-
tivt informationsutbyte mellan medlemsstater, även i underrättelsestadiet in-
nan en formell brottsmisstanke föreligger. Till detta föreskriver dataskydds-
direktivet ett långtgående integritetsskydd vid informationsutbyte.
Samtidigt aktualiseras betydande rättssäkerhetsfrågor i de fall då informat-
ion, specifikt underrättelseinformation, inhämtas med hjälp av hemliga
tvångsmedel, vars användning regleras av nationell rätt och därmed faller
utanför EU:s lagstiftningskompetens. Det uppstår då en rättslig gråzon, där
information som samlats in under olika rättsliga förutsättningar i olika med-
lemsländer delas inom ett gemensamt informationssystem, Schengens in-
formationssystem. Detta medför en risk för att individens grundläggande
rättigheter urholkas, särskilt i förhållande till artikel 6 och 8 EKMR, ef-
tersom dessa bestämmelser ofta inte kan åberopas av den enskilde i under-
rättelsestadiet.
Informationsutbytesdirektivets princip om likvärdig tillgång, vilket innebär
att medlemsstater ska ha samma tillgång till information som inhemska
myndigheter, kan i praktiken leda till rättsosäkerhet när information från sta-
ter med lägre rättighetskrav delas och används i rättssystem med högre
skyddsnivåer. Det är därav av intresse att undersöka om det EU-rättsliga
ramverket för polisiärt samarbete i dess nuvarande form tillräckligt skyddar
individers grundläggande rättigheter, samt i vilken utsträckning ytterligare
rättslig harmonisering krävs för att säkerställa ett rättssäkert polissamarbete
inom EU. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Skillius, Maja LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20251
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
EU-rätt, Polissamarbete
language
Swedish
id
9189588
date added to LUP
2025-06-23 13:27:55
date last changed
2025-06-23 13:27:55
@misc{9189588,
  abstract     = {{In recent decades, police cooperation within the EU has evolved in response
to the growing complexity of cross-border crime, terrorism, and organized
criminal networks. To enhance the efficiency of cooperation between na-
tional law enforcement authorities in the Member States, the EU has intro-
duced several legal reforms, including the adoption of an EU Police Cooper-
ation Code and related legal instrument, such as the Prüm II Regulation and
the Information Exchange Directive. These instruments aim to facilitate
more efficient information exchange between Member States, including at
the intelligence stage, before any formal suspicion of a crime arises. Com-
plementing this, the Data Protection Directive establishes extensive safe-
guards for the protection of personal data in such exchanges.
However, significant legal certainty issues arise when intelligence is gath-
ered using secret coercive measures, which are regulated under national law
and thus fall outside the EU’s legislative competence. This creates a legal
grey area where information collected under different national legal stand-
ards is shared through common systems, such as the Schengen Information
System. This raises concerns that fundamental rights, particularly those un-
der Articles 6 and 8 of the ECHR, may be undermined, as these provisions
are often inapplicable or unenforceable at the intelligence stage.
The principle of equivalent access under the Information Exchange Di-
rective, ensuring that authorities in one Member State have the same access
to data as domestic authorities in another, may result in legal uncertainty if
shared information originates from states with lower safeguards. It is there-
fore of particular interest to examine whether the current EU legal frame-
work for police cooperation sufficiently protects individual rights, and to
what extent further legal harmonization is required to ensure lawful and se-
cure intelligence cooperation across the EU Member States.}},
  author       = {{Skillius, Maja}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Polis, polizei, polizía, politi: Om gränsöverskridande informationsutbyte av underrättelseinformation, hemliga tvångsmedel och rättssäkerhet inom EU:s polissamarbete}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}