Att navigera i den normativa djungeln - Om det förvaltningsrättsliga överklagandet och dess förhållande till den konstitutionella ordningen i Sverige och överklaganden av högskolebeslut
(2025) JURM02 20251Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Genom Europarättens inflytande har domstolarnas konstitutionella ställning i Sverige stärkts i flera viktiga avseenden. Europarätten har inneburit en ny rättsordning att förhålla sig till i vilken domstolarna har en central roll. Det gäller både genomförandet av EU-rätten och bevakningen av rättighetsskyddet enligt Europakonventionen. Det har lett till en utvidgning av rätten till domstolsprövning av förvaltningsbeslut vilket alltmer kommit att betraktas som en viktig rättsstatlig princip.
Den traditionella svenska ordningen med överklagande av förvaltningsbeslut internt inom förvaltningen har till stora delar övergivits och beslut överklagas som huvudregel till förvaltningsdomstol enligt 40 § förvaltningslagen. Eftersom... (More) - Genom Europarättens inflytande har domstolarnas konstitutionella ställning i Sverige stärkts i flera viktiga avseenden. Europarätten har inneburit en ny rättsordning att förhålla sig till i vilken domstolarna har en central roll. Det gäller både genomförandet av EU-rätten och bevakningen av rättighetsskyddet enligt Europakonventionen. Det har lett till en utvidgning av rätten till domstolsprövning av förvaltningsbeslut vilket alltmer kommit att betraktas som en viktig rättsstatlig princip.
Den traditionella svenska ordningen med överklagande av förvaltningsbeslut internt inom förvaltningen har till stora delar övergivits och beslut överklagas som huvudregel till förvaltningsdomstol enligt 40 § förvaltningslagen. Eftersom förvaltningslagen är subsidiär kan denna huvudregel åsidosättas genom bestämmelser i andra lagar och förordningar. Det är inte ovanligt att specialförfattningar innehåller överklagandeförbud. Förbud mot att överklaga vissa beslut motiveras med att besluten rymmer ett stort mått av skönsmässighet eller kräver sådan sakkunskap att en domstolsprövning inte anses lämplig. För beslut som omfattas av Europarätten får överklagandeförbud inte tillämpas. Förbuden strider i sådana fall mot rätten till domstolsprövning enligt Europarätten.
Vid förvaltningsrättsligt överklagande företar domstolen en reformatorisk prövning vilket innebär att den ”sätter sig i myndighetens ställe” och kan upphäva och ändra myndighetens beslut. Det innebär också att den kan pröva både lämplighets- och laglighetsfrågor och kan gå in på det skönsutrymme som tilldelats myndigheten. Omfattningen av domstolsprövningen kan anses ge domstolen stora befogenheter och större makt. Samtidigt har kombinationen av denna prövningsrätt för domstolarna och överklagandeförbuden lett till att den svenska ordningen för domstolsprövning beskrivits som ett allt eller inget- system, alltså att domstolen antingen kan pröva ett beslut i dess helhet eller inte alls. Det har föreslagits att domstolsprövningen i fall där besluten rymmer ett stort mått av skönsmässighet skulle kunna begränsas till att endast omfatta en laglighetsprövning för att tillgodose rätten till domstolsprövning även i de fallen.
På högskolans område finns en särskild överklagandenämnd, Överklagandenämnden för högskolan, som svarar för prövningen av vissa högskolebeslut. Nämnden anses omfattas av det Europarättsliga domstolsbegreppet. Fråga har uppstått om det överklagandeförbud som stadgas i 12:4 högskoleförordningen ska tillämpas när beslut fattas med stöd av förvaltningslagens regler istället för högskolelagstiftnignens. Åsikterna har gått isär i underrätterna och i litteraturen. De förslag som framfördes i utredningen som behandlade frågan lämnades obesvarade av regeringen i den efterföljande propositionen. Detta har tolkats vara i linje med beskrivningen av lagstiftaren som passiv i förhållande till överklagandeförbuden och deras betydelse. (Less) - Abstract
- The constitutional position of the courts in Sweden have increased in a significant way through the influence of the European law. The European law have established a new legal order in which the court have a vital role. That includes both the implementation of EU law and the monitoring of the European Convention on Human Rights. This have led to an increased right to judicial review, which have come to be considered as an important rule of law-principle.
The traditional Swedish order of appealing administrative decisions within the administration have been abandoned and decisions are principally being appealed to the administrative court according to 40 § of the administrative law. Because of the subsidiary of the administrative law... (More) - The constitutional position of the courts in Sweden have increased in a significant way through the influence of the European law. The European law have established a new legal order in which the court have a vital role. That includes both the implementation of EU law and the monitoring of the European Convention on Human Rights. This have led to an increased right to judicial review, which have come to be considered as an important rule of law-principle.
The traditional Swedish order of appealing administrative decisions within the administration have been abandoned and decisions are principally being appealed to the administrative court according to 40 § of the administrative law. Because of the subsidiary of the administrative law it’s possible to set this main rule aside though other laws and ordinances. It’s not uncommon that special legislation contains prohibitions to appeal. Prohibitions to appeal certain decisions are being explained by that the decisions contain a high degree of discretion or demand such professional knowledge that a judicial review is not appropriate. For decisions that are being covered by the European law, the prohibition can’t be upheld. The prohibitions are in those cases in contention with the right to judicial review according to the European law.
Under the administrative judicial form of appeal, the court conducts a reformatory review which means that they put themselves in the place of the administrative authority and can both annul and change the decision of the administrative authority. That means that the court can review both the legality and suitability and can enter into the discretionary area that have been given to the administration. The scope of the judicial review can be considered to have increased the power of the court. At the same time, the combination of this scope and the prohibitions to appeal have led to the Swedish system being described as an all or null- system which means that the court can either make a full review or not review a decision at all. It has been suggested that the judicial review in cases where the decisions contain a high degree of discretion could be limited to only contain a legal review in order to secure the right to judicial review.
Within the area of higher education there is a special appeals board, The Higher Education Appeals Board, whose task it is to hear appeals against certain decisions within the area of higher education. The Board is regarded as a court within the meaning of the European law. A question have been raised whether the prohibition to appeal that is stipulated in 12:4 of the Higher Education Ordinance should be applied when a decision have been made on the basis of the Administrative Law instead of the Higher Education Laws. The opinions have diverged between the lower courts and the literature. The proposals that were raised in the investigation that dealt with the question were ignored by the government in the following bill. This have been interpreted in accordance with the description of the law maker as passive in regard to the prohibitons to appeal and their significance. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9190216
- author
- Inajetovic, Emil LU
- supervisor
-
- Per Nilsén LU
- organization
- alternative title
- To navigate in the normative djungle - About the administrative judicial form of appeal and its connection to the constitutional order and appeal in the area of higher education
- course
- JURM02 20251
- year
- 2025
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- förvaltningsrätt, statsrätt
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9190216
- date added to LUP
- 2025-06-23 11:24:35
- date last changed
- 2025-06-23 11:24:35
@misc{9190216,
abstract = {{The constitutional position of the courts in Sweden have increased in a significant way through the influence of the European law. The European law have established a new legal order in which the court have a vital role. That includes both the implementation of EU law and the monitoring of the European Convention on Human Rights. This have led to an increased right to judicial review, which have come to be considered as an important rule of law-principle.
The traditional Swedish order of appealing administrative decisions within the administration have been abandoned and decisions are principally being appealed to the administrative court according to 40 § of the administrative law. Because of the subsidiary of the administrative law it’s possible to set this main rule aside though other laws and ordinances. It’s not uncommon that special legislation contains prohibitions to appeal. Prohibitions to appeal certain decisions are being explained by that the decisions contain a high degree of discretion or demand such professional knowledge that a judicial review is not appropriate. For decisions that are being covered by the European law, the prohibition can’t be upheld. The prohibitions are in those cases in contention with the right to judicial review according to the European law.
Under the administrative judicial form of appeal, the court conducts a reformatory review which means that they put themselves in the place of the administrative authority and can both annul and change the decision of the administrative authority. That means that the court can review both the legality and suitability and can enter into the discretionary area that have been given to the administration. The scope of the judicial review can be considered to have increased the power of the court. At the same time, the combination of this scope and the prohibitions to appeal have led to the Swedish system being described as an all or null- system which means that the court can either make a full review or not review a decision at all. It has been suggested that the judicial review in cases where the decisions contain a high degree of discretion could be limited to only contain a legal review in order to secure the right to judicial review.
Within the area of higher education there is a special appeals board, The Higher Education Appeals Board, whose task it is to hear appeals against certain decisions within the area of higher education. The Board is regarded as a court within the meaning of the European law. A question have been raised whether the prohibition to appeal that is stipulated in 12:4 of the Higher Education Ordinance should be applied when a decision have been made on the basis of the Administrative Law instead of the Higher Education Laws. The opinions have diverged between the lower courts and the literature. The proposals that were raised in the investigation that dealt with the question were ignored by the government in the following bill. This have been interpreted in accordance with the description of the law maker as passive in regard to the prohibitons to appeal and their significance.}},
author = {{Inajetovic, Emil}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Att navigera i den normativa djungeln - Om det förvaltningsrättsliga överklagandet och dess förhållande till den konstitutionella ordningen i Sverige och överklaganden av högskolebeslut}},
year = {{2025}},
}