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To what extent can differences in energy prices and digitalization explain why Europe has fallen behind the United States in economic growth in the 21st century?

Söderpalm, Axel LU (2025) NEKP01 20251
Department of Economics
Abstract
This thesis explores a central question in the macroeconomic debate today: Why has Europe`s economic growth lagged behind the United States in recent decades? The study specifically examines if this divergence in part can be explained by differences in digitalization and energy prices. By employing an OLS panel data model with country specific effects – modelling the two samples of EU15 countries and EU15 plus the United States – this study aims to estimate the relationship between the two macroeconomic variables and real GDP growth in the 2000s so far. The goal is to contribute to the contemporary growth debate in macroeconomics.
The results show a significant negative effect from energy prices on growth in both samples, while the proxy... (More)
This thesis explores a central question in the macroeconomic debate today: Why has Europe`s economic growth lagged behind the United States in recent decades? The study specifically examines if this divergence in part can be explained by differences in digitalization and energy prices. By employing an OLS panel data model with country specific effects – modelling the two samples of EU15 countries and EU15 plus the United States – this study aims to estimate the relationship between the two macroeconomic variables and real GDP growth in the 2000s so far. The goal is to contribute to the contemporary growth debate in macroeconomics.
The results show a significant negative effect from energy prices on growth in both samples, while the proxy of digitalization showed a relatively weak effect in the two. When including the US, the results did not change in a fundamental way. This means that no conclusions on the variables’ possible role in recent growth dynamics can be drawn. However, this study contributes to the ongoing debate on why there is a growth divergence between the US and Europe – focusing on specific structural factors. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Söderpalm, Axel LU
supervisor
organization
course
NEKP01 20251
year
type
H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
subject
keywords
Economic growth, Digitalization, Energy Prices, Panel data analysis, Europe-US comparison
language
English
id
9193580
date added to LUP
2025-09-12 11:18:02
date last changed
2025-09-12 11:18:02
@misc{9193580,
  abstract     = {{This thesis explores a central question in the macroeconomic debate today: Why has Europe`s economic growth lagged behind the United States in recent decades? The study specifically examines if this divergence in part can be explained by differences in digitalization and energy prices. By employing an OLS panel data model with country specific effects – modelling the two samples of EU15 countries and EU15 plus the United States – this study aims to estimate the relationship between the two macroeconomic variables and real GDP growth in the 2000s so far. The goal is to contribute to the contemporary growth debate in macroeconomics.
The results show a significant negative effect from energy prices on growth in both samples, while the proxy of digitalization showed a relatively weak effect in the two. When including the US, the results did not change in a fundamental way. This means that no conclusions on the variables’ possible role in recent growth dynamics can be drawn. However, this study contributes to the ongoing debate on why there is a growth divergence between the US and Europe – focusing on specific structural factors.}},
  author       = {{Söderpalm, Axel}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{To what extent can differences in energy prices and digitalization explain why Europe has fallen behind the United States in economic growth in the 21st century?}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}