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Att avlyssna klimatrörelsen: I vilken utsträckning kan hemliga tvångsmedel nyttjas mot klimataktivister, och hur förhåller sig det till Europakonventionen?

Nederman Thore, Marlon LU (2025) LAGF03 20251
Faculty of Law
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Denna uppsats utreder i vilken utsträckning hemliga tvångsmedel kan komma att användas gentemot personer som ägnar sig åt klimataktivism, samt huruvida det presenterade rättsläget uppfyller de krav på inskränkningar som ställs i EKMR artikel 8(2). Genom att diskutera sambandet mellan lagstiftning och hovrättspraxis, gemensamt med Europadomstolens tolkningar av konventionsrätten, analyseras och kritiseras det nuvarande rättsläget.

Utredningen av det svenska rättsläget gör det tydligt att det råder stor oenighet i hur rekvisiten för sabotagebestämmelsen i brottsbalken bör tolkas, samt stor osäkerhet i hur detta tolkningsutrymme kan komma att påverka appliceringen av lagstiftningen som rör hemliga tvångsmedel. Avgörande i frågan är hur... (More)
Denna uppsats utreder i vilken utsträckning hemliga tvångsmedel kan komma att användas gentemot personer som ägnar sig åt klimataktivism, samt huruvida det presenterade rättsläget uppfyller de krav på inskränkningar som ställs i EKMR artikel 8(2). Genom att diskutera sambandet mellan lagstiftning och hovrättspraxis, gemensamt med Europadomstolens tolkningar av konventionsrätten, analyseras och kritiseras det nuvarande rättsläget.

Utredningen av det svenska rättsläget gör det tydligt att det råder stor oenighet i hur rekvisiten för sabotagebestämmelsen i brottsbalken bör tolkas, samt stor osäkerhet i hur detta tolkningsutrymme kan komma att påverka appliceringen av lagstiftningen som rör hemliga tvångsmedel. Avgörande i frågan är hur uttrycket allvarlig störning i sabotagebestämmelsens andra mening bör tolkas samt vilka omständigheter som faktiskt kan inkluderas i en sådan bedömning. Idag kan klimataktivister som genomför demonstration i form av vägblockader dömas för brottet sabotage om rätten finner att blockaden innefattat en så stor störning av den allmänna samfärdseln att den kan klassas som allvarlig.

Slutsatsen som dras vad gäller den första frågeställningen är att möjligheterna för användning av hemliga tvångsmedel mot klimataktivister är mycket stora och kan användas i väldigt stor utsträckning beroende på den risk- och proportionalitetsbedömning som beslutsfattarna gör i det enskilda fallet, i anslutning till tillståndsprövningen av förevarande hemliga tvångsmedel.

Vidare framkommer av uppsatsens analys att det rättsläge som presenterats ovan inte uppfyller de krav som ställs för inskränkningar av rätten till skydd för privat- och familjeliv i EKMR art. 8(2). Detta framför allt ur en kvalitativ synpunkt och ett rättssäkerhetsperspektiv med principer om förutsebarhet och proportionalitet som avgörande aspekter vid bedömningen. (Less)
Abstract
This essay investigates to what extent secret coercive measures can be used against individuals who engage in climate activism. The essay also investigates whether the current Swedish legal situation meets the requirements for legal interference with article 8(2) of the European Convention on Human Rights (the Convention), developed by the European Court of Human Rights (the Court). By discussing the relationship between written legislation and relevant case law from Swedish courts of appeal, along with the Courts’ interpretation of the articles of the Convention, the legal situation is analyzed from a critical perspective.

The investigation of the Swedish legal situation clarifies the fact that there is ample disagreement regarding the... (More)
This essay investigates to what extent secret coercive measures can be used against individuals who engage in climate activism. The essay also investigates whether the current Swedish legal situation meets the requirements for legal interference with article 8(2) of the European Convention on Human Rights (the Convention), developed by the European Court of Human Rights (the Court). By discussing the relationship between written legislation and relevant case law from Swedish courts of appeal, along with the Courts’ interpretation of the articles of the Convention, the legal situation is analyzed from a critical perspective.

The investigation of the Swedish legal situation clarifies the fact that there is ample disagreement regarding the interpretation of the criminal provision of sabotage and in what ways the interpretation affects the application of legislation regarding secret coercive measures. A crucial aspect is the interpretation of major interference from the second sentence of the provision and what situational circumstances that can be included in the assessment. Today, climate activists that perform roadblocks as a means of demonstration can be convicted of engaging in sabotage if the court finds the roadblock sufficiently disruptive of the local traffic situation that it can be classified as a major interference. A conclusion can therefore be reached, regarding the essays’ initial question at issue, that the possibilities of using secret coercive measures against climate activists are large and applicable on a broad scale – depending on the individual assessments that the decision makers make for each case.

Regarding the essays’ second question at issue, the conclusion is reached that the current Swedish legal situation does not reach the collective requirements for legal interference of the right to respect for private and family life in article 8(2) of the ECHR. The primary issue being the lack of protections against arbitrary interference through an absence of predictability and the palpable risk of disproportional assessments being made in the decision-making process and practical application of the legislation on secret coercive measures. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Nederman Thore, Marlon LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20251
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Processrätt, straffrätt, folkrätt. Hemliga tvångsmedel, avlyssning, klimataktivism, vägblockader, Europakonventionen, rätt till skydd för privat- och familjeliv
language
Swedish
id
9190083
date added to LUP
2025-06-23 13:18:10
date last changed
2025-06-23 13:18:10
@misc{9190083,
  abstract     = {{This essay investigates to what extent secret coercive measures can be used against individuals who engage in climate activism. The essay also investigates whether the current Swedish legal situation meets the requirements for legal interference with article 8(2) of the European Convention on Human Rights (the Convention), developed by the European Court of Human Rights (the Court). By discussing the relationship between written legislation and relevant case law from Swedish courts of appeal, along with the Courts’ interpretation of the articles of the Convention, the legal situation is analyzed from a critical perspective.

The investigation of the Swedish legal situation clarifies the fact that there is ample disagreement regarding the interpretation of the criminal provision of sabotage and in what ways the interpretation affects the application of legislation regarding secret coercive measures. A crucial aspect is the interpretation of major interference from the second sentence of the provision and what situational circumstances that can be included in the assessment. Today, climate activists that perform roadblocks as a means of demonstration can be convicted of engaging in sabotage if the court finds the roadblock sufficiently disruptive of the local traffic situation that it can be classified as a major interference. A conclusion can therefore be reached, regarding the essays’ initial question at issue, that the possibilities of using secret coercive measures against climate activists are large and applicable on a broad scale – depending on the individual assessments that the decision makers make for each case.

Regarding the essays’ second question at issue, the conclusion is reached that the current Swedish legal situation does not reach the collective requirements for legal interference of the right to respect for private and family life in article 8(2) of the ECHR. The primary issue being the lack of protections against arbitrary interference through an absence of predictability and the palpable risk of disproportional assessments being made in the decision-making process and practical application of the legislation on secret coercive measures.}},
  author       = {{Nederman Thore, Marlon}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Att avlyssna klimatrörelsen: I vilken utsträckning kan hemliga tvångsmedel nyttjas mot klimataktivister, och hur förhåller sig det till Europakonventionen?}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}