Vad är ens hatretorik och varför uttrycks det? En kvalitativ studie om ungdomars skildringar av hatretorik
(2025) PSPR14 20251Department of Psychology
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Hatretorik är ett vanligt förekommande fenomen som saknar en allmän accepterad definition. Forskningen rörande hatretorik och ungdomar är begränsad och saknas helt i Sverige. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur svenska gymnasieungdomar skildrar hatretorik och dess bakomliggande mekanismer. Sex fokusgrupper genomfördes och analyserades med reflexiv tematisk analys. Genom analysen genererades fem teman. Temat Det finns ingen tydlig gräns för vad som är hat tydliggjorde hur svårdefinierat hatretorik var för ungdomarna, exempelvis i förhållande till andra aggressioner. Det andra temat Man kommer inte undan hat belyste ungdomarnas uppfattningar om att hat finns överallt och kan drabba alla. Det tredje temat Man hatar de som är... (More)
- Hatretorik är ett vanligt förekommande fenomen som saknar en allmän accepterad definition. Forskningen rörande hatretorik och ungdomar är begränsad och saknas helt i Sverige. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur svenska gymnasieungdomar skildrar hatretorik och dess bakomliggande mekanismer. Sex fokusgrupper genomfördes och analyserades med reflexiv tematisk analys. Genom analysen genererades fem teman. Temat Det finns ingen tydlig gräns för vad som är hat tydliggjorde hur svårdefinierat hatretorik var för ungdomarna, exempelvis i förhållande till andra aggressioner. Det andra temat Man kommer inte undan hat belyste ungdomarnas uppfattningar om att hat finns överallt och kan drabba alla. Det tredje temat Man hatar de som är annorlunda uppmärksammade att framför allt är de som är annorlunda utsätts och att förövare kan ha ett inre behov av att andra ska följa normer. Det fjärde temat Gruppen göder hat beskrev att grupptillhörighet eller en önskan om grupptillhörighet ledde till att man börjar eller fortsätter uttrycka hat och liknande aggressioner. Det femte temat Miljön på nätet tillåter hat beskrev hur miljön på internet både tillåter och uppmuntrar hat och liknande aggressioner. Detta tema delades upp i två underteman: Förövare får inga konsekvenser på nätet och Hat är norm på nätet. Sammanfattningsvis visar resultaten hur komplext begreppet hatretorik är för ungdomar samt att de har många och nyanserade skildringar av varför man börjar och fortsätter utöva hatretorik och liknande aggressioner. Utifrån resultaten är det tydligt att interventioner mot hatretorik och liknande aggressioner bör utformas i olika miljöer där ungdomar vistas samt på olika samhällsnivåer. (Less)
- Abstract
- Hate speech is a common phenomenon that lacks a generally accepted definition. Research on hate speech and adolescents is limited, and no studies have been conducted in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Swedish high school students portray hate speech and its underlying mechanisms. Six focus groups were conducted and analyzed with reflexive thematic analysis. The analysis generated five themes. The theme There is no clear boundary for what hate is clarified how difficult it was for adolescents to define hate speech, for example compared to other forms of aggression. The second theme You can't escape hate highlighted the adolescents’ perceptions that hate exists everywhere and can affect anyone. The third theme You... (More)
- Hate speech is a common phenomenon that lacks a generally accepted definition. Research on hate speech and adolescents is limited, and no studies have been conducted in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Swedish high school students portray hate speech and its underlying mechanisms. Six focus groups were conducted and analyzed with reflexive thematic analysis. The analysis generated five themes. The theme There is no clear boundary for what hate is clarified how difficult it was for adolescents to define hate speech, for example compared to other forms of aggression. The second theme You can't escape hate highlighted the adolescents’ perceptions that hate exists everywhere and can affect anyone. The third theme You hate those who are different noted that those who are different are particularly exposed to hate, and that perpetrators may have an inner need for others to follow norms. The fourth theme The group nourishes hate described how group affiliation or a desire for group affiliation led perpetrators to begin or continue expressing hate and similar aggression. The fifth theme, The online environment permits hate, described how the environment on the internet is both permissive and encourages hate and similar aggression. This theme consisted of two subthemes: Perpetrators face no consequences online and Hate is the norm online. In summary, the results show how complex the concept of hate speech is for adolescents and that they provide many and nuanced descriptions of why perpetrators begin and continue to practice hate speech and similar aggression. Based on our results, it is clear that interventions against hate speech and similar aggression should be designed in different environments where adolescents can be found and at different societal levels. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9195728
- author
- Lagerstedt, Elisa LU and Hansen, Emelie LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- PSPR14 20251
- year
- 2025
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- hatretorik, aggressioner, ungdomar, socialpsykologi, hate speech, aggression, adolescents, social psychology
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9195728
- date added to LUP
- 2025-06-12 08:28:20
- date last changed
- 2025-06-12 08:28:20
@misc{9195728,
abstract = {{Hate speech is a common phenomenon that lacks a generally accepted definition. Research on hate speech and adolescents is limited, and no studies have been conducted in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Swedish high school students portray hate speech and its underlying mechanisms. Six focus groups were conducted and analyzed with reflexive thematic analysis. The analysis generated five themes. The theme There is no clear boundary for what hate is clarified how difficult it was for adolescents to define hate speech, for example compared to other forms of aggression. The second theme You can't escape hate highlighted the adolescents’ perceptions that hate exists everywhere and can affect anyone. The third theme You hate those who are different noted that those who are different are particularly exposed to hate, and that perpetrators may have an inner need for others to follow norms. The fourth theme The group nourishes hate described how group affiliation or a desire for group affiliation led perpetrators to begin or continue expressing hate and similar aggression. The fifth theme, The online environment permits hate, described how the environment on the internet is both permissive and encourages hate and similar aggression. This theme consisted of two subthemes: Perpetrators face no consequences online and Hate is the norm online. In summary, the results show how complex the concept of hate speech is for adolescents and that they provide many and nuanced descriptions of why perpetrators begin and continue to practice hate speech and similar aggression. Based on our results, it is clear that interventions against hate speech and similar aggression should be designed in different environments where adolescents can be found and at different societal levels.}},
author = {{Lagerstedt, Elisa and Hansen, Emelie}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Vad är ens hatretorik och varför uttrycks det? En kvalitativ studie om ungdomars skildringar av hatretorik}},
year = {{2025}},
}